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CALIFORNIA  STATE  MINING  BUREAU 

FERRY  BUILDING,  SAN  FRANCISCO 
FLETCHER  HAMILTON  State  Mineralogist 

San  Francisco]  BULLETIN  No.  76  August,  1918 


Manganese  and  Chromium 

In 

California 


By 

WALTER  W.  BRADLEY,  EMILE  HUGUENIN,  C.  A   LOGAN, 
W.  BURLING  TUCKER  and  CLARENCE  A.  WARING. 


'•LLl  V 


38958 


CALIFORNIA  STATE  PRINTING  OFFICE 

SACRAMENTO 

19  18 

LIBRARY 

UNIVERSiTY  OF  CAUFORNIA 
DAViS 


CONTENTS. 


Page 

LETTER    OF   TRANSMITTAL, 5 

FOREWORD 7 

Acknowledgment 7 

Part  I. 

MANGANESE. 

INTRODUCTION 9 

Uses  of  Manganese  and  Grades  of  Ore  Required 9 

Sources  of  World's  Manganese 10 

Russia 10 

India • 11 

Brazil     —  11 

Other  foreign  deposits 11 

United    States    12 

Distribution  of  Manganese  Deposits  in  California 13 

Coast  Range   deposits 13 

Soutliern  coast  counties 14 

Counties  west  of  San  Joaquin  Valley 15 

Coast  Ranges  north  of  San  Francisco  Bay 16 

Klamath  Mountain  Region 17 

Counties  west  of  Sacramento  Valley 17 

Sierra   Nevada   Mountain   counties 18 

Southern  California 19 

Possibilities  of  Concentrating  Manganese  Ores,. 19 

Electric  Smelters 20 

MINES 24 

Alameda  County 24 

Amador  County 29 

Butte  County 30 

Calaveras  County . 31 

Contra  Costa  County 31 

F"resno  County   32 

Glenn   County . 32 

Humboldt   County    33 

Imperial   County 34 

Inyo    County    36 

Lake  County 36 

Los  Angeles  County 38 

Marin  County 38 

Mendocino  County 39 

Merced   County   —  49 

Monterey  County 50 

Napa  County 51 

Nevada  County 51 

Placer  County 52 

Plumas    County   53 

Riverside  County 54 

San  Benito  County 59 

San  Bernardino  County 61 

San  Joaquin  County 64 

San  Luis  Obispo  County 69 

Santa  Barbara  County 74 

Santa  Clara  County 75 

Shasta  County 80 

Siskiyou  County 81 

Sonoma  County 82 

Stanislaus  County 83 

Tehama  County 87 

Trinity  County „ 89 

Tulare  County  91 

Tuolumne  County 91 

SYNOPSIS   OF  MANGANESE   PROPERTIES   IN   CALIFORNIA 92 

PURCHASERS  OF  MANGANESE  AND  MANGANIFEROUS  ORES 98 

PRODUCTION  OF  MANGANESE  ORES  IN  CALIFORNIA.., 100 


4  CONTENTS. 


Part  II. 

CHROMIUM. 

Page 

INTRODUCTION 101 

History    .101 

Genesis   of  Chromite  Deposits 102 

Occurrences  in  California 102 

Southern  Coast  Range  counties 103 

Tulare   and   Fresno   counties 104 

Counties  west  of  San  Joaquin  Valley 105 

Coast  Ranges,  nortli  of  San  Francisco  Bay 106 

Klamatli   Mountain   region 107 

Counties  on  west  side  of  Sacramento  Valley 109 

Sierra  Nevada   Mountain  counties 110 

Developments  During  First  Half  of  1918 113 

Increased  Importance  of  Concentration 114 

Districts  of  Promise  to  the  Prospector 115 

MINKS    115 

Alameda  County 115 

Amador  County 116 

Butte  County  118 

Calaveras  County 121 

Colusa  County 123 

Del  Norte  County 124 

El  Dorado  County 131 

Fresno  County   144 

Glenn  County 146 

Humboldt  County 148 

Lake  County 148 

Los  Angeles  County 151 

Mariposa  County 151 

Mendocino  County 151 

Monterey  County 156 

Napa  County 156 

Nevada  County 157 

Placer   County   159 

Plumas  County 165 

San  Benito  County 166 

San  Luis  Obispo  County 167 

Santa  Barbara  County 179 

Santa  Clara  County 180 

Shasta  County 181 

Sierra  County 189 

Siskiyou  County -- 189 

Sonoma  County 201 

Stanislaus   County 203 

Tehama  County 206 

Trinity  County 209 

Tulare  County   213 

Tuolumne  County 213 

SYNOPSIS   OF   CHROMITE   PROPERTIES   IN   CALIFORNIA 216 

PRICES  AND  GRADES  OF  ORE 226 

CONSUMERS   OF  CHROMITE 226 

PRODUCTION  OF  CHROMITE   IN  CALIFORNIA 226 

SUPPLEMENTARY   STATEMENT   RELATIVE   TO   CHROMITE   MARKET 227 

PUBLICATIONS  OF  CALIFORNIA  STATE  MINING  BUREAU 229 

INDEX 233 


CONTENTS.  D 

ILLUSTRATIONS. 

riwtographs  Page 

1.  Manganese  deposit  near  Fort  Baker,  Humboldt  County 33 

2.  Manganese  ore  on  property  of  I^.  M.  Bryant,  Humboldt  County 34 

3.  Buseh  and  Bevins  manganese  mine,  Mendocino  County 40 

4.  Loading  platform  at  foot  of  gravity  tram,  at  Buseh  and  Bevins  mine 41 

,5.  Screening  manganese  ore  in  open  cut  at  Independent  mine,  Mendocino  County  42 

G.  Tliirty  tons  of  high-grade  manganese  ore  on  dump  at  Independent  mine 43 

7.  Tunnel  at  W.  P.  Thomas  manganese  mine,  near  Ulciah 47 

N.  "Wild  I)e\il  manganese  mine,  Mendocino  County 48 

St.  Outcrop  at   Briggs  man.ganese  deposit,   Merced  County 49 

10.  Open   cut  at  Briggs  mine 50 

11.  Tunnel  and  open  cut  on  Scliellenger  manganese  claims.  Riverside  County 55 

12.  Open  cut  at  Hendricks  mine,  San  Benito  County 60 

13.  Owl's  Hole  manganese  mine.  San  Bernardino  County 63 

14.  Ladd  mine,  looking  soutlieasterly  from  Fabian  shaft,  San  Joaquin  County 65 

15.  White  Good-Roads  Truck,  used  by  Western  Rock  Products  Company  in  haul- 

ing manganese  ore 66 

16.  Aerial  tramway  on  Sec.  13,  T.   4  S..  R.  4  E.,  M.  D.  M.,  San  Joaquin  County—  67 

17.  Stope  in  manganese  mine — Wiltsee  lease 68 

17a.  Staneuch  Ranch  or  Prefumo  Canon  manganese  deposit,  San  Luis  Obispo  County  72 

17b.  Staneucli  Rancli  deposit,  showing  tunnels  on  top  of  ridge 73 

17c.  No.  1  tunnel  of  Welsh  manganese  deposit,  San  Luis  Obispo  County 74 

18.  Manganese  prospect  on  Sec.  1,  T.  5  S.,  R.  5  E.,  M.  D.  M..  Stanislaus  County__  85 

19.  Outcrop  of  manganese  ore  on  Sec.   3,  T.   5   S.,  R.   5  E.,  M.  D.  M.,   Stanislaus 

County 86 

20.  Copper  Creek  chrome  mine,  Del  Norte  County 126 

21.  Tunnel  at  Copper  Creek  clirome  mine 127 

22.  Open  cut  at  Tyson  chrome  mine,  Del  Norte  County 128 

23.  Dump  containing  150  tons  of  chromite,  at  Tyson  mine 129 

24.  Wasliing  chrome  ore  at  Green  property.  El  Dorado  County 134 

25.  Alpine  clirome  claim  of  Hoff  group.  El  Dorado  County 135 

26.  Clirome  mines  on  the  Pilliken  property.  El  Dorado  County 138 

27.  Chromite  concentrating  mill  of  Placer  Chrome  Company  at  Rattlesnake  Bar, 

El  Dorado  County 142 

28.  Black   Diamond   chrome   mine,    Glenn   County 147 

29.  Open  cut  at  Lucky  Strike  clirome  mine.   Lake  County 150 

30.  Ore  ready  for  shipment  at  Fuqua  and  Bell  chrome  mine.  Lake  County 150 

31.  Summit  of  Red  Mountain,  Mendocino  County 152 

32.  Asbil  &  Guthrie  clirome  claims,  Mendocino  County 153 

3  3.      Large    croppings    of    serpentine    impregnated    witli    chromite.    Red    Mountain, 

Mendocino  County 154 

34.  Tunnel  at  Noble  Electric  Steel  Company's  Red  Mountain  lease 155 

35.  Concentrating  chrome  ore  near  Sugarpine  mill.  Placer  County 164 

36.  McCarty  chromite  deposit  on  Feather  River,  Plumas  County 165 

36a.   The    50-ton    concentrating   mill    of    the    California    Chrome    Company    at    the 

Castro  mine,    San   Luis   Obispo 169 

37a.   Concentrating  plant    (^50  tons)   of  Union  Chrome  Company  at  Norcross  mine, 

San  Luis  Obispo  County 174 

37.  Pick  and  Shovel  chrome  mine,  San  Luis  Obispo  County 175 

38.  Trucks  at  Gibson  Siding  hauling  chromite  ore  from  Forest  Queen  mine,  Shasta 

County -.- -   182 

39.  Edge  of  caved  ground  at  surface  of  Little  Castle  Creek  mine,  after  e-xtraction 

of  tlie  ore  by  caving  system 183 

40.  Aerial   tramway  at  Little  Castle  Creek  mine 185 

41.  Ford-motor    locomotive    and    train    (30"    gauge)    for    hauling   chromite,    near 

Dunsmuir 186 

4  2.     Jig  used  for  concentrating  low-grade  chromite  at  Little  Castle  Creek  mine  of 

California  Chroine  Company 187 

43.  Loading  bunker  for  cliromite  ore  at  Little  Castle  Creek,  near  Dunsmuir 191 

44.  Upper  working  of  Coggins  clirome  mine,  near  Dunsmuir,  Siskiyou  County 192 

45.  'Bean'  ore  at  Coggins  clirome  mine,  showing  effect  of  weathering  on  dissemi- 

nated chromite   ore 193 

46.  Cliromite  workings  on  Dexter  Ranch,  near  Montague,  Siskiyou  County 195 

47.  Chromite   sacked,    ready  for   shipment,   from  the   Lighthill   Ranch,  near  Fort 

Jones,   Siskiyou  County 196 

48.  Cut  in   .serpentine,  from  whicli  a  small  lens   (35  tons)   of  high-grade  chromite 

was  taken,  at  the  Grouse  Creek  mine,  Siskiyou  County 197 

49.  Tlie    Clirome   Mine    (Bingham   Group),   main   cut   and   stope,    near   Callahan, 

Siskiyou  County 200 

50.  Meeker  clirome  mine,  near  Camp  Meeker,  Sonoma  County 2  02 

51.  Elder    Creek    clirome    mine    of    tlie    Noljle    Electric    Steel    Company,    Tehama 

County 208 

Map— Plates 

I.     Outlini'   map  of  California    sliowing   locations   of  cliromium   and  manganese 

dejiosits 13 

11.     Map    of    a    portion    of    Central    Califoi'nia    showing   locations    of    deposits   of 

cliiomiuni.  ma.gnesite  and  niangaiiese : 24 

HI.      Locations  of  chrome  ore  depo.'iits  in  San  Luis  O))ispo  County 167 

IV.     Sketch  plan  of  underground  workings.   New  London  clirome  mine,  San  Luis 

Obispo  County 172 

V.     Sections  of  chromite  deposit  on  Little  Castle  Creek,  Shasta  County : 1S4 


LETTER  OF  TRANSMITTAL. 

To  His  Excellency,  the  Honorable  Wh^liam  D.  Stephens, 
Governor  of  California. 

Sir:  As  stated  under  date  of  October  15,  1917,  in  transmitting  Pre- 
liminary Report  No.  3  on  INlanganese  and  Chromium,  there  is  a  serious 
shortage  of  these  metals  in  the  United  States  at  the  present  time.  As 
they  are  both  vitally  necessary  in  the  steel  industry,  their  adequate  pro- 
duction has  become  a  matter  of  no  little  concern  from  the  standpoint  of 
the  successful  completion  of  the  war  in  which  the  Nation  is  now 
engaged. 

The  contents  of  the  accompanying  bulletin  represent  the  labors  of  five 
trained  field  assistants  of  this  Bureau,  who  were  delegated  to  carry  on 
this  work  early  in  the  summer  of  1917.  These  data  make  up  an  inven- 
tory of  California's  manganese  and  chrome  resources,  and  an  attempt 
has  been  made  to  set  forth  facts  relative  to  the  location  of  all  deposits 
of  these  metals  and  to  present  information  which  will  assist  in  making 
them  available  for  early  development  and  utilization.  It  is  believed 
that  material  assistance  will  be  hereby  rendered  to  the  government  of 
the  United  States,  as  well  as  to  all  of  the  parties  interested  in  the 
development  of  this  branch  of  the  mining  industry  in  California. 

Respectfully  submitted. 

Fletcher  Hamilton, 
August,  1918.  State  Mineralogist. 


FOREWORD. 

The  occurrence  of  manganese  and  chromium  ores  in  California  has 
long  been  known,  and  a  small  production  of  each  has  been  reported  to 
the  State  JNIining  Bureau  since  as  early  as  1887.^  Previous  to  the  war 
with  Germany,  however,  the  necessary  supplies  of  these  materials  which 
are  mainly  utilized  in  the  steel  producing  centers  of  the  East,  were 
imported  from  foreign  sources  at  a  cost  which  made  competition  by 
California  producers  impossible  because  of  the  long  railroad  haul  and 
the  high  freight  rate  from  the  Pacific  coast. 

Foreign  supplies  are  now  considerably  curtailed,  however,  and 
sources  which  might  otherwise  be  available  are  reached  with  dilficulty 
on  account  of  lack  of  ocean  transportation.-  As  a  result,  the  search  for 
manganese  and  chromium,  not  only  in  California,  but  in  other  sections 
of  the  United  States,  has  been  carried  on  in  a  manner  unprecedented  in 
the  history  of  the  Nation. 

As  the  production  of  a  sufficient  supply  of  these  minerals  is  not  only 
important  to  the  development  of  the  mining  industry  of  this  state,  but 
has  assumed  the  position  of  a  national  necessity,  the  Bureau  has  made 
every  effort  to  correlate  the  following  data  in  the  most  efficient  manner 
possible,  without  undue  loss  of  time  in  making  the  report  available.  The 
subject  matter  is  offered  iu  two  parts.  Part  I  being  devoted  to  Manga- 
nese and  Part  II  to  Chromium,  and  these  divisions  have  been  further 
subdivided  into  chapters  according  to  the  various  counties  in  which 
deposits  of  these  minerals  occur,  arranged  alphabetically  for  convenience 
in  reference. 

C.  A.  Waring  visited  the  properties  in  the  Sierra  Nevada  mountain 
counties ;  W.  B.  Tucker  covered  the  district  south  of  the  Sixth  Stand- 
ard Parallel;  and  E.  Huguenin  visited  many  Coast  Range  properties. 
The  other  authors  visited  many  widely  separated  properties  between 
San  Luis  Obispo  County  and  the  Oregon  line. 

ACKNOWLEDGMENT. 

Uniform  courtesy  was  extended  to  the  various  field  assistants  engaged 
in  this  work  by  owners  and  operators  of  mines  throughout  the  state, 
and  grateful  acknowledgment  is  hereby  made  for  this  co-operation, 
without  which  satisfactory  results  could  not  possibly  have  been  attained. 

Assistance  has  been  received  from  various  members  of  the  U.  S. 
Bureau  of  Mines  and  the  U.  S.  Geological  Survey  by  exchange  of  various 


>For  tables  of  annual  protluction  of  these  minerals,  see  pp.  100  and  226,  post. 
-See  supplementary  statement  on  p.  22  7,  post,  relative  to  late  break  in  the  chromite 
market. 


8  CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 

data  relative  to  the  subject  in  hand,  and  it  is  a  jjleasure  to  hereby 
acknowledge  the  aid  thus  received. 

Notes  kindly  furnished  by  members  of  the  staff  of  the  Department 
of  Geology  of  the  University  of  California  have  helped  to  make  the 
report  on  manganese  more  comprehensive  than  would  otherwise  have 
been  possible.  Special  thanks  in  this  connection  are  due  Professor 
Geo.  D.  Louderback  and  his  assistants,  Messrs.  E.  F.  Davis,  F.  L.  Hud- 
son and  N.  H.  Taliaferro. 


Part  I. 

MANGANESE. 


IiNTRODUCTION. 

By  C.  A.   Logan. 

Uses  of  Manganese  and  Grades  of  Ore  Required. 

The  paramount  use  for  llie  inetal,  which  overshadows  all  other 
requirements,  is  in  steel  making.  In  small  percentage  manganese 
serves  to  remove  sulphur  and  oxygen,  preventing  brittleness  and  elim- 
inating "blow  holes."  In  larger  percentage  as  a  constituent  of  the 
steel,  it  imparts  toughness  and  hardness.  Two  classes  of  manganese- 
iron  alloys  are  made  for  use  in  steel.  Ferro-manganese  contains  70% 
to  80%  manganese,  15%  to  207c  iron  and  5%  or  6%  carbon.  A  high 
grade  manganese  ore,  containing  preferably  45%  or  more  of  manga- 
nese, not  over  .225%  phosphorus  and  as  little  silica,  iron  and  other 
impurities  as  possible,  is  desired  in  making  it,  1)ut  ore  carrying  less 
than  40%  manganese  can  be  used,  and  if  the  metallic  manganese  con- 
tent is  high  enough,  as  much  as  25%  silica  is  accepted  subject  to 
penalty  for  each  per  cent  of  silica  over  8%.  INIakers  of  ferro-man- 
ganese by  the  electric  smelting  method  can  use  ore  lower  in  manganese 
and  higher  in  silica  than  can  others ;  Noble  Electric  Steel  Co.^  stated 
under  date  of  April  27,  1918,  that  they  could  use  certain  ores  carrying 
as  low  as  36%  Mn,  with  silica  not  over  ^  the  metallic  manganese  con- 
tent, and  iron  not  over  10%.  Where  the  silica  content  is  under  8% 
and  5%  a  bonus  of  50^  to  $1  a  ton  is  quoted.  For  making  spiegel- 
eisen,  lower  grade  ore  is  allowable.  This  alloy  carries  15%  to  20% 
manganese,  about  5%  carbon  and  the  balance  chietly  iron;  any  ore 
which  gives  these  proportions  and  is  not  otherwise  objectionable  may 
be  used.  Ores  as  low  as  5%  jMn  are  used  in  "high  manganese"  pig 
iron.  Ores  of  less  than  35%  Mn  content  are  classed  as  low  grade,  or 
as  manganiferous  iron  or  silver  ore,  as  the  case  may  be.  Such  ores 
are  produced  annually  in  this  country  to  the  extent  of  about  1,000,000 
tons,  of  which  6%  to  8%  contains  over  15%  manganese.  The  June, 
1918,  production  of  ferro-manganese  Avas  29,568  long  tons  and  of 
spiegeleisen,  16,398  tons,  according  to  Iron  Age.  Efforts  are  being 
made  to  have  manufacturers  make  spiegeleisen  as  much  as  possible. 
Noble  Electric  Steel  Company  was  making  ferro-manganese  in  Cali- 
fornia in  June  at  the  rate  of  1.000, 000  pounds  a  month,  utilizing  ores 
from  California  mines. 

'Cal.    state   Min.    Bur.:    Preliminary   Rep.    3,    191S. 


10  CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 

For  making  dry  batteries  over  20,000  tons  of  high-grade  ore  are 
reported  annually  consumed  in  this  country.  Specifications  for  this 
use  call  for  a  high  content  of  available  oxygen,  which  is  not  always 
found  Avith  a  high  metallic  manganese  content.  The  content  of  man- 
ganese dioxide  should  be  80%  or  more.  Any  other  mineral  is  of  no 
use.  Cobalt,  nickel  and  copper  are  harmful  even  in  the  smallest 
quantity,  and  more  than  2%  iron  is  not  wanted,  although  not  proven 
objectionable.  For  glass  making  an  ore  of  similar  tenor  to  the  above 
is  required.     Pyrolusite  is  the  best  ore  for  such  uses. 

Smaller  quantities  of  manganese  are  used  to  make  pigments  in 
paint,  coloring  for  pottery,  in  varnish  and  as  a  drier  in  paints,  for 
medicinal  uses  and  for  fertilizers.  Manganese  bronze  is  used  in  mak- 
ing ship  propellers  because  of  the  resistance  to  corrosion  by  sea  water. 

The  price  established  May  29,  1918,  by  the  government  for  manga- 
nese ore  containing  35%  to  54%  metallic  manganese  is  from  86^  to 
$1.30  a  unit  (one  per  cent),  f.  o.  b.  South  Chicago.  A  penalty  of  50^; 
to  $1  a  ton  is  levied  for  excess  silica  above  8%  up  to  25%,  with  a 
corresponding  bonus  for  ore  carrying  less  than  8%  silica.  The  other 
impurities  which  are  objectionable  in  manganese  ores  for  metallurgical 
use  are  absent  from  California  ore,  or  present  in  such  small  quantity 
as  to  be  negligible. 

SOURCES  OF  WORLD'S  MANGANESE. 
Production  of  manganese  ores  in  California  has  been  effectually 
prevented  in  the  past  by  cost  of  mining,  prohibitive  cost  of  delivering 
ore  at  the  market  and  character  of  our  local  deposits,  which  have 
seldom  appeared  of  sufficient  size  or  grade  to  warrant  expensive  devel- 
opment. These  conditions  under  which  the  domestic  producer  labors 
will  be  made  clearer  by  brief  consideration  of  the  chief  producers 
abroad. 

Manganese  in  Russia. 

The  principal  district  is  in  the  government  of  Kutais,  near  the 
village  of  Chiaturi  on  the  southwest  side  of  the  Caucasus  Mountains.- 
The  ore  occurs  as  a  bedded  deposit  in  brown  Miocene  sandstone,  which 
lies  nearly  horizontal.  The  ore  has  been  opened  on  seven  mountains 
which  are  residual  spurs  left  by  Kvrilli  River  and  its  tributaries. 
The  total  mineralized  area  is  said  to  be  55  square  miles,  of  which  22 
square  miles  are  underlain  by  available  ore.  A  thickness  of  six  or 
seven  feet  is  mined.  The  ore  reserve  was  estimated  by  Drake  to  be 
at  least  80,000,000  long  tons,  and  it  was  l)eing  mininl  in  1913  at  the 
rate  of  about  1,000,000  long  tons  yearly.     Tlie  chief  ore  is  pyrolusite. 


2Drake,  Frank,  Manganese  ore  industry  oi'  the  Caucasus;  Trans.  A.  I.  M.  E.,  vol.  28, 

1898. 


MANGANESE   AND    CPIROMIUM.  11 

which  powders  excessively  in  course  of  shipment.  Ore  is  often  inter- 
calated with  the  sandstone.  The  product  exported  runs  from  46%  to 
56%  Mn,  .16%)  phosphorus,  and  less  than  8%  silica.  Miners  received 
40^  a  day.  Ore  is  extracted  by  drifting  on  the  bed  and  pillars  are  left 
with  little  timber  and  no  powder  required.  Ore  cost  92^  a  ton  at  mine 
portal,  but  outrageous  transportation  conditions  between  the  mines 
and  the  coast  brought  the  cost  to  nearly  $10  a  ton  delivered  at  English 
ports. 

Deposits  in  India.^ 

Harder  cites  nine  localities  in  India  where  manganese  occurs. 
Practically  all  the  important  deposits  are  said  to  be  in  pre-Paleozoic 
metamorphic  rocks.  The  ores  are  usually  interlayered  with  quartzite 
and  are  of  good  grade,  carrying  42%*  to  54%  Mn,  4%  to  10%  silica 
and  generally  not  over  .3%  P.  Production  up  to  the  beginning  of  the 
war  reached  nearly  700,000  long  tons  a  year. 

Deposits  in  Brazil. 

Since  the  opening  of  the  war  the  production  of  manganese  in  Brazil 
has  probably  doubled,  the  figure  for  1915  being  350,000  tons.^ 

In  1915,  nine-tenths  of  the  manganese  imported  into  the  United 
States  came  from  Brazil.  The  Lafayette  District  is  the  most  produc- 
tive field,  and  the  Morro  da  Mina  property  the  largest  producer. 
This  mine  yielded  200,000  tons  in  1915,  and  is  said  to  have  a  proven 
ore  reserve  of  10,000,000  tons.  The  ore  is  chiefly  psilomelane  and  is 
the  residual  product  of  decomposition  of  an  original  manganiferous 
rock  made  up  of  varying  proportions  of  manganese  carbonate  and 
silicates."  The  average  composition  of  ore  is  said  to  be  50.47%  Mn, 
.069%  P,  1.76%  SiOo. 

Other  Foreign  Deposits. 

During  the  period  of  20  years  ending  in  1905  considerable  manga- 
nese ore  was  shipped  to  this  country  from  Chile.  E.  C.  Harder^  gives 
the  amount  as  over  500,000  tons.  This  ore  was  driven  otf  the  market 
by  the  opening  of  deposits  in  India.  The  Chilean  deposits,  as  de- 
scribed by  Harder,  appear  in  most  respects  similar  to  our  own  Coast 
Range  deposits ;  they  are  relatively  narrow  ore-bodies  in  chert  which  is 
of  approximately  the  same  age  as  the  Franciscan  of  California, 

The  richest  cargo  of  manganese  ore  received  in  the  United  States 
is  said  to  have  been  a  shipload  of  1400  tons  shipped  in  1896  from  the 


^Trails.   A.  I.  M.   E.   1917,  p.   40. 

^L.  L.  Feimor:    Manganese  Ore  Deposits  of  India.    Memoirs,  Geol.  Sur.  India,  Vol.  37. 
Brazil:   Trans.  A.  I.  M.  K..   lit  17. 

•''Singewald  and  Miller,  The  manganese  ores  of  tlie  Lafayette  district,  Minas  Geraes, 

'\Singewald  and  Miller-.     Opus  cit.  page  18. 

•Manganese  Ores  of  Kussia,  India,  Brazil  and  Chile.     Trans.  A.  I.  M.  E.    1917. 


12  CALIFORNIA   STATE   MINING   BUREAU. 

Nispero  and  Soledad  mines  in  Panama.*  It  averaged  57.5%  Mn, 
4.18%  SiOo  and  .054%  P.  The  deposits  are  in  pockets,  sometimes 
containing  as  much  as  500  tons  of  ore,  and  lying  in  clay,  which  is 
said  to  be  the  result  of  decomposition  in  place  of  the  original  sedi- 
mentary rock. 

Deposits  in  the  United  States. 

Harder^  characterizes  the  deposits  of  manganese  in  this  country  as 
largely  secondary  concentration  deposits.  The  deposits  in  the  Coast 
Kanges  of  California  do  not  belong  in  this  category,  as  will  be  indi- 
cated later. 

The  principal  geological  horizons  in  which  manganese  occurs  in  the 
United  States  are  the  Cambrian,  Silurian  and  Carboniferous.  The 
original  deposition  of  the  manganese  is  held  to  have  occurred  in  still 
Avater.  usually  in  association  with  limestones  and  shales.  The  decom- 
position of  these  rocks  to  clays  was  accompanied  by  the  concentra- 
tion of  the  manganese  in  nodides  and  pockets.  This  applies  to  the 
deposits  in  Virginia,  Georgia,  Vermont  and  Arkansas,  as  well  as  to 
Canadian  deposits  in  Nova  Scotia  and  New  Brunswick. 

In  the  present  paper  these  de])osits  may  be  dismissed  with  the 
statement  that  California  leads  the  other  states  in  the  i)roduction  of 
manganese  ore  as  far  as  available  statistics  indicate.  It  must  be 
remembered,  of  course,  that  there  is  a  large  amoiuit  of  mangauiferous 
iron  ore  produced  in  the  Lake  Superior  iron  regions  which  is  utilized. 

Another  source  of  supply  will  be  the  low-grade  ore  taken  from  the 
mines  at  Butte,  Montana.  The  Anaconda  Copper  Company  plans  to 
utilize  liuildings  and  machinery  already  available,  and  newly  devel- 
oped electric  power,  for  the  manufacture  of  ferro-manganese.  Pro- 
duction is  expected  to  begin  early  in  September,  1918. 

A  surprisingly  high  percentage  of  manganese  is  carried  by  steel 
slags.  Samples  of  six  slags  turned  out  by  American  steel  makers 
carried  from  2.5%  to  50%  manganese  oxide.  The  highest  percentage 
was  from  manganese  steel  slag  from  converters,  but  basic  open  hearth 
and  bessemer  slags  carried  as  much  as  22%,  and  one  large  maker  of 
steel  and  pig  iron  claims  to  recover  regularly  10.5%  of  manganese 
from  open  hearth  slag.^"  This  slag  is  now  being  utilized  in  increasing 
quantity  liy  makers  of  ferro-manganese. 


^Cliibas,  E.  J..  Manganese  deposits  of  the  Department  of  Panama,  etc.  :  Trans. 
A.   I.   M.   B.,  vol.   2  7. 

"Harder,  E.  C,  Manganese  deposits  of  tlie  United  States:  U.  S.  Geol.  Surv.,  Bull. 
427,    1910. 

^"Mining  and   Seientific  Press,   April  6,   191S. 


13 

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389S8    p.  13 


MANGANESE   AND    CHROMIUM.  13 

DISTRIBUTION  OF  MANGANESE  DEPOSITS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 
]\[aiiganese  ores  have  been  rcpoitcHl  in  .{(i  counties  of  tlie  State,  and 
commercial  production  has  heen  made  so  far  from  two-thirds  of  these. 
The  three  principal  districts,  "which  are  distinct  geologically  as  well 
as  geographically,  are  the  Coast  Range  Belt,  the  Sierra  Nevada 
Counties  and  the  southern  desert  region.  The  Klamath  ^Mountain 
region  also  has  many  prospects  which  have  been  undeveloped  on 
account  of  their  remoteness,  but  even  here  mining  has  l)egun  and  pro- 
duction  is  expected  from  Siskiyou  County  in  litis. 

Coast  Range  Deposits. 

^Manganese  o.xides  occhi-  in  tliis  l)elt  iii\<n'ial)ly  in  tlic  Franciscan 
chert  and  there  is  a  monotonous  simihirit\'  in  the  (k^posits  from  one 
end  of  the  belt  to  the  other.  The  variations  in  size  of  ore  bodies  are 
generally  small,  and  may  be  ascribed  to  local  causes.  ^Manganese  in 
greater  or  less  amount  is  present  throughout  the  whole  extent  of  these 
Franciscan  rocks,  appearing  often  as  small  bunches,  minute  veins  or 
possibly  only  as  stains.  In  addition  to  this  multitude  of  occurrences 
AA'hich  possess  no  commercial  value,  the  Coast  Range  Belt  contains  our 
best  manganese  mines. 

Geology  of  Coast  Range  Deposits. 

]\Ianganese  in  the  Franciscan  cherts  has  evidently  been  deposited 
from  solution  simultaneously  with  the  deposition  of  the  cherty  mate- 
rial, which  occurred  either  in  quiet  water  a  long  Avay  from  shore,  or 
from  siliceous  springs.  Harder's  theory^'  that  the  manganese  oxides 
are  a  replacement  of  the  jasper  is  now  considered  untenable.  The 
manganese  ore  Avas  laid  down  as  iuterstratified  bodies  enclosed  in  the 
chert,  and  has  not  migrated  (except  in  a  very  minor  way,  as  noted 
later)  from  place,  nor  has  it  replaced  the  jasper.  The  original  man- 
ganese carlionate  or  silicate  has  been  altered  in  situ  to  oxide  by  the 
action  of  ground  water  and  other  terrestrial  agents,  apparently.  The 
only  mine  so  far  opened  to  the  limit  of  ground  water  shows  the  oxide 
ores  running  into  carbonate,  and  carbonate  ore  has  also  been  noted 
above  the  limit  of  ground  water,  for  example  at  the  ]\lount  Sanhedrin 
claims  in  IMendocino  County.  The  silicate,  rhodonite,  is  not  reported 
from  the  Coast  Ranges ;  the  siliceous  manganese  ores  so  far  found  are 
not  yet  proven  to  l)e  definite  manganese  silicates  and  have  not  been 
definitel}'  named.  The  ore  of  shipping  grade  merges  gradually  into 
the  siliceous  wall  rock  without  definite  lines  of  separation.  The  wall 
surrounding  the  ore  is  often  stained  black,  and  this  stained  chert  is 
very  deceiving  to  the  uninitiated  prospector,  who  is  led  to  think  he 
has  a  larger  ore  body  than  is  usually  the  case.     The  weight  of  the 


"Harder,  E.   C,  Manganese  deposits  of  the  United  States:  U.   S.   Geol.   Surv.   Bull. 
427,   1910. 


12 

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427,    !■ 


MANGANESE    AND    CIIROMHIM.  13 

DISTRIBUTION  OF  MANGANESE  DEPOSITS  IN  CALIFORNIA. 

Manganese  ores  have  been  rcpoilcd  in  .'Jti  couiilics  o['  llie  State,  and 
commercial  production  lias  l)een  made  so  far  fi-oin  two-thirds  of  these. 
The  three  principal  districts,  which  are  distinct  geolo*j;ically  as  well 
as  geographically,  are  the  Coast  Range  Belt,  the  Sierra  Nevada 
Counties  and  the  southern  desert  region.  The  Klamath  ^Mountain 
region  also  has  many  prospects  which  have  been  undeveloped  on 
account  of  their  remoteness,  but  even  here  niiinng  has  Ix'gun  and  pro- 
duction is  expected  from  Sislciyou  County  in  1!)18. 

Coast  Range  Deposits. 

Manganese  oxides  occur  in  tliis  belt  invaciably  in  the  Franciscan 
chert  and  there  is  a  monotonous  simihirity  in  the  dei)osits  from  one 
end  of  the  belt  to  the  other.  The  variations  in  size  of  ore  bodies  are 
generally  small,  and  may  be  ascribed  to  local  causes.  Manganese  in 
greater  or  less  amount  is  present  throughout  the  whole  extent  of  these 
Franciscan  rocks,  appearing  often  as  small  bunches,  minute  veins  or 
possibly  only  as  stains.  In  addition  to  this  multitude  of  occurrences 
which  possess  no  commercial  value,  the  Coast  Range  Belt  contains  our 
best  manganese  mines. 

Geology  of  Coast  Range  Deposits. 

]\Ianganese  in  the  Franciscan  cherts  has  evidently  been  deposited 
from  solution  simultaneously  with  the  deposition  of  the  cherty  mate- 
rial, which  occurred  either  in  cpiiet  water  a  long  way  from  shore,  or 
from  siliceous  springs.  Harder 's  theory^^  that  the  manganese  oxides 
are  a  replacement  of  the  jasper  is  now  considered  untenable.  The 
manganese  ore  was  laid  down  as  interstratified  bodies  enclosed  in  the 
chert,  and  has  not  migrated  (except  in  a  very  minor  way,  as  noted 
later)  from  place,  nor  has  it  replaced  the  jasper.  The  original  man- 
ganese carbonate  or  silicate  has  been  altered  in  situ  to  oxide  by  the 
action  of  ground  water  and  other  terrestrial  agents,  apparently.  The 
only  mine  so  far  opened  to  the  limit  of  ground  water  shows  the  oxide 
ores  running  into  carbonate,  and  carbonate  ore  has  also  been  noted 
above  the  limit  of  ground  water,  for  example  at  the  Blount  Sanhedrin 
claims  in  IMendocino  County.  The  silicate,  rhodonite,  is  not  reported 
from  the  Coast  Ranges;  the  siliceous  manganese  ores  so  far  found  are 
not  yet  proven  to  be  definite  manganese  silicates  and  have  not  been 
definitely  named.  The  ore  of  shipping  grade  merges  gradually  into 
the  siliceous  wall  rock  without  definite  lines  of  separation.  The  wall 
surrounding  the  ore  is  often  stained  black,  and  this  stained  chert  is 
very  deceiving  to  the  uninitiated  prospector,  who  is  led  to  think  he 
has  a  larger  ore  body  than  is  usually  the  case.     The  Aveight  of  the 


"Harder,  E.   C,  Manganese  deposits  of  the  United   States:  U.   S.   Geol.   Surv.   Bull. 
427,    191U. 


14  CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 

liaud  specimen,  the  luster,  hardness,  manner  of  fracturing,  and  color 
of  the  streak  left  when  the  specimen  is  sera t died  by  steel,  are  dis- 
tinguishing characteristics. 

Psilomelane  is  the  chief  mineral  in  ore  of  higher  grade.  This  min- 
eral has  an  unmistakable  bluish  black  color  when  of  good  grade.  It 
is  scratched  with  difficulty  by  steel  and  has  a  shiny,  dark  streak.  It 
occurs  massive,  is  very  heavy  and  has  a  conchoidal  fracture.  It  does 
not  have  a  definite  composition  and  in  the  California  deposits  always 
has  one  or  both  of  the  softer  oxides,  pyrolusite  and  wad,  associated 
with  it,  as'  powdery  fillings  in  seams  and  cavities.  One  mine  in  San 
Luis  Obispo  Countj^  is  producing  hausmannite.  This  is  chocolate 
brown,  has  a  rusty  yellowish  brown  streak,  granular  structure,  and 
hardness  of  5.5.  It  is  an  anhydrous  oxide,  Mn^O^,  which  changes  by 
hydration  to  psilomelane.  California  oxide  ore  is  seldom  crystalline 
or  of  definite  chemical  composition,  and  the  application  of  a  mineral 
name  to  it  can  only  be  approximate.  Louderl)ack'-  states  that  iron 
rarely  exceeds  2%  in  Coast  Kange  ore;  phosi^horus  and  sulphur  are 
either  very  low  or  absent,  and  silica  is  apt  to  run  from  10%  to  20% 
in  ores  which  carry  40%  to  45%  manganese.  The  latter  is  the  only 
impurity  causing  any  difficulty,  and  of  course  is  of  constant  occur- 
rence. 

The  cases  where  manganese  oxide  occurs  deposited  secondarily  from 
solution  after  migration  through  cracks,  fault  planes  or  along  eon- 
tacts,  are  of  no  importance  in  our  Coast  Range  deposits.  Sometimes 
the  multitude  of  tiny  cross  fractures  in  thin-bedded  chert  have  been 
traversed  by  ground  water,  carrying  manganese  oxide  which  was 
deposited  as  a  very  thin,  evenly  distributed  film  on  all  the  surfaces 
of  the  chert. 

Southern  Coast  Counties. 

Santa  Barbara  County  has  some  small,  remote  prospects  about  ten 
miles  from  Los  Olivos  where  a  few  tons  of  ore  are  reported,  but  no 
shipments  have  been  made  yet. 

In  San  Luis  Obispo  County  lenses  of  chert  occur  at  frequent  inter- 
vals in  the  Franciscan  area  which  traverses  the  Los  Osos  Mountains, 
lying  between  San  Luis  Obispo  and  the  Coast.  Manganese  occurs  in 
most  of  these  lenses  and  two  properties  have  lately  been  opened  which 
are  producing  the  highest  grade  ore  being  marketed  from  the  State. 
These  properties  are  the  southernmost  of  the  prospects  so  far  reported, 
but  the  chert  lenses  are  also  of  frequent  occurrence  throughout  the 
Franciscan  belt  which  strikes  northwest  across  the  entire  county  on 
the  west  slope  of  the  Santa  Lucia  Range,  and  no  reason  is  known  why 


^-Liouderback,    G.    D.,    California   manganese  problem :   Mining  and   Scientific   Press, 
Marcli  30,  1918. 


Manganese  and  chromium.  15 

the  productive  area  for  inangaiiese  slioiild  not  l)e  extended  by  pros- 
pecting. The  two  properties  which  are  i)roducing  are  8  and  10  miles, 
respectively,  from  San  Luis  Obispo,  the  shipping  point,  and  ore  is  hauled 
down  grade  all  the  way  in  auto  trucks.  Near  the  surface  the  ore  was 
psilomelane  chiefly,  but  at  depth  is  proving  to  be  hausma unite,  the 
anhydrous  oxide  MngO^.  Recently  the  rate  of  production  from  one  of 
these  properties  was  reported  to  be  six  to  seven  cars  monthly,  and 
production  has  also  begun  on  the  other  property.  The  best  carload 
from  the  Staneuch  deposit  carried  78.1%  MnO^.  (See  description 
under  San  Luis  Obispo  County  for  complete  analysis.) 

Other  prospects  have  been  noted  at  several  places  on  the  west  slope 
of  the  Santa  Lucia  Range,  but  no  work  has  been  done  yet  on  any  of 
these.  Some  of  them  have  been  turned  dowai  on  the  strength  of 
anah^ses  of  samples  taken  from  the  outcrop.  This  is  poor  practice,  to 
say  the  least.  The  opening  of  the  tw^o  good  properties  in  the  Prefumo 
Canou  District  seems  ample  incentive  for  a  closer  investigation  of 
other  known  prospects  in  the  county,  as  well  as  for  new  prospecting 
which  may  reveal  additional  possibilities. 

The  Franciscan  area  extending  northw^estward  into  Monterey 
County  traverses  a  rough  and  sparsely  settled  district  along  the  coast, 
w^here  only  one  prospect  had  been  reported  to  date. 

Counties  West  of  San  Joaquin  Valley. 

Franciscan  rocks  form  the  upper  portions  of  the  Diablo  Range, 
which  extends  northw^estward  along  the  line  between  San  Benito  and 
Merced  Counties.  These  Franciscan  rocks  cover  also  the  eastern 
hilly  portions  of  Santa  Clara  and  Alameda  Counties,  the  southwest 
corner  of  San  Joaquin  and  the  western  part  of  Stanislaus.  All  these 
counties  have  producing  manganese  mines  or  promising  prospects. 
These  properties  are  geologically  similar  in  all  respects  to  the  other 
Coast  Range  deposits. 

Production  has  been  made  to  date  from  only  one  of  the  properties 
in  San  Benito  and  Merced  Counties.  This  is  the  Hendricks  Mine,  21 
miles  east  of  Tres  Pinos.  Other  prospects  in  the  district  are  best 
reached  by  road  from  that  town,  which  is  the  railroad  terminal.  They 
lie  along  the  summit  of  the  range  at  distances  of  from  18  to  30  miles 
from  the  town  and  in  most  cases  would  require  s.ome  road  building 
before  ore  could  be  taken  out.  Aside  from  this,  roads  are  good  and 
favor  traffic  to  Tres  Pinos.  The  Briggs  Mine,  26  miles  from  town, 
makes  a  promising  showing.  Other  prospects  have  been  leased  lately. 
The  climate  is  very  mild  here  and  rainfall  is  light,  offering  only  tem- 
porary interruption  to  work  or  hauling. 


16  CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 

The  manganese  properties  of  Santa  ('lara,  Alameda,  San  Joaquin 
and  Stanislaus  Counties  are  grouped  in  a  rather  small  area  where  the 
four  counties  corner  in  rough,  hilly  country. 

Livermore  is  the  shipping  point  for  most  of  the  properties  in  Santa 
Clara  County,  but  a  narrow  guage  railroad  from  Patterson  runs  near 
some  of  them.  The  total  production  from  this  county  for  the  past 
two  years  has  been  about  800  tons  from  seven  properties.  The  haul 
to  Livermore  ranges  from  25  to  35  miles.  The  Patterson  and  Wcjsteni 
railroad  offers  facilities  which  have  stimulated  ]U'ospecting  near  its 
western  terminus,  but  i)roducti<)n  has  been  small  there  so  far. 

Production  from  Alameda  County  in  l!)l(i  and  1!)17  totalled  a])()nt 
170(1  tons,  taken  largely  from  two  or  Ihrce  proixTt ics  on  ]\Ian  Ridge, 
while  smaller  yield  was  made  by  several  others.  The  properties  lie 
from  9  to  22  miles  southeast  of  Livermore.  Rainy  weather  in  the 
higher  sections  interrupts  hauling. 

The  largest  producer  and  the  pioneer  in  manganese  mining  in  the 
State  is  the  Ladd  .Mine  in  San  Joaquin  County.  Total  production  here 
to  date  has  been  over  15,000  tons  and  there  is  still  a  good  reserve  of 
ore.  Except  for  its  size,  this  property  is  not  considered  different 
geologically  from  other  Coast  Range  deposits.  It  is  the  only  one 
in  the  State  ecjuipped  with  crushing  and  screening  machinery.  Just 
.south  and  east  of  the  Ladd  Mine  a  large  lens  of  manganese  ore  pro- 
duced about  8000  tons  in  1916.  These  properties  are  two  to  three 
miles  from  ]\Ianganese  Station  on  the  "Western  Pacific  Railway.  Both 
are  maintaining  a  satisfactory  output. 

Stanislaus  County's  production  has  been  about  1000  tons  in  the 
past  two  years,  and  has  been  chietiy  from  two  properties.  Vernalis, 
the  principal  shipping  point,  is  14  or  15  miles  distant.  Some  new 
development  is  promised  from  properties  on  ]Mt.  Oso,  and  the  outlook 
is  generally  good  for  augmented  production  in  1918, 

Coast  Ranges  North  of  San  Francisco  Bay. 

This  grou})  includes  Marin,  Sonoma,  Napa,  Lake,  ]\Iendocino  and 
part  of  IIum])oldt  (^ounties.  Lake  and  Sonoma  have  yielded  a  few 
hundred  tons.  Mendocino  was  the  leading  producer  in  the  State  in 
1915,  with  nearly  8000  tons  reported,  second  in  1916  with  over  1700 
tons,  and  third  in  1917,  with  over  1500  tons.  Most  of  this  ore  has 
come  from  two  properties :  the  Thomas  Mine,  and  the  Foster  Mountain 
Mine.  Ore  from  the  former  is  hauled  6  miles  to  Redwood  Station  at 
a  cost  of  $3.00  a  ton ;  from  the  latter,  a  14  mile  haul  to  Willits  costs 
$7.00  a  ton.  Remoteness  from  transportation  hinders  the  develop- 
ment of  many  other  properties.  Among  these  may  be  mentioned  the 
prospects  on  Mt.  Sanhedrin,  25  miles  east  of  Willits,  where  both  oxide 


MANGANESE    AND    CHROMIUM.  17 

and  carbonate  ores  liave  been  fonnd.  Two  deposits  in  lIunil)oklt 
County  began  production  in  June,  ]f)18.  Ore  is  hauled  to  Carlotta 
and  Ft.  Seward,  and  several  carloads  are  said  to  have  been  shipped 
already.  There  are  a  few  undeveloped  manganese  prospects  3  or  4 
miles  from  the  railroad  in  the  southwestern  part  of  Trinity  County 
Avhieh  properly  belong  in  the  Coast  Range  province.  One  had  pro- 
duced a  carload  of  ore  up  to  the  end  of  1917. 

Klamath  Mountain  Region. 

This  includes  parts  of  Trinity,  Siskiyou  and  Shasta  Counties.  The 
properties  in  Trinity  County  are  about  71  miles  from  the  railroad  at 
Redding,  and  remote  from  the  wagon  road.  Some  prospecting  has 
been  done  on  two  of  them,  but  enough  ore  has  not  yet  been  developed 
to  justify  the  necessary  13  or  14  miles  of  road  to  Wildwood.  One 
property,  the  Caudwell  Prospect,  is  promising  and  is  being  prospected 
this  season.  Most  of  the  manganese  prospects  in  Siskiyou  County 
are  as  far  from  transportation  as  are  those  in  Trinity.  There  is  a 
promising  prospect  near  Sawyer's  Bar,  which  is  separated  from  the 
railroad  by  a  53-mile  haul  over  a  divide  about  6000  feet  high.  The 
writer  also  noted  several  outcrops  of  siliceous  black  oxides,  super- 
ficially of  low  grade  and  undeveloped,  on  the  Blue  Ridge  between  the 
Forks  of  Salmon  River  at  elevations  between  5000  and  6000  feet. 
Chert  occupies  a  great  deal  of  the  country  between  Tanner's  Peak, 
the  New  River  Divide  and  Orleans  Basin,  and  manganese  oxides  are 
apt  to  be  found  in  it  anywhere.  Numerous  claims  have  been  staked 
this' spring  (1918)  on  prospects  in  this  territory,  which  is  accessible 
only  by  rough  pack  trails  from  Sawyer's  Bar,  Forks  of  Salmon,  and 
Orleans.  If  any  of  these  should  be  developed  to  the  productive  stage, 
ore  would  have  to  be  packed  out,  preferably  to  Orleans,  from  which 
a  fair  road  would  permit  hauling  by  auto  trucks  during  dry  weather 
to  Korbel,  62  miles  distant.  Two  prospects  have  been  opened  east 
of  the  mountains,  one  in  Cottonwood  District  from  which  ore  can  be 
hauled  to  Ager,  and  the  other  in  Deadwood  District,  6  miles  from  Fort 
Jones;  Early  production  is  promised  from  both.  Shasta  County's 
production  of  manganese  came  from  a  siliceous  ore  body  1  mile  from 
the  Heroult  smelter,  where  an  attempt  to  make  silico-manganese  from 
the  ore  was  abandoned  as  unprofitable. 

Counties  West  of  Sacramento  Valley. 

Three  counties  in  this  group,  whose  western  portions  are  geologi- 
cally linked  with  the  Coast  Ranges,  but  which  are  easiest  reached 
from  the  east,  contain  manganese  prospects  in  the  Franciscan  cherts. 
In  Colusa  County  some  work  was  done  years  ago  on  a  prospect  near 
Fonts    Springs,    but    it    was    abandoned    without    production.      Two 

2—38958 


18  CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 

properties  in  Glenn  County,  25  and  30  miles  respectively,  west  of  Fruto, 
have  produced  a  few  hundred  tons,  and  one  of  them  is  still  active. 
Near  the  south  county  line,  just  within  Tehama  County  and  34  miles 
from  the  railroad  at  Corning,  there  are  two  undeveloped  claims  on 
which  some  work  seems  warranted,  to  judge  by  the  grade  of  material 
exposed  on  the  surface.  These  are  near  the  east  edge  of  the  Franciscan 
area  and  just  within  the  California  National  Forest.  Going  west 
toward  the  summit  of  the  divide  and  north  tow^ard  Tom  Head  Peak, 
there  are  reported  to  be  other  prospects  of  manganese.  The  country 
in  these  directions  is  rugged  and  little  frequented  except  by  stockmen. 

Sierra  Nevada  Mountain  Counties. 

In  this  group  of  counties,  manganese  properties  have  been  reported 
from  Plumas,  Butte,  Nevada,  Placer,  Amador,  Calaveras,  Tuolumne 
and  Tulare.  The  black  oxides  of  manganese  occur  commonly  in 
irregular  shaped  bodies  enclosed  in  lenses  of  quartz,  and  as  far  as 
visited  by  the  field  men  of  this  Bureau,  appear  to  differ  entirely  from 
the  Coast  Range  deposits. 

Plumas  County  has  l)een  the  largest  producer  of  the  group,  one 
property  having  yielded  over  1000  tons  and  another  over  500  tons. 
Properties  so  far  opened  are  near  Crescent  Mills,  Indian  Falls  and 
Quincy.  Only  one  of  three  properties  near  Clipper  Mills  in  Butte 
County  has  produced. 

Production  from  Nevada  County  so  far  has  been  a  few  carloads 
from  tw^o  properties,  one  7  miles  from  Colfax  near  the  west  bank  of 
Bear  River,  and  the  other  about  16  miles  from  Auburn  in  the  Lime 
Kiln  District.  A  recent  discovery  is  reported  to  have  been  made  on 
South  Yuba  River,  one  mile  from  Washington.  Geological  conditions 
are  said  to  be  similar  to  those  described  under  Placer  County,  where 
mining  is  going  on  in  a  small  way  near  the  side  of  the  road  from  Col- 
fax to  Yankee  Jim.  The  prospects  are  9^  miles  from  Colfax.  The 
mixed  hard  and  soft  black  oxides  of  manganese  are  found  in  places 
as  small,  irregular  bunches  enclosed  in  quartz  lenses  which  strike 
N.  5°  W.  and  dip  nearly  vertically,  in  conformity  with  the  enclosing 
rocks  which  have  been  altered  to  clay  at  the  surface  and  are  mapped 
as  Calaveras  formation  (Carboniferous).  Twenty  tons  of  ore  from 
one  such  prospect  was  said  to  carry  51.6%  manganese.  At  a  depth 
of  7  feet  this  ore  was  merging  into  rhodonite  and  carbonate.  The 
indications  so  far  point  to  the  probability  of  numerous  small,  super- 
ficial ore  bodies  in  this  Carboniferous  area,  which  extends  to  North 
Bloomfield.  The  long  upgrade  from  the  river  to  Colfax  gives  an 
expensive  haul  and  the  road  is  very  heavy,  though  not  absolutely 
impassable,  in  winter. 


MANGANESE    AND    CHROMIUM.  19 

Production  from  Amador  Comity  has  l)eeii  from  one  i)r()i)erty  near 
Defender.  Calaveras  has  made  no  production,  and  only  one  carload 
has  been  shipped  from  Tuolumne  County,  although  new  prospects  are 
reported  from  the  southwest  end  of  the  county,  near  the  river,  above 
Moccasin  Creek. 

Southern  California. 

The  manganese  deposits  in  the  counties  of  Inyo,  San  Bernardino, 
Los  Angeles,  Riverside  and  Imperial  are  typically  vein  deposits,  and 
of  these  the  fissure  deposits  seem  to  be  the  more  common,  although  there 
are  several  contact  deposits  described  in  the  report.  In  the  desert 
country,  intrusive  rocks  commonly  carry  the  mixed  manganese  oxides 
in  narrow,  well-defined  veins.  Psilomelane,  with  its  characteristic 
botryoidal  surface,  is  a  prominent  ore.  The  silicate  rhodonite  has 
been  noted  and  will  probably  be  found  in  greater  quantity  as  develop- 
ment at  depth  is  done.  An  interesting  type  of  deposit  is  found  in 
San  Bernardino  County  where  a  foot  of-pyrolusite  is  reported  on  a 
contact  of  limestone  and  granite.  Pyrolusite  is  also  reported  from 
the  Owl  Hole  Mine  in  that  county  in  contacts  and  as  fissure  filling 
in  a  system  of  parallel  veins  in  granite.  It  is  thought  that  the  lime- 
stone originally  covered  most  of  the  granite  and  that  the  ore  deposi- 
tion occurred  at  the  same  time  in  the  contact  and  in  the  underlying 
fissures  in  granite,  but  that  the  limestone  has  since  been  largely  re- 
moved by  erosion. 

Riverside  and  Imperial  Counties  have  been  the  principal  producers. 
The  Black  Jack  Mine  in  Riverside  County  produced  about  1500  tons 
in  1915  and  1916  and  production  was  resumed  in  1917,  the  ore  lately 
shipped  being  clean,  high-grade  oxide  carrying  from  44%  to  54% 
manganese  and  from  1%  to  6%  silica.  Mineral  Station  is  the  prin- 
cipal shipping  point  for  Riverside  County,  the  haul  being  from  2  to  23 
miles  over  desert  roads.  Glamis,  Imperial  County,  is  another  import- 
ant shipping  point. 

The  Owl  Hole  JMine  in  San  Bernardino  County  was  a  large  pro- 
ducer in  1916.  The  ore-body  is  as  much  as  6  feet  wide.  Ore  carrying 
75%  MnOo  and  less  than  1%  Fe^Og  was  shipped  for  chemical  use, 
while  lower  grade  ore  was  shipped  for  steel  making.  Riggs,  35  miles 
distant  on  the  Tonopah  and  Tidewater  Railroad,  is  the  shipping  point. 
This  property  became  active  again  in  May,  1918,  after  being  idle  in 
litigation  for  a  year. 

POSSIBILITIES  OF  CONCENTRATING  MANGANESE  ORES. 
After  rather  extensive  tests  carried  on  under  his  supervision  at  the 
University  of  California,  Professor  E.  A.  Hersam  has  recently  reviewed 
the  possibilities  of  applying  the  different  methods  of  concentration 


20  CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 

to  California  manganese  ores^^,  and  his  conclusions  are  summarized 
below. 

As  a  preliminary  step  to  concentration  by  other  means,  dry  crush- 
ing and  screening  was  tried.  It  was  found  that  the  finer  material 
was  usually  richer  than  the  coarser,  at  any  stage,  in  the  case  of 
pyrolusite  or  other  soft  oxide  ore,  but  not  in  the  case  of  the  carbonate 
and  some  silicate  ores.  The  separation  was  in  no  case  sufficiently 
clean  to  be  termed  concentration. 

Gravity  concentration  tests  were  not  very  satisfactory.  The  man- 
ganese minerals  as  a  whole  are  not  greatly  superior  in  density  to  the 
gangue  minerals ;  manganese  minerals  generally  slime  excessively  in 
crushing,  and  are  usually  not  well  separated  from  the  gangue.  Be- 
cause of  these  facts,  wet  concentration  is  apt  to  be  imperfect,  yielding 
a  large  proportion  of  a  middlings  product  which  is  hard  to  handle. 
The  only  ores  which  appear  susceptil)le  to  this  mode  of  treatment  are 
hard,  pure  ores  which  will  break  free  from  gangue. 

Author's  Note:  Certain  of  the  Southern  CaHfornia  deposits,  where  high  grade 
ore  occurs  in  narrow  but  well-dolini'd  veins  and  stringers,  divided  sharply  from  the 
wall  rocks,  appear  to  be  tlie  most  promising  for  tests  of  this  kind.  Concentration 
tests  are  now  being  made  in  tlie  south  on  suili  ore  from  Riverside  County. 

Flotation  and  electro-static  separation  were  not  successful,  ])ut  mag- 
netic separation  seems  to  have  possibilities.  Experiments  l\v  this 
method  on  a  carbonate  ore  gave  a  concentrate  carrying  38.6%  man- 
ganese and  a  recovery  of  96.7%.  The  same  method  applied  after 
roasting  the  ore  gave  a  recovery  of  93.4%  in  a  concentrate  carrying 
50.9%  manganese.  Here  also,  it  was  found  that  the  hard,  high-grade 
material  Avas  readily  attracted  and  saved,  but  the  softer  particles  such 
as  pyrolusite,  and  the  minerals  which  cannot  be  cleanly  separated 
from  gangue,  gave  less  satisfactory  results.  Solution  of  the  man- 
ganese minerals  by  sidphuric  acid  and  deposition  by  electrolysis 
apparently  would  be  applicable,  as  far  as  the  extraction  obtainable 
and  equality  of  product  are  concerned. 

ELECTRIC  SMELTERS. 

The  Noble  Electric  Steel  Company  is  operating  two  electric  fur- 
naces at  their  Heroult  Smelter  in  Shasta  County,  making  ferro-man- 
ganese.  The  electrodes  used  are  12"  and  1500  k.w.  are  used  on  each 
electrode.  Furnaces  are  lined  with  silica  brick.  Power  is  obtained 
from  Northern  California  Power  Company. 

The  ores  used  come  mostly  from  Californiit,  and  the  contributing 
properties  are  scattered  from  one  end  of  the  state  to  the  other.  The 
company  develops  many  properties  and  also  buys  ores  from  producers. 
They  are  the  largest  consumers  of  California  manganese  and  the  mar- 


"Hersam,    E.    A.,    The   possible   treatment    of   manganese   ores   in    California:  Univ. 
Calif.  Publ.  Engin.     Vol.   2,  No.   1,   1918. 


MANGANESE    AND    CHROMIUM.  21 

];ot  for  their  product  is  well  established  in  the  east.  There  is  a  great 
variation  in  ore,  but  a  general  average  is  40%  manganese,  16%  silica, 
1%  to  3%,  iron,  with  sulphur  and  ])hosphorus  entirely  absent  or 
present  only  in  traces.  Ore  is  delivered  by  rail  to  the  smelter  bins. 
From  the  ore  and  fluxes  the  constituents  of  the  charge  are  draw^n  into 
a  scale  car.  The  make-up  of  an  average  charge  is  a  follows  for  80% 
f  erro-manganese : 

1  Ton  50%'  manganese  ore  (Average  tenor  of  ore  is  lower). 

800#  Lime  Rock. 

60}f  Fluorspar  (shipped  from  Colorado). 

70#  Iron  Ore. 

550#  Charcoal  or  Coke   (crushed  fine). 

From  the  scale  ear  the  charge  is  dumped  down  a  gravity  chute  to 
the  furnace,  and  mixes  on  the  way,  being  also  hand  spread  in  the 
furnace.  Metal  is  tapped  every  3  hours,  at  a  temperature  of  1400°  C. 
The  button  weighs  about  1000  pounds.  Each  furnace  produces  7  to  8 
tons  of  ferro-manganese  in  24  hours.  The  product  varies  from  70% 
to  80%  manganese.     Average  content  is  said  to  be : 

F'or  70%  product  For  80c;    product 

70%;   Manganese ■_ 80% 

20%    Iron 12%, 

6%   Carbon 6% 

1%  to  3%   Silicon 1%  to  3%, 

Phosphorus  and  suljihur  absent,  or  only  as  traces. 

A  recovery  of  65%  to  70%  of  the  manganese  in  the  ore  is  claimed. 
The  slag  carries  10%.  to  18%  manganese.  At  present  there  appears 
to  be  no  way  of  utilizing  this  economically.  The  lowest  grade  ore 
which  they  state  they  can  use  is  38%  manganese  and  not  over  19% 
silica.  Some  time  ago  they  tried  to  make  silico-manganese  from  ore 
mined  near  the  smelter.  This  ore  carried  20%  manganese,  34%  silica, 
6.72%  iron,  and  some  sulphur,  and  the  attempt  to  smelt  it  did  not  prove 
financially  successful. 

During  the  first  quarter  of  1918  the  smelter  treated  al)out  3000  tons 
of  California  manganese  ore.  Some  coke  made  in  California  from 
petroleum  residue  has  been  used  whenever  obtainable  at  a  price  war- 
ranting its  purchase.  The  problem  of  electrode  supply  has  been 
temporarily  solved  by  a  new  supply  from  the  east.  As  soon  as  pos- 
sible it  is  planned  to  substitute  20"  carbon  electrodes  for  12". 


22  CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 

Intermittently,  small  amounts  of  ferro-silicon  are  made  in  a  smaller 
furnace  (600  k.w.  capacity).  The  charge  for  making  75%  ferro- 
silicon  is: 

1  Ton  siliceous  material  (85%  silica,  5%-10%  iron). 

1000#  Charcoal. 

400#  Iron  ore  (local  ore  carries  68%  Fe,  1-2%-  SiO,). 

This  furnace  is  lined  with  silica.  Metal  is  tapped  at  1550°  C.  The 
market  for  this  product  is  not  regular  enough  to  justify  steady  pro- 
duction. 

Pacific  Electro  Metals  Company,  593  Market  St.,  San  Francisco, 
have  a  new  plant  at  Bay  Point  w^here  they  are  making  silico-man- 
ganese.  Some  ferro-manganese  has  been  made.  Additional  furnaces 
will  be  added  and  ferro-chrome,  ferro-nickel,  ferro-tungsten  and  ferro- 
molybdenum  may  be  made  later.  At  present  one  furnace  is  in  opera- 
tion and  can  turn  out  32  tons  silico-manganese  daily.  Another  of 
ecpial  capacity  is  pai'tly  l)uilt.  The  plant  was  designed  by  Beck- 
man  and  Linden  Engineering  (-orporation  of  San  Francisco,  and  was 
financed  by  western  capital.  California  materials  are  used,  and  it  is 
gratifying  to  note  that  the  state  is  capable  of  establishing  and  main- 
taining such  an  industry  entirely  without  assistance  from  the  east. 
With  better  transportation  conditions  and  more  cordial  co-operation 
on  the  part  of  government  agencies  it  is  said  that  progress  would  be 
better. 

The  main  furnace  building  is  of  reinforced  concrete  and  120  ft.  x  50 
ft.  The  furnace  has  a  capacity  of  3000  k.w.  and  is  3-phase  with  open 
top.  The  electrodes  are  24  inches  in  diameter,  are  hexagonal  in  shape 
and  7  feet  long.  Trouble  was  caused  at  first  by  difficulty  in  getting 
electrodes.  More  recently,  the  company  has  erected  a  plant  in  which 
experimental  work  is  going  on  in  making  electrodes  from  lamp  black 
residue  from  local  gas  plants.  Mr.  Linden  reports  (Aug.  5,  1918)  that 
the  success  of  the  process  is  assured,  and  says  that  some  electrodes 
made  in  the  plant  are  being  used  in  the  furnaces  along  with  others  of 
eastern  manufacture. 

The  charge  is  shovelled  around  the  electrodes  and  metal  is  tapped 
from  the  bottom,  the  process  being  continuous.  In  making  silico- 
manganese,  an  ore  carrying  not  less  than  40%  manganese  and  not 
over  20%  silica  is  used,  but  one  carrying  36%  manganese  and  not  over 
18%  silica  could  be  used.  The  charge  consists  of  ore,  coke  and  iron 
turnings  up  to  3"  in  diameter.  Some  of  the  coke  used  has  been  made 
locally  from  residue  of  California  oil  refineries.  The  silico-manganese 
produced  carries  50%  to  55%;  manganese,  20%  to  25%  silica,  less 
than  1%   carbon,  not  over  .18%  phosphorus  and  trace  of  sulphur. 


MANGANESE   AND    CHROMIUM.  23 

Sample  lots  of  ferro-manganese  made  in  test  runs,  carried  80%  man- 
ganese, 3%  carbon,  2%  silica,  balance  iron. 

AVith  the  completion  of  the  other  large  furnace  and  3  others  of  300 
k.w.  capacity,  the  company  will  be  in  position  to  make  the  other 
ferro-alloys.  This  plant  provides  a  market  for  such  products  as  gas 
plant  lamp  black  and  crude  oil  residue  coke,  which  have  heretofore 
been  of  little  or  no  value.  By  shipping  to  the  east  a  silico-manganese 
of  above  analysis,  there  is  also  a  saving  in  railroad  rolling  stock.  A 
much  greater  actual  Aveight  of  manganese  is  contained  in  a  carload 
of  the  silico-manganese  than  in  an  average  carload  of  crude  ore;  if 
we  consider  the  average  tenor  of  crude  ore  shipped  from  California 
mines  to  the  east  for  metallurgical  purposes  to  be  42%  manganese, 
8  carloads  of  55%  silico-manganese  would  represent  9  cars  of  crude 
ore.  This  saving  of  freight  also  ought  to  help  the  California  miner  to 
overcome  the  handicap  imposed  by  the  establishment  of  a  government 
price  on  manganese  ore,  based  on  delivery  at  South  Chicago.  The 
enterprise  certainly  deserves  co-operation  from  federal  agencies,  as 
well  as  from  local  people. 


24  CALIFORNIA    STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 

MINES. 


ALAMEDA  COUNTY. 
Tesla  District. 

South  and  east  from  Tesla  in  Alameda  County  is  an  extensive  area 
of  Franciscan  formations,  consisting  mainl}-  of  sandstones,  and  serpen- 
tine with  lenses  of  chert.  This  Franciscan  area  is  approximately  two 
townships  (12  miles)  wide  at  its  northern  edge  along  the  south  side 
of  Corral  Hollow  Creek,  and  at  three  townships  south  of  there  it  is  at 
least  three  townships  (18  miles)  wide.  (See  Map,  Plate  II.)  It  extends 
into  San  Joaquin,  Santa  Clara  and  Stani.slaus  counties.  The  main 
ridges  of  the  Diablo  Range  in  this  district  run  nearly  NE.-SW. 

Exploration  and  development  work  have  revealed  three  main  mineral- 
ized belts  in  this  area :  1.  An  eastern  belt,  largely  of  chert  and  contain- 
ing deposits  of  manganese,  some  of  them  yielding  ore  of  very  good 
grade.  This  belt  is  entirely  on  the  east  side  of  the  "Divide."  that  is, 
on  the  side  of  the  drainage  towards  the  San  Joaquin  River.  2.  A  western 
belt,  largely  of  serpentine  bodies  but  with  chert  and  sandstone  also 
present.  In  the  serpentine  are  found  the  deposits  of  magnesite,  and 
a  few  of  chromite;  while  in  the  chert,  deposits  of  manganese  have  been 
noted,  and  a  few  of  them  worked.  This  belt  follows  along  the  line  of  the 
Arroyo  Mocho  and  the  ridge  on  its  westerly  side,  but  continues  on  to  the 
southeast  beyond  the  headwaters  of  the  Arroyo  Mocho,  following  the 
Red  Mountains  divide  for  some  distance.  3.  Between  these  two  above- 
noted  belts,  at  least  in  tlie  northern  part  of  the  area  under  consideration, 
there  appears  to  be  a  third  belt,  showing  deposits  of  manganese  of  lower 
grade  than  those  of  the  other  belts. 

Llauganese  carbonate  is  found  associated  with  the  oxides,  at  several 
places  in  the  Tesla  district,  particularly  in  the  northern  part  of  the 
eastern  belt.  The  manganese  ore  bodies,  whether  veins  or  lenses, 
though  occurring  in  somewhat  regular  belts  as  noted  above,  have 
no  regularity  of  strike  nor  of  dip.  The  strikes  of  the  individual  ore 
bodies  vary  through  all  intermediate  angles  from  N.-S.  to  E.-W.  They 
occur  as  interbedded  lenses  in  jaspers  of  the  Franciscan  formation, 
varying  in  extent  and  thickness  as  well  as  character.  In  places  the  ore 
is  deposited  as  the  porous  black  dioxide,  but  often  merely  as  stains  along 
cracks  in  the  jasper. 

A  few  of  the  deposits  were  worked  in  the  seventies  and  occasional 
mining  has  been  done  since.  However,  more  of  them  are  merely  pros- 
pects and  no  large  mines  have  been  developed  except  the  Ladd  Mine  in 
San  Joaquin  County  and,  more  recently,  the  Buckeye  IMine  in  Stanislaus 
County.  The  total  production  from  1894  to  1916,  inclusive,  was  only 
5264  tons,  this  total  representing  the  output  of  several  different  deposits, 
some  of  which  are  now  exhausted. 


25 


4,  T.  4  S., 
ast  of  the 
there  is  a 
he  largest 

four  feet 
mnel  was 
developed 
■ral  strike 
St.     John 

had  been 

the  above 
opened  in 
work  has 
is  deposit 
is  jasper, 
ers  differ 
The  same 
Most  of 
lish  gray 

few  feet 
itained  in 
as  seams 
are  later 
ill  that  is 

s.    Forty 

st  of  and 

;  a  small 

T.  Over- 


.  16  miles 
.,  R.  4  E. 
ig  jasper 
pped  and 

Crocker 


PLATE   II. 


"MCOMPANYINC  BUUETlMW'' 


-T6S.B-81 


CALIFORNIA  STATE.- MINING -BUREAU' 

MAP 

OF  A  PORTION   OF 


CENTRAL  CAUFORNLV 

SHOWING  LOCATIONS  OF 

I)epositsofChroTfflum,Magrieslte&Mangaiiese 


DECEMBER, I9I7 

LEGEND 

^^^  WIMSHIP    PROP        \'''-^''-/\  CROCKER    PROP. 
•    CHROMIUM  A    MASNES1TE. 


a  CROCKER  IWIMSMIP 
^     MAM&ATIESC 


MANGANESE   AND    CHROMIUM.  25 

Bailey  Mine.      See  Newhall  Lease. 

John  Beraudiere  Mine  is  in  the  NE.  i  of  NW.  i  of  Sec.  14,  T.  4  S., 
R.  3  E.,  12  miles  southeast  of  Livermore  on  the  ridge  northeast  of  the 
Arroyo  JNIocho  at  an  elevation  of  1750  feet.  On  the  surface  there  is  a 
large  outcrop  of  jasper  heavily  stained  with  manganese.  The  largest 
of  several  open  cuts  made  here  exposed  a  bed  of  ore  about  four  feet 
wide.  Twenty-five  feet  vertically  below  the  outcrop  a  tunnel  was 
driven  60  feet  and  met  a  small  open  cut  from  the  top,  but  develoi)ed 
no  ore,  as  it  was  driven  to  one  side  of  the  deposit.  The  general  strike 
of  the  bed  is  north  and  south  with  a  dip  of  50°  to  the  east.  John 
Beraudiere  of  Livermore  is  the  owner.  Forty-seven  tons  of  ore  had  been 
produced  here  at  the  time  of  last  visit. 

Black  Jack  Mine  is  in  the  NE.  |  of  the  same  section  as  the  above 
Beraudiere  IMine  adjoining  it  on  the  southeast.  It  was  first  opened  in 
1885  and  some  small  shipments  made.  Very  little  development  work  has 
been  done  in  recent  years  and  no  ore  shipped  since  1896.  This  deposit 
is  described  by  E.  C.  Harder*  as  follows:  "The  country  rock  is  jasper, 
thin  layered  and  separated  by  seams  of  shale.  The  jasper  layers  differ 
in  thickness  from  a  fraction  of  an  inch  to  several  feet  thick.  The  same 
h\yer  varies  in  thickness,  pinching  out  locally  in  many  places.  Most  of 
the  shale  seams  are  thin.  Both  shale  and  jasper  are  greenish  gray 
except  where  stained  red  or  black  by  iron  or  manganese. 

"The  ore  occurs  in  several  interbedded  lenses  or  pockets  a  few  feet 
thick  and  of  small  extent.  It  is  a  soft,  friable  black  oxide  contained  in 
cavities  between  numerous  interesecting  quartz  seams,  or  as  seams 
intersecting  jasper  fragments.  Most  of  the  quartz  seams  are  later 
infiltrations.  *  *  *  The  deposits  commonly  have  a  footwall  that  is 
thin-bedded  and  more  shaly  than  the  hanging  wall." 

Development  consists  of  35-foot  tunnel  and  several  small  cuts.  Forty 
tons  of  ore  have  been  produced. 

There  are  several  small  croppings  on  this  propertj-  southeast  of  and 
below  the  Black  Jack.  A  couple  of  shallow  trenches  expose  a  small 
deposit  below  the  road.  It  was  idle  at  the  time  visited.  Horace  T.  Over- 
acker  of  Livermore  is  the  owner. 

Bibl.:   Bull.  38.  p.  335;  IT.  S.  G.  S.  Bull.  427.  pp.  161-162. 

Buckhorn  Claim.  Chas.  J.  Jansou  of  Livermore  has  a  claim  16  miles 
southeast  of  Livermore  on  the  Arroyo  Mocho  in  Sec.  31,  T.  -4  S.,  R.  l  E. 
A  few  shallow  cuts  have  been  made  on  a  prominently  outcropping  jasper 
ledge  exposing  some  high  grade  ore.  No  ore  has  as  yet  been  shipped  and 
only  assessment  work  done  ])y  owner. 

Camp  No.  9  (formerly  known  as  the  Merchant  Mine).  See  Crocker 
Properties. 

*U.    S.   G.    S.    Bull.,    427,   pp.    161-162. 


24 


Tesla  Distri 

South,  ar 
of  Francis( 
tine  with  1 
townships 
of  Corral  ] 
least  three 
into  San  t 
ridges  of  tl 

Explorat 
ized  belts  i: 
ing  deposit 
grade.  Th 
on  the  side 
belt,  largel 
present.  1 
a  few  of  cl 
noted,  and 
Arroyo  Moi 
southeast  1 
Red  :\Ionnt 
noted  belts, 
there  appcc 
grade  than 

Mangane 
places  in  t 
eastern  bei 
though  oc( 
no  regular] 
bodies  vary 
occur  as  h 
varying  in 
is  deposited 
cracks  in  tl 

A  few  ol 
mining  has 
pects  and  ii 
San  Joaqui 
County.  1 
5264  tons,  t 
some  of  wh 


MANGANESE    AND    CHROMIUM.  25 

Bailey  Mine.      See  Newhall  Lease. 

John  Beraudiere  Mine  is  in  the  NE.  i  of  NW.  |-  of  See.  14,  T.  4  S., 
R.  3  E.,  12  miles  southeast  of  Livermore  on  the  ridge  northeast  of  the 
Arroyo  Mocho  at  an  elevation  of  1750  feet.  On  the  surface  there  is  a 
large  outcrop  of  jasper  heavily  stained  with  manganese.  The  largest 
of  several  open  cuts  made  here  exposed  a  bed  of  ore  about  four  feet 
wide.  Twenty-five  feet  vertically  below  the  outcrop  a  tunnel  Avas 
driven  60  feet  and  met  a  small  open  cut  from  the  top,  but  developed 
no  ore,  as  it  was  driven  to  one  side  of  the  deposit.  The  general  strike 
of  the  bed  is  north  and  south  witli  a  dip  of  50°  to  the  east.  John 
Beraudiere  of  Livermore  is  the  owner.  Forty-seven  tons  of  ore  had  been 
produced  here  at  the  time  of  last  visit. 

Black  Jack  Mine  is  in  the  NE.  \  of  the  same  section  as  the  above 
Beraudiere  Mine  adjoining  it  on  the  southeast.  It  was  first  opened  in 
1885  and  some  small  shipments  made.  Very  little  development  Avork  has 
been  done  in  recent  years  and  no  ore  shipped  since  1896.  This  deposit 
is  described  by  E.  C.  Harder*  as  follows:  "The  country  rock  is  jasper, 
thin  layered  and  separated  by  seams  of  shale.  The  jasper  layers  differ 
in  thickness  from  a  fraction  of  an  inch  to  several  feet  thick.  The  same 
layer  varies  in  thickness,  pinching  out  locally  in  many  places.  jMost  of 
the  shale  seams  are  thin.  Both  shale  and  jasper  are  greenish  gray 
except  Avhere  stained  red  or  black  by  iron  or  manganese. 

"The  ore  occurs  in  several  interbedded  lenses  or  pockets  a  few  feet 
thick  and  of  small  extent.  It  is  a  soft,  friable  black  oxide  contained  in 
cavities  between  numerous  interesecting  quartz  seams,  or  as  seams 
intersecting  jasper  fragments.  Most  of  the  quartz  seams  are  later 
infiltrations.  *  *  *  The  deposits  commonly  have  a  footwall  that  is 
tliin-bedded  and  more  shaly  than  the  hanging  Avail." 

DeA'elopment  consists  of  35-foot  tunnel  and  several  small  cuts.  Forty 
tons  of  ore  haA'e  been  produced. 

There  are  several  small  croppings  on  this  propertj^  southeast  of  and 
beloAV  the  Black  Jack.  A  couple  of  shallow  trenches  expose  a  small 
deposit  beloAV  the  road.  It  was  idle  at  the  time  visited.  Horace  T.  Over- 
acker  of  Livermore  is  the  owner. 

Bibl:   Bull.  38.  p.  335;  U.  S.  G.  S.  Bull.  427,  pp.  161-162. 

Buckhorn  Claim.  Chas.  J.  Janson  of  Livermore  has  a  claim  16  miles 
southeast  of  Livermore  on  the  Arroyo  Mocho  in  Sec.  31,  T.  4  S.,  R.  4  E. 
A  few  shallow  cuts  haA-e  been  made  on  a  prominently  outcropping  jasper 
ledge  exposing  some  high  grade  ore.  No  ore  has  as  yet  been  shipped  and 
only  assessment  Avork  done  l)y  owner. 

Camp  No.  9  (formerly  knoAvn  as  the  Merchant  Mine).  See  Crocker 
Properties. 

*U.    S.   G.    S.    Bull.,    427,   pp.    161-163. 


26  CALIFORNIA   STATE   MINING   BUREAU. 

Crocker  Properties,  M.  I.  Crocker,  1023  Insurance  Exchange  Build- 
ing, San  Francisco,  owner.  These  include  a  number  of  patented  sections 
in  T.  4  and  5  S.,  R.  3  E.,  southeast  of  Livermore.  Indications  of  manga- 
nese have  been  noted  at  several  points,  but  at  only  one  so  far  has  com- 
mercial production  resulted;  that  is  at  the  old  Merchant  Mine  in  the 
NW.  I  of  Sec.  9,  T.  4  S.,  R.  3  E.,  on  the  Arroyo  Mocho  road  9  miles  from 
Livermore,  also  known  locally  as  "Camp  No.  9."  It  was  opened  first 
in  1888,  and  some  ore  shipped.  This  section  is  under  lease  to  James  J. 
Cummings,  Livermore,  Avho  began  operations  in  April,  1916,  and  he 
had  shipped  about  1000  tons  of  manganese  ore  up  to  September,  1917. 
The  vein  varies  from  6"  to  30"  in  width.  The  ore  consists  of  both 
black  oxide  and  rhodochrosite,  the  carbonate  of  manganese.  The  latter 
is  called  ' '  gray  ore ' '  by  the  miners.  The  principal  development  work  has 
been  done  through  two  adit  drifts,  one  being  about  five  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  county  road,  all  in  oxide  ore ;  and  the  second  30'-40'  below, 
in  carbonate  and  oxide  ores.    Stopes  connect  the  two. 

Crosby  Prospects.  Situated  in  SE.  i  of  SW.  i  of  Sec.  30,  T.  4  S., 
R.  3  E.,  one-half  mile  by  trail  from  the  Crosby  Ranch,  which  lies  12 
miles  from  Livermore.  Owned  by  the  Wm.  Crosby  Estate.  On  the 
northerly  prospect  a  large  block  containing  about  50  tons  of  siliceous  ore 
is  exposed  on  the  surface.  On  the  other  prospect,  about  500  feet  south 
of  the  first,  there  is  a  bed  of  massive  chert  three  feet  thick,  containing 
a  few  pockets  of  manganese  oxide.  The  northerly  prospect  promises 
to  develop  ore. 

Cummings  Lease,    See  Crocker  Properties. 

Dewhirst  Mine.  ]Mrs.  Amanda  Dew^hirst,  Livermore,  owner.  Mc- 
Donald and  Clark  of  Oakland,  lessees.  Lies  12  miles  southeast  of 
Livermore  in  NE.  1  of  SW.  ^  of  Sec.  22,  T.  4  S.,  R.  3  E.,  and  is  reached 
by  the  Cedar  Mountain  road.  A  lenticular  body  of  massive  manganese 
oxide  ore  striking  east  and  dipping  50°  south,  in  radiolarian  chert,  has 
been  exposed  in  an  open  cut  and  a  drift.  From  the  drift  ore  was  stoped 
nearly  to  the  surface.  Thirty  tons  of  ore  had  been  extracted  and 
sacked  when  the  property  was  visited. 

Donavan  Lease.     See  Winship  Properties. 

ElHs  Ranch  Deposit.  A  small  vein  of  manganese  ore  has  been 
exposed  by  an  open  cut  on  the  ranch  of  Edward  T.  Ellis,  eight  miles 
southeast  of  Livermore  on  the  Tesla  road,  in  Sec.  28,  T.  3  S.,  R.  3  E. 
Two  small  cuts,  about  ten  feet  apart,  have  been  made  on  the  vein  which 
outcrops  near  the  bottom  of  a  gulch  one-fourth  of  a  mile  south  of  the 
road.  The  ore  is  hard  and  blue  black  in  color.  Where  exposed  it  was 
about  18"  in  width."  About  ten  tons  of  good  ore  was  lying  on  the  two 
dumps.     The  property  was  idle. 


MANGANESE   AND    CHROMIUM.  27 

R.  Friggel  Prospect  is  in  the  NW.  i  of  Sec.  22,  T.  4  S.,  R.  3  E.,  near 
the  Dewhirst  ]\Iine.  Several  blocks  of  siliceous  manganese  oxide  lie  in 
the  soil  on  this  claim.  The  relation  to  the  country  rock  is  not  clear,  but 
the  manganese  is  thought  to  be  landslide  material.  No  commercial  ore 
was  seen  here. 

The  Jumbo  Prospect  lies  just  east  of  the  John  Beraudiere  Mine,  in 
the  NE.  I  of  the  NE.  i  of  Sec.  l-t,  T.  4  S.,  R.  3  E.,  and  is  held  by  the 
same  owner,  John  Beraudiere.  A  small  open  cut  and  a  short  drift 
revealed  siliceous  manganese  oxides  lying  within  grey  radiolarian  chert. 
When  visited  in  September,  1917,  the  manganese  oxides  exposed  were 
too  siliceous  to  be  of  value. 

Several  other  exposures  of  low-grade  manganese  have  been  found 
nearby,  south  of  the  Jumbo.  Some  trenching  has  been  done  on  these, 
but  no  important  orebody  has  been  uncovered. 

Kelly  Ranch  Deposit,  ]Mrs.  Kelly,  Livermore,  owner.  Holbrook  and 
]\IcGuire,  San  Francisco,  lessees.  This  property  lies  at  an  elevation 
of  1450',  in  Sec.  5,  T.  4  S.,  R.  3  E.,  one  mile  northeast  of  a  point  on 
the  Arroyo  Mocho  Road,  eight  miles  from  Livermore.  There  are  two 
bodies  of  massive  oxide  ore  here.  The  northern  ore  body  varies  from 
five  to  seven  feet  in  thickness  and  is  separated  from  the  southern  ore 
body  by  six  feet  of  barren  jasper.  The  latter  is  at  least  three  feet 
thick,  but  only  one  wall  was  exposed  in  September,  1917.  Such  ore  as 
was  in  sight  then  was  rather  siliceous. 

Merchant  Mine.     See  Crocker  Properties. 

Man  Ridge  Mine.    See  Scott  and  Winegar  Mine. 

Newhall  Manganese  Lease,  sometimes  called  the  Bailey  Mine,  is  sit- 
uated in  the  SW.  i  of  NW.  -j-  of  Sec.  10,  T.  4  S.,  R.  3  E.,  ten  miles  SE. 
of  Livermore  and  one-fourth  of  a  mile  from  the  Arroyo  Mocho  Road,  at 
an  elevation  of  2,200  feet.  The  principal  workings  are  on  the  west  side 
of  a  small  tributary  of  Arroyo  Mocho.  Here  a  body  of  manganese  oxide 
one  to  four  feet  wide  in  jasper  was  exposed.  Work  on  the  east  side  of 
the  tributary  revealed  extremely  siliceous  manganese  oxides.  The 
property  was  sub-leased  to  C.  F.  Wente  in  the  summer  of  1917.  Up  to 
September,  1917,  200  tons  had  been  produced. 

Newman  Manganese  Mine,  formerly  called  the  Estacia  or  Fratis 
Mine,  is  on  Cedar  ^Mountain,  12  miles  southeast  of  Livermore  in  Sec. 
22,  T.  4  S.,  R.  3  E.  This  deposit  has  been  worked  in  a  small  way  at  long 
intervals  since  1880.  Lenses  of  manganese  oxides  high  in  silica  occur 
interbedded  in  jasper.  The  croppings  have  a  strike  of  N.  30°  W.,  and 
dip  about  25°  SE.  Various  shallow  cuts  reveal  some  friable  black 
oxides  of  manganese  in  small  cavities  between  numerous  intersecting 
quartz  seams.     On  tlie  north  center  of  the  SW.  ^  of  the  section  a  small 


28  CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 

open  cut  exposed  two  feet  of  siliceous  ore,  probably  not  of  commercial 
grade.  Leased  to  McDonald  and  Clark  of  Oakland  in  September,  1917. 
Reay  Deposit,  W.  R.  Reay,  #800  Bush  street,  San  Francisco,  owner, 
is  in  Sec.  36,  T.  3  S.,  R.  3'  P].,  M.  D.  M.  On  a  line  between  Sec.  35  and  Sec. 
36  there  are  crnppings  of  rather  good  looking'  manganese  ore.  About  300 
yards  or  so  east  of  the  above-mentioned  occurrence  near  the  top  of  the 
ridge  and  well  within  the  boundaries  of  Sec.  36,  is  a  large  outcrop  of 
chert  mixed  with  the  black  oxide  of  manganese.  Undeveloped.  An  old 
wagon  road,  which  could  be  ])ut  in  repair  for  a  nominal  sum,  passes 
nearby  via  IMitchell  Ravine  to  Corral  Hollow  near  Carnegie,  a  distance 
of  two  and  one-half  miles.  Other  occurrences  of  manganese  have  been 
reported  from  this  section  also. 

J.  W.  Root,  Box  No.  2,  Livermore,  reports  (May,  1918)  that  he  has, 
ready  to  haul,  four  carloads  of  manganese  ore  which  he  mined  from  a 
recently  located  claim  on  Man  Ridge.  His  property  is  on  the  southwest 
side  of  the  ridge  in  either  Sec.  7  or  18  of  T.  5  S.,  R.  4  E. 

Scott  and  Wineg-ar  Mine,  sometimes  known  as  the  Man  Ridge  Mine, 

comprises  two  claims  owned  by  Chas.  Scott  and  P.  S.  Winegar  of  Liver- 
more.  Reached  by  two  and  one-half  miles  of  rough  road  connecting 
with  the  Arroyo  Mocho  Rond,  at  a  point  20  miles  southeast  of  Liver- 
more.  I'he  mine  is  near  the  summit  on  the  south  slope  of  Man  Ridge  in 
unsurveyed  land  wliich  would  be  in  Sec.  7,  T.  5  S.,  R.  4  E.  On  the  south 
side  of  a  small  knul)  tliei-e  are  some  caved  workings  from  which  the 
Noble  Electric  Steel  Company  produced  about  600  tons  of  ore  in  the 
spring  of  1917.  The  elevations  of  different  workings  vary  and  it  is  not 
clear  if  all  the  exposed  ore  is  in  the  same  or  in  diff.erent  horizons; 
some  faulting  is  seen,  however.  In  one  working  two  distinct  horizons 
of  ore  occur,  separated  by  a  few  feet  of  barren,  thin-bedded  chert. 

On  the  north  side  of  the  same  knob,  Elliott  and  Searles  of  Oakland, 
have  opened  new  workings,  from  which  350  tons  of  ore  had  l)een 
produced  up  to  October  31,  1917.  The  orebody  here  is  10'  to  12'  thick, 
but  its  relation  with  the  surrounding  cherts  is  obscured. 

Winegar  Manganese  Claim,  owned  by  H.  V.  Winegar  of  Livermore 
is  20  miles  southea.st  of  that  town,  in  the  ridge  east  of  Arroyo  Mocho 
alongside  the  Camp  Bessie  Road.  The  country  rocks  are  sandstone 
and  shale,  enclosing  a  few  stray  l)locks  of  impure  manganese  oxides. 
Development  work  consists  of  a  short  tunnel,  said  to  cut  a  lens  of 
manganese  oxide.     Vcm-v  little  work  has  been  done  here  in  recent  years. 

Winship  Properties,  K.  1).  Winship,  #350  Post  Street,  San  Francisco, 
owner.  In  Alameda  County,  near  Tesla,  these  properties  include  the 
following  sections  (See  map,  Plate  II)  which  have  manganese  prospects 
or  workings :  Sec.  35,  T.  3  S.,  R.  3  E. ;  Sec.  1  and  3,  T.  4  S.,  R.  3  E.,  Sec.  31, 


MANGANESE    AND    CHROMIUM.  29 

T.  3  8.,  K.  4  K..  M.  I).  M..  leased  to  Joseph  P.  Donavan,  Livennore. 
Soino  indications  of  manganese  liave  also  Ixn-n  noted  on  Sec.  7,  T.  4  S., 
R.  4  E.,  and  on  Sec.  7,  T.  5  S.,  7\.  4  E.  Donavan  reports  (December  10, 
]917)  that  on  Sec.  31,  above-noted,  he  has  driven  a  250-foot  crosscut, 
and  is  now  in  a  body  of  ore  of  good  grade  showing  at  least  six  feet  in 
width. 

AMADOR  COUNTY. 

The  Crocker-Preston  pi-operty  is  in  the  SW.  |  of  Sec.  35,  T.  7  N., 
R.  12  E.,  M.  D.  M.,  1|  miles  south  of  Volcano,  and  is  owned  by  ]M.  I. 
Crocker  and  J.  W.  Preston,  Jr.,  350  Post  St.,  San  Francisco.  It  is  12 
miles  from  the  railroad  at  IMartell.  There  is  a  mineralized  zone  which 
strikes  W.  of  N.,  stated  to  be  traceable  from  Volcano  for  2  miles  soutli- 
Avard,  and  was  observed  by  the  writer  at  two  points  at  least  ^  mile  apart. 
This  zone  appears  to  be  at  least  100'  wide,  and  is  on  a  contact  between 
limestone  on  the  hanging-wall  (east)  and  a  schist  on  the  west.  The  dip 
is  steep.  The  bulk  of  this  material  is  siliceous,  being  a  quartzite  of  the 
C^alaveras  series.     There  is  also  some  cpiartz-mica  schist. 

AVithin  this  zone  and  striking  more  or  le.ss  parallel  with  it  are  lenses 
of  manganese  ore,  some  of  which  resemble  mineral  springs'  deposits 
filling  fissures  in  disturbed  areas  of  the  enclosing  formation.  So  far  as 
exposed  in  the  limited  workings  thus  far  opened  up,  these  manganese 
lenses  vary  up  to  at  least  6'-8'  in  width,  possibly  wider.  The  deepest 
working  (August.  1918)  is  only  down  to  about  25'  below  the  surface. 
This  is  in  a  shaft  and  crosscut  which  connects  with  it.  The  crosscut  is 
in  about  40',  aiul  has  a  drift  of  about  20'  along  the  strike.  There  are 
several  shallow  open  cuts.  From  these  workings  located  on  the  back- 
bone of  a  sharp  ridge,  about  30  tons  of  good-looking  ore  had  been  sorted 
and  piled  up.  A  grab  .sample  taken  by  the  writer  from  each  of  these 
piles  and  combined,  showed  on  anah'sis  46.04^^  ]\fn  and  7.25%  SiO„. 

On  the  eastern  edge  of  this  ridge  about  100'  northeasterly  from  the 
above-mentioned  workings  is  an  open  cut  which  exposes  a  body  of  soft, 
black  ore,  interlaced  with  ciuartz  veinlets.  Some  60  sacks  (6000  lb.) 
of  this  material  had  been  gathered  ready  for  shipment.  A  small  sample 
of  this  material,  taken  by  the  writer  from  the  face  of  the  cut,  showed 
on  analysis  51.10%  Mn  and  12.97%  SiO^.  JNIuch  of  this  silica  could  be 
eliminated  by  screening. 

Altogether,  this  is  rather  a  favorable  prospect  and  worthy  of  further 
development.  The  quality  of  the  ore  is  good,  but  the  mode  of  occur- 
rence is  such  that  considerable  care  and  judgment  must  be  used  in 
adopting  such  a  system  of  mining  as  will  yield  a  mininunn  of  waste  to 
be  handled.  In  such  a  case,  it  is  best  to  stick  rather  close  to  the  ore 
lenses,  at  least  until  the  nature  and  extent  of  them  are  better  known. 


30  CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 

L.  Everett  of  Mokelumne  Hill  reports  an  nndeveloped  manganese 
prospect  four  miles  east  of  Pine  Grove. 

Peyton  et  al.,  Lease.  About  a  half-mile  northerly  from  the  Crocker- 
Preston  property  noted  above,  Lee  Peyton  et  al.,  of  Volcano,  have  a 
lease  on  another,  similar  prospect  on  the  same  belt,  in  the  NW.  ^  of 
Sec.  35.  There  is  a  shaft  down  30',  and  a  short  open  cut  at  the  mouth 
of  the  shaft.  About  20  tons  of  ore  had  been  (August,  1918)  sorted  out 
for  shipment,  and  it  looked  to  be  high  grade. 

Riihser  &  Hubberty.  A  deposit  of  manganese  one-half  mile  south- 
east of  Defender  is  reported  to  have  been  worked  by  the  Manganese 
Company  of  California  in  1916.  It  is  reported  that  250  tons  of  ore  were 
shipped  and  that  about  50  tons  remained  on  the  dump  because  it  could 
not  be  hauled  over  the  roads  during  the  winter  of  1916-1917.  The 
property  is  owned  by  F.  W.  Ruhser  and  Adam  C.  Hubberty  of  Jackson. 

BUTTE  COUNTY. 

The  Bear  Canyon  Mine  is  located  one  and  one-half  miles  southeast 
of  Clipper  Mills  in  Sec.  35,  T.  20  N.,  R.  7  E.,  M.  D.  M.  In  1916  the 
Noble  Electric  Steel  Corporation  shipped  220  tons  of  40%  ore.  The 
orebod}^  varying  from  4'  to  20'  wide  was  50'  long.  Development  work 
consisted  of  a  cross-cut  tunnel.  The  ledge  carrying  manganese  oxide 
strikes  east,  and  dips  north  in  amphibolite  near  an  area  of  serpentine. 

The  property  has  recently  been  leased  to  R.  J.  Bean  of  Clipper 
]\Iills,  and  R.  C.  Darby  of  Bangor,  who  are  prospecting  for  more  ore 
and  sorting  the  old  dump.    Owned  by  Geo.  AV.  Woolley  of  Clipper  Mills. 

The  Powell  Property  consists  of  a  120-acre  patent,  located  one  mile 
north  of  Clipper  :\lilLs  in  Sec.  35,  T.  20  N.,  R.  7  E.,  M.  D.  M.  An  8" 
siliceous  manganese-bearing  ledge  striking  N.  65°  E.  has  been  exposed 
to  a  depth  of  30  feet  by  a  shaft.  Another  ledge  striking  east  and 
dipping  30°  N.  has  been  developed  by  a  50'  open  cut  which  exposes 
30'  of  ledge  matter.  The  property  is  now  idle  and  owned  by  E.  V.  Powell 
of  Clipper  Mills. 

The  View  Point  Property  consists  of  a  160-acre  patent  in  Sections 
34  and  35  of  T.  20  N.,  R.  7  E.,  M.  D.  M.  The  View  Point  ledge 
outcrops  for  40'  and  strikes  N.  80°  E.  It  is  developed  by  an  open  cut  3' 
wide  and  6'  long  on  the  east  end,  and  is  about  12"  wide.  The  westerly 
20'  of  the  outcrop  is  20'  wide,  and  is  rather  siliceous.  The  ore  should 
becomes  less  siliceous  with  depth. 

Approximately  1500  feet  east  of  the  View  Point  ledge  and  300  feet 
from  the  road  is  a  north-south  ledge,  very  siliceous  at  outcrop,  carrying 
some  manganese.  This  ledge  has  been  opened  in  one  place  by  an  open 
cut  6'  deep  and  20'  long,  which  exposes  12"  of  silica  on  the  surface, 
below  which  is  12"  of  sugary  quartz  with  some  crystallized  manganese 
oxide  and  4'  of  manganese  with  decomposed  rock  similar  to  that  at  the 


MANGANESE    AND    CHROMIUM.  31 

View  Point  ledge.  The  south  end  of  this  same  ledge  is  exposed  within 
150'  of  the  road  to  the  Bear  Canyon  mine.  The  exposure  is  very  sili- 
ceous and  strikes  north  south  for  20',  being  18'  wide.  The  property  is 
idle,  but  a  small  amount  of  development  work  has  recently  been  done. 
Owned  by  E.  C.  Binet  of  Clipper  Mills. 
Wooley  Mine.     See  Bear  Canyon  Mine. 

CALAVERAS  COUNTY. 

The  Fortner  Ranch  deposit  occurs  on  the  top  of  a  ridge  two  miles 
northeast  of  San  Andreas.  Manganese  oxide  is  associated  with  lenses  of 
quartz  in  mica  schist.  The  ore  bodies  are  said  to  be  traceable  for  over 
150'  along  the  ridge,  outcropping  as  irregular  lenses  a  foot  or  two  in 
diameter  which  are  subdivided  into  smaller  pockets  by  a  network  of 
quartz  veins.  Little  development  work  has  been  done.  Owned  by  the 
Fortner  Ranch,  San  Andreas. 

The  Manilla  Manganese  Property  is  in  Sec.  27,  T.  4  N.,  R.  11  E., 
M.  D.  M.,  on  Bear  ^Mountain,  six  miles  southeast  of  Valley  Springs.  The 
extent  of  the  deposit  is  not  known,  since  no  development  work  has  been 
done.  An  assay  of  a  sample  of  the  material  taken  from  near  the 
surface  shows  25%  metallic  manganese,  17.3'6%  silica,  and  .055% 
phosphorus.     Owned  by  Dave  Manilla  of  Angles  Camp. 

CONTRA  COSTA  COUNTY. 

Manganese  occurs  on  Red  Rock,  in  San  Francisco  Bay,  just  oft'  the 
Contra  Costa  coast,  and  included  within  the  county  limits.  This  deposit 
is  described  by  A.  C.  Lawson*  as  follows:  "The  ore  occurs  on  the 
southwest  side  of  the  island  as  an  integral  part  of  the  radiolarian  chert. 
The  chert  here  has  a  west-northwest  strike  and  a  nearly  vertical  dip, 
and  consists  of  the  usual  rhythmical  alternation  of  thin  beds  of  hard, 
flinty  to  quartzose  chert  and  partings  of  shale,  the  whole  having  a 
reddish  color.  A  belt  parallel  to  the  strike  of  the  chert  includes 
interstratified  layers  of  psilomelane,  which,  by  reason  of  their  black 
color,  present  a  bold  contrast  to  the  adjoining  rocks.  Most  of  the 
layers  are  about  one-fourth  to  one-half  inch  thick  and  replace  locally 
the  usual  shale  parting,  but  in  places  the  psilomelane  is  much  thicker. 
Some  of  the  layers  of  the  chert  adjoining  these  layers  of  psilomelane 
are  also  so  charged  with  that  mineral  as  to  be  quite  black,  though  they 
are  still  hard  and  siliceous.  The  psilomelane  also  occurs  in  minute 
particles  in  the  shale  between  the  chert  beds,  making  it  black.  The 
borders  of  the  belt  in  which  these  layers  of  psilomelane  occur  are  not 
sharply  defined,  but  the  mineral  has  been  mined  in  open  cuts  two  to  six 
feet  wide.  The  ore  appears  to  be  essentially  a  primary  deposit,  con- 
temporaneous with  the  depositation  of  the  silica  that  formed  the  cherts. 


*U.    S.    G.    S.,    San    Francisco   Folio,    No.    193,    p.    23. 


32  CALIFORNIA    STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 

although  doubtless  some  of  the  psilonielaue  has  since  migrated  into 
adjoining  beds. 

' '  The  shale  partings  north  of  the  manganese  ore  outcrop  on  Red  Rock 
are  abnormally  thick,  generally  measuring  from  half  an  inch  to  two 
inches,  and  at  some  places  the  shale  is  one  to  two  feet  thick.  It  has  a 
soft,  earth.y  con.sistenee,  and  a  shale  structure  and  is  prevailing  red, 
though  the  color  grades  locally  into  yellow.  This  shale  was  at  one  time 
mined  as  mineral  paint." 

Same  small  bunches  of  manganese  ore  have  been  recently  found  on  the 
southeast  side  of  Mt.  Dial)lo.  but  nothing  of  connnercial  consequence  has 
as  yet  been  developed. 

FRESNO    COUNTY. 

The  Avery  manganese  property  is  located  nine  miles  from  Coalinga 
on  the  road  to  Paso  Robles.  An  assay  of  surface  ore  is  said  to  have  run 
45%  manganese  and  20%  .silica.  No  development  work  has  been  done. 
The  property  is  owned  l)y  George  D.  Averj^  of  Porterville,  Tulare 
County. 

The  Woods  manganese  property  is  on  government  land  on  Pine  Flat 
near  Piedra.  The  ore  is  said  to  carry  26%  manganese  and  $4.00  per  ton 
in  gold.  The  manganese  is  probalily  sui)(M'ti('ial.  Owned  by  "Jake" 
Rice  of  Pine  Flat. 

GLENN   COUNTY. 

Black  Diamond  Mine.  This  property,  embracing  two  claims,  is  in 
Sections  14  and  28,  T.  18  X.,  R.  7.  W.,  30  miles  by  a  good  auto  road 
southwest  of  Fruto,  the  shipping  point.  A  body  of  manganese  ore  was 
struck  in  driving  a  tunnel  on  a  copper  prospect.  It  was  at  first  thought 
to  be  very  extensive  as  a  width  of  40  feet  was  exposed.  Upon  stoping, 
however,  it  pinched 'down  to  a  narrow  stringer,  yielding  only  about 
100  tons  of  good  ore.  The  ore  was  shipped  last  summer  by  A.  II.  Noyes 
of  San  Francisco,  who  has  a  lease  on  the  property.  Although  located 
20  3'ears  ago,  this  was  the  first  ore  produced.  "Work  ceased  when 
the  lens  pinched  down,  but  the  lessees  expect  to  resume  development 
work  by  driving  along  the  stringer  in  the  near  future.  The  orebody 
does  not  outcrop.  Owners,  A.  W.  Sehorn  et  al.  of  Willows,  Cal. 
Bibl.:  Rept.  XIV,  p.  198. 

Rattlesnake  Manganese  Mine.  About  two  miles  northwest  in  an 
air  line  from  the  Black  Diamond  ]\line,  and  on  the  same  range  of  low 
lying  hills,  is  situated  the  Rattlesnake  Mine.  It  is  in  the  southeast 
quarter  of  Section  6.  T.  18  N.,  R.  6  AV.,  25  miles  by  road  from  Fruto. 
The  5-ton  auto  truck  in  which  ore  is  hauled  to  the  railroad  loads 
directly  at  the  mine,  which  has  been  only  recently  opened.  A  deposit 
of  high-grade  manganese  ore,  comprising  essentially  the  oxides,  psilome- 
lane  and  pyrolusite  occurs  in  red  jasper  beds,  near  a  serpentine  contact. 
The  strike  of  the  beds  is,  in  general,  northwest  and  southeast,  the  dip 


MANGANESE   AND   CHROMIUM.  33 

almost  vertical.  A  shaft,  now  20  feet  deep,  is  being  sunk  and  it 
exposes  an  ore  body  four  to  six  feet  in  width.  The  ore  does  not  outcrop 
but  the  jasper  beds  outcrop  300  feet  to  the  southeast,  showing  manganese 
stains.  About  50  tons  of  shipping  ore,  over  40%  Mn,  were  sacked  and 
being  hauled  to  Fruto.  It  is  intended  to  sink  on  the  ore  body  to  a 
depth  of  30  feet  and  then  drift.  Four  men  are  employed,  producing 
from  five  to  ten  tons  daily.  Owners,  A.  H.  Noyes,  II.  B.  Chase,  and 
T.  Norris,  Mechanics  Institute  Bldg.,  San  Francisco. 

HUMBOLDT    COUNTY. 

Porter  Ranch  Deposit.  A  deposit  of  high  grade  manganese  ore 
occurs  in  the  Franciscian  jasper  in  the  east  central  portion  of  the 
county,  in  the  SW.  ^  of  Sec.  32,  T.  3  N.,  R.  4  E.,  approximately  30 
miles  by  road  east  of  Carlotta,  a  station  on  the  Northwestern  Pacific 


Photo   No.    1.     Manganese  deposit  near   Fort   Baker,   Humboldt   County;    L.    M.   Bryant,   owner. 
Showing  trench  across  deposit  to  expose  length. 

Railroad.  The  ore,  Avhieli  is  largely  pyrolusite,  outcrops  over  a  low 
knoll,  covering  several  acres.  It  has  been  so  eroded  that  there  are  no 
large  croppings,  and  much  of  the  ore  lies  broken  over  the  surface.  The 
jasper  beds  in  which  the  ore  occurs  are  very  extensive  and  can  be  traced 
for  four  miles.  Manganese  oxides  occur  in  several  places  along  these 
beds,  but  the  largest  and  most  promising  deposit  is  that  in  Section  5. 
At  the  time  visited  no  work  had  been  done  on  the  deposit,  but  numerous 
samples  were  sent  to  the  steel  manufacturers  in  the  East.  In  no  cases 
did  they  fall  below  40%  metallic  manganese,  and  in  most  eases  ran  over 
50%  metallic  manganese,  with  9%  silica.  This  deposit  suffers  the  dis- 
advantage, however,  of  being  rather  inaccessible  and  in  a  rugged  region. 
The  elevation  is  2150  feet  (barometric)  above  sea  level.     The  present 

3—38958 


M 


CALIFORNIA   STATE    MtNING   BtlREAtJ. 


road  from  Carlotta,  via  Fort  Baker,  Avonld  be  impossible  to  truck  over, 
as  there  are  several  very  heavy  grades.  By  construction  of  a  road 
^  mile  long,  the  ore  could  be  hauled  out  to  Eureka  over  a  road  which  is 
said  to  be  in  good  condition  and  without  heavy  grades.  Ample  water 
for  camp  purposes  is  at  hand  in  springs  below  the  deposit.  L.  M. 
Bryant  and  brothers  of  Grizzly  Bluff,  are  the  lessees.* 


Photo    No.   2.      Manganese   ore   on   property   of   L.    M.    Bryant,    Humboldt    County. 

exposes  high-grade  ore. 


Crosscut 


Manganese  deposits  are  reported  to  occur  in  the  mountains  east  of 
Blocksburg,  but  judging  from  the  samples  submitted,  the  percentage  of 
silica  contained  in  the  ore  is  too  high  to  make  them  of  present  commer- 
cial importance. 

Woods  Prospect.  Located  12  miles  north-northwest  of  Blocksburg, 
in  Sec.  3,  T.  1  S.,  R.  4  E.  Owned  by  Wilson  Woods  of  Harris,  Hum- 
boldt County,  and  under  lease  to  F.  M.  Doak  and  Wm.  C.  Irvin. 

IMPERIAL    COUNTY. 

The  occurrence  of  deposits  of  manganese  ore  within  its  boundaries, 
and  their  acquisition  as  mining  claims,  are  accomplished  factors  which 
point  toward  a  possible  production  of  manganese  from  Imperial  County. 

Ebony  Group.  This  property,  comprising  12  claims,  is  located  in 
the  eastern  part  of  the  county,  30  miles  due  southwest  of  Blythe,  and  6 
miles  south  of  Wiley's  Well  on  the  road  between  Blythe  and  Glamis. 


*  Since  this  property  was  visited,  the  owners  have  made  several  trenches  at  various 
places  across  the  deposit,  and  report  it  to  be  very  extensive  and  of  high  grade. 
However,  a  depth  of  only  a  few  feet  has  been  attained.  Samples  sent  to  San 
Francisco  for  analysis  ran  56.62%  metallic  manganese.  The  owners  are  now  sinkin^r 
on  the  orebody  to  determine  its  depth.  There  has  been  as  yet  no  commercial 
production. 


MANGANESE   AND    CHROMIUM.  35 

Blythe,  thoiigli  outside  the  county,  is  the  nearest  railroad  point.  Glamis 
is  on  the  main  line  of  the  Southern  Pacific.  The  typical  Colorado 
Desert  country  is  found  here,  broken  by  the  Chocolate  Mountains  and 
cut  by  numerous  arroyos  along  their  base.  The  Arroyo  Seco  extends 
from  the  mountains  to  the  Colorado  River. 

In  an  arroyo  about  |  mile  south  of  the  water  tanks  there  is  a  vein  of 
manganese  ore  (psilomelane)  2  ft.  wide.  It  has  a  north  and  south 
strike  with  vertical  dip.  At  an  elevation  of  1100'  on  the  Chocolate 
Drop  claim,  there  are  two  small  open  cuts  developing  6''  to  12"  of  ore. 
About  100'  west  of  No.  1  open  cut,  there  is  a  parallel  vein  striking  north 
and  south  and  dipping  70  degrees  east. 

On  the  slope  of  the  ridge  west  of  the  arroyo,  there  is  a  series  of  shal- 
low open  cuts  which  expose  streaks  of  manganese  ore  6"  to  18"  wide, 
running  north  and  south.  West  of  the  arroyo  and  about  i  mile  south 
of  the  first  open  cut  croppings  of  stringers  of  manganese  minerals  can 
be  traced  for  100  ft.  A  number  of  shallow  trenches  have  been  sunk  on 
these  stringers. 

On  the  Ebony  No.  2  claim  a  vein  of  manganese  ore  varying  from  8"  to 
2'  in  width,  can  be  traced  for  200'.  This  vein  has  been  prospected  by 
several  shallow  holes.  In  an  arroyo  on  this  claim  there  is  a  narrow 
vein  of  manganese  ore  8"  to  12"  wide,  cutting  a  rhyolite  conglomerate. 

The  showing  on  Ebony  No.  3  claim,  which  adjoins  Ebony  No.  1  on  the 
west,  is  confined  to  a  single  vein  of  manganese  ore.  This  vein,  6"  to  8" 
wide,  strikes  north  and  south  and  can  be  traced  on  the  surface  for  a 
distance  of  100  ft. 

On  the  Ebony  No.  4  claim  a  bold  outcrop  of  rhyolite  conglomerate  inti- 
mately mixed  with  stringers  of  manganese  ore,  strikes  north  and  south. 
A  series  of  shallow  open  cuts  have  been  run  on  this.  In  a  gulch  running 
southeast  and  northwest  ^  mile  from  the  tanks,  there  is  found  a  scale  of 
high  grade  ore  on  a  wall  of  sandstone  which  dips  to  the  southwest.  The 
hanging  wall  is  a  brecciated  rhyolite. 

In  general,  the  manganese  occurs  on  this  group  in  narrow  veins  of 
shallow  depth,  capable  of  producing  but  a  small  tonnage.  This,  and 
the  distance  to  shipping  point,  reached  only  over  a  rough  and  sandy 
road,  appear  to  be  formidable  obstacles  to  development. 

The  Ebony  Group  is  owned  by  the  East  Rex  Exploration  Company, 
Robt.  Kinsie,  Secretary,  First  National  Bank  Building,  San  Francisco, 
Cal.,  but  is  under  option  to  J.  H.  Lightfoot  of  Blythe. 

Johnson  Claims.  A  Mr.  Johnson,  of  Glamis,  ow^ns  two  manganese 
claims  located  in  the  Chocolate  Mountains  about  30  miles  northeast  of 
the  town.  The  property  is  approximately  5  miles  west  of  the  Colorado 
River  and  10  miles  east  of  the  famous  old  Paymaster  silver-lead  mine. 
The  deposit  consists  of  narrow  stringers  and  small  kidneys  of  ore.  No 
development  work  has  been  done. 


3G  CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 

INYO   COUNTY. 

Deposits  of  nianyanese  ores  are  attracting  attention  in  this  county, 
already  noted  for  the  great  variety  as  well  as  for  the  value  of  its  mineral 
resources. 

Connard  Bros.  Claims.  The  Connard  Bros,  of  New  Jersey  o\\ti 
3  manganese  claims  on  the  northeast  slope  of  the  Panamint  Mountains, 
opposite  the  south  end  of  Death  Valley,  and  32  miles  west  of  Zabriskie, 
a  station  on  the  Tonopah  and  Tidewater  Railroad.  They  are  near  the 
old  Borax  road  to  Death  Valley.  The  deposit  consists  of  streaks  of 
psilomelane  6"  to  8"  wide  on  both  walls  of  a  bed  of  calcite  striking  north 
and  south  in  rhyolite.  A  spur  vein  2  ft.  in  width  which  strikes  N.  60 
degrees  E.  and  has  a  dip  of  60  degrees,  cuts  into  the  main  north  and 
south  vein  at  an  elevation  of  1000  ft.  Only  a  small  amount  of  develop- 
ment work  has  been  done,  but  sufficient  to  show  this  deposit  to  be  limited 
to  narrow  veins  from  which  but  little  ore  could  be  produced. 

Death  Valley  Manganese  Claims.  These  claims  are  crossed  by  the 
old  Death  Valley  Borax  road  and  are  located  in  the  immediate  vicinity 
of  the  Connard  Bros,  claims.  The  deposit  is  of  the  same  general  char- 
acter. On  the  southwest  side  of  the  road  there  are  a  number  of  stringer 
leads  of  manganese  ore  cutting  an  andesite  breccia.  The  stringers  run 
from  a  few  inches  up  to  8  inches  in  width  and  form  a  series  of  parallel 
veins  which  strike  N.  50°  E.  The  elevation  is  1400  ft.  Of  the  nine 
full  claims  embraced  in  this  property,  six,  called  the  Manganese  No.  1, 
No.  2,  No.  3,  No.  4,  No.  5  and  No.  6  are  on  the  northwest  side  of  the  road. 
Through  these  there  extends  a  series  of  calcite  veins  cutting  the  rhyolite. 
The  strike  of  the  veins  is  north  50  degrees  west,  with  a  dip  to  the  north- 
east. The  ore  occurs  as  streaks  6  to  8  inches  wide  along  both  walls  of 
these  veins.  It  is  a  high  grade  psilomelane  ore  but  the  quantity  is  small. 
The  owners  are  E.  P.  Underwood,  L.  G.  Henderson  and  associates,  of 
Barstow. 

LAKE    COUNTY. 

Manganese  deposits  occur  in  several  localities  of  Lake  County,  but  the 
deposits  thus  far  found  are  in  general  small  and  erratic.  Its  occur- 
rence is  characteristic  of  most  of  the  Coast  Range  deposits,  the  ore 
being  the  massive  black  oxides  associated  as  stringers  and  lenses  with 
the  jasper  beds  of  the  Franciscan  formation.  The  largest  deposits 
found  are  those  which  occur  on  Mount  Sanhedrin  on  the  border  of  Men- 
docino County.* 

These  are  at  present  too  inaccessible  to  be  of  commercial  importance. 
Of  the  several  prospects  visited,  only  one  gave  promise  of  developing 
into  a  mine. 


*See  under  Mendocino  County. 


MANGANESE   AND    CHROMIUM.  37 

Coleman  Prospect.  Situated  three  miles  west  of  Cobb  P.  0.,  in 
Sec.  29,  T.  12  N.,  R.  9  W.  Owned  by  J.  H.  Coleman  of  Cobb  and  J.  D. 
Sullivan  of  Kelseyville.  The  claim  is  in  a  body  of  massive  metamor- 
phosed red  chert  which  trends  northwest  along  High  Valley  Creek  for 
a  distance  of  about  1400  feet.  The  chert  is  stained  along  fracture 
planes  by  manganese  oxides  and  occasionally  contains  small  bodies  of 
good  ore,  although  no  body  of  workable  size  had  been  found  when  the 
property  was  visited.  A  smaller  body  of  chert  containing  manganese 
was  exposed  1|  miles  downstream. 

Herman  Prospect  is  owned  by  August  Hermann  and  is  located  in 
Snell  Valley,  11  miles  from  Middletown.  This  prospect  was  not  visited, 
but  specimens  received  from  the  property  at  different  times  indicate 
rather  siliceous  manganese  oxide. 

Herrick  Prospect.  S.  B.  Herrick,  Middletown,  owner.  Lies  three 
miles  west  of  Middletown,  in  Sec.  25,  T.  11  N.,  R.  8  W.  There  is  a  mas- 
sive bed  of  siliceous  manganese  oxide  3  feet  thick,  in  red  radiolarian 
chert.  The  material  exposed  in  a  small  open  cut  at  the  time  of  visit, 
was  not  of  shipping  grade. 

Van  Ranch  Deposit.  This  property,  OA\Tied  by  G.  W.  Van  of  Upper 
Lake,  is  situated  in  Sec.  3  and  NW.  i  of  Sec.  10,  T.  16  N.,  R.  10  W.,  on 
the  southwestern  slopes  of  Horse  Mountain,  at  an  elevation  of  about  2700 
ft.  above  sea  level,  near  the  head  of  Middle  Creek,  which  empties  into 
Clear  Lake.  It  is  about  10^  miles  by  road  north  of  Upper  Lake  and  38 
miles  northeast  of  Ukiah,  the  nearest  railroad  point.  The  road  which 
runs  to  the  ranch  house  has  been  extended  about  2  miles  to  the  foot  of 
Horse  Mountain,  ^  mile  from  the  mine.  It  is  a  road  over  which  auto 
trucks  could  operate  throughout  the  year  by  the  construction  of  a 
couple  of  small  bridges  to  span  the  creek  at  the  crossings.  Water  for 
camp  purposes  is  obtained  from  springs  and  IMiddle  Creek. 

The  orebody  occurs  as  a  rather  well  defined  ledge  in  jasper  beds 
which  strike  northwest  and  dip  60  degrees  northeast.  These  beds  out- 
crop prominently  over  the  mountain  for  several  miles,  showing  man- 
ganese stainings  at  many  places.  The  most  favorable  ore  body  seen  was 
in  NW.  I  of  Sec.  10,  where  all  development  work  was  being  done  at  the 
time  visited.  This  ledge,  or  lens,  outcrops  for  100  ft.  along  the  strike, 
varying  from  5'  to  10'  in  width,  and  appears  to  be  high  in  manganese. 
About  10  feet  below  each  end  of  this  cropping,  short  tunnels  were  being 
driven  to  cut  the  orebody,  and  midway  between  these  tunnels,  a  crosscut 
driven  20'  from  a  small  open  cut  had  exposed  6'  of  the  porous  black 
oxide.  Four  men  were  engaged  in  this  development  work.  About  20 
tons  of  ore  were  mined  from  a  lens  1000  ft.  northwest  of  the  main  out- 
crop, and  16  tons  from  another  half  way  between  the  two.  One  carload 
of  40  tons  had  been  hauled  out  to  Ukiah,  and  it  was  expected  to  produce 


38  CALIFORNIA   STATE   MINING   BUREAU. 

from  5  to  10  tons  daily.  The  property  is  being  worked  under  lease  by 
the  Middle  Creek  Mining  Company,  a  co-partnership  between  E.  E. 
Holbrook,  S.  E.  Burris  and  H.  W.  Sites,  with  offices  at  45  Kearny  Street, 
San  Francisco. 

1  s 

LOS  ANGELES  COUNTY. 

Manganese  occurrences  in  this  county  have  been  prospected  in  two 
localities.  The  black  oxides  occur  in  mica  schist,  accompanied  by  such 
high  percentages  of  silica  as  to  render  the  material  of  doubtful  commer- 
cial value. 

Amargosa  Group.  Comprises  nine  claims  in  T.  6  N.,  R.  12  and 
13  W.,  S.  B.  M.,  between  four  and  five  miles  west  of  Palmdale.  The 
group  was  located  in  January,  1914,  by  C.  L.  and  A.  H.  Metzger, 
R..  H.  Gilman,  R.  Snowden  and  A.  ]\Iayet.  Irregular  kidneys  of  manga- 
nese oxides  occur  along  siliceous  outcrops  in  schist.  The  most  extensive 
croppings  are  one  mile  north  of  the  road  on  claim  No.  5,  where  the 
manganese  outcrops  at  intervals  for  150  feet,  striking  east.  Here  an 
open  pit  six  feet  deep  and  12  feet  long  exposes  in  the  bottom  two  feet 
of  manganese  oxides  apparently  high  in  silica.  Twenty  tons  of  this 
material  was  shipped  in  1917.  Most  work  has  been  done  on  No.  1  claim, 
the  eastermost  of  the  group,  and  lying  within  500  feet  of  the  road.  Here 
the  Noble  Electric  Steel  Company  carried  on  work  in  1916  under  lease. 
They  made  a  cut  following  the  orebody  for  30  feet,  then  sank  a  shaft 
20  feet  deep.  A  tunnel  was  also  driven  northwest  along  the  body  20 
feet  below  the  cut.  This  exposed  very  siliceous  manganese  oxide.  One 
carload  was  shipped  by  the  above  company,  but  lately  only  assessment 
work  has  been  done. 

Gladwin  and  Peet  Claim  lies  in  Sec.  36,  T.  6  N..  R.  14  W.,  at  an  ele- 
vation of  4900  feet  (barometric)  almost  2000  feet  in  elevation  above 
the  end  of  the  wagon  road  in  the  caiion.  It  was  first  located  years  ago 
and  relocated  in  September,  1917,  by  G.  L.  Gladwin  and  H.  G.  Peet 
of  Los  Angeles.  The  manganese  oxides  lie  in  small  pockets  along 
siliceous  outcrops  in  the  schist.  The  material  is  siliceous  and  in  general 
low  grade.  Two  small  pockets,  extending  only  a  few  feet  deep,  have 
been  uncovered.  There  are  several  tons  of  this  low  grade  oxide  lying  on 
the  dump,  but  it  is  doubtful  whether  it  will  ever  be  hauled  out.  There 
are  several  other  siliceous  outcrops  on  the  claim,  but  no  other  manganese 
croppings  were  seen.  The  deposits  are  too  small  and  of  too  low  grade  to 
be  of  commercial  importance. 

MARIN  COUNTY. 

On  the  Mailliard  Ranch,  eight  miles  northwest  of  San  Rafael  and 
one-half  mile  south  of  Woodacre  Lodge,  stains  and  irregular  patches 
of  oxide  of  mangane.se  occur  in  red  jasper,  which  apparently  has  been 


MANGANESE   AND    CHROMIUM.  39 

caught  up  as  blocks  in  serpentine.  The  material  is  high  in  silica  and 
no  work  has  been  done  on  it.  This  is  on  Lot  9,  Block  33  of  a  tract 
owned  by  the  Lugunitas  Development  Co.,  202  Commercial  Bldg., 
San  Francisco. 

About  one  mile  west  of  Sausalito  Point  manganese  oxides  occur, 
associated  with  massive  jasper.  The  oxide  is  mostly  of  low  grade  but  one 
streak  has  a  thickness  of  15  inches  of  fine  ore  which  could  be  traced 
only  about  six  feet,  as  no  attempt  had  been  made  to  open  it  up. 

Another  deposit  of  manganese  is  exposed  in  a  road  cut  near  Fort 
Baker.     It  is  described  by  A.  C.  Lawson,*  as  follows : 

"The  manganese  ore  is  well  exposed  as  a  stratified  deposit  of  hard, 
clean  psilomelane  about  18  inches  thick,  grading  off  in  its  upper  part 
into  a  lean  ore  consisting  of  chert  and  shale  highly  charged  with  the 
black  manganese  mineral.  There  is  no  definite  boundary  between  this 
lean  ore  and  the  normal  radiolarian  cherts,  for  the  proportion  of 
psilomelane  simply  decreased  till  it  ceases  to  color  the  rock.  The  thick- 
ness of  the  ore-impregnated  cherts  above  the  layer  of  psilomelane  is 
about  12  feet.  This  body  of  ore  lies  within  a  few  feet  of  an  intrusive 
contact  of  ellipsoidal  basalt  with  the  cherts,  the  contact  plane  being 
parallel  to  the  bedding,  and  may  be  traced  for  90  feet  on  the  outcrop  of 
the  formation  which  dips  about  40  degrees  southwest.  In  several  samples 
taken  by  D.  C.  Billick,  the  psilomelane  contains  gold  not  exceeding  40 
cents  to  the  ton." 

MENDOCINO     COUNTY. 

The  Franciscan  formation  occupies  about  three-fourths  the  area  of 
the  county  covering  the  entire  eastern  portion  from  north  to  south. 
The  jasper  beds  associated  with  this  formation  are  very  extensive,  and 
their  outcrops  can  be  traced  for  many  miles,  striking  in  general  north- 
west and  southeast  with  the  trend  of  the  Coast  Range  Mountains. 
Associated  with  these  jasper  beds  many  deposits  of  manganese  ores  have 
been  found,  and  undoubtedly  more  will  be  uncovered. 

The  greater  number  of  the  deposits  developed  lie  in  that  group  of 
the  Coast  Range  Mountains  east  of  the  Northwestern  Pacific  Railroad, 
and  within  easy  access  of  it. 

Several  promising  prospects  have  been  located  in  that  mountainous 
region  between  Mt.  Sanhedrin  on  the  border  of  Lake  Co.unty,  and 
Round  Valley.  Due,  however,  to  its  lack  of  transportation  facilities, 
combined  with  the  rugged  character  of  this  section,  there  is  little  pos- 
sibility of  any  large  production  being  made  in  the  near  future.  Roads 
would  have  to  be  constructed  and  the  numerous  mountain  streams 
bridged,  thus  considerable  development  work  is  necessary  before  de- 
termining whether  such  expense  would  be  justified. 


*U.   S.  G.   S.,  San  Francisco  Folio  No.   193,  p.   23. 


40 


CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 


Big  Bend  Claims  are  situated  in  SW.  ^  of  Sec.  28,  T.  23  N., 
R.  11  W.,  on  the  Middle  Fork  of  Eel  River.  The  owners  are  C.  V,  Brere- 
ton,  W.  E.  Shields  and  M.  G.  and  J.  D.  Morrison.  A  fair  grade  of  float 
ore  is  reported  from  here,  but  no  development  work  had  been  done  late 
in  1917. 

At  Bland's  Cove  D.  D.  McLaughlin  has  nine  claims  carrying  out- 
crops of  manganese  which  were  undeveloped  in  October,  1917. 

The  Busch  &  Bevins  Manganese  Mine,  also  known  as  the  Lee  Mine 
or  Potter  Valley  Mine,  is  in  Sections  8  and  10,  T.  17  N.,  R.  12  W.,  five 


Photo  No.  3.      Busch   &   Bevins   Manganese   Mine,   Mendocino   County,   showing 
lens  of  good  ore  3'-4'  wide,  exposed  in  short  tunnel. 

miles  northwest  of  Potter  Valley  Postoffice  and  22  miles  north  of 
Ukiah,  the  shipping  point.  It  lies  on  the  same  range  as  the  Thomas  and 
Wild  Devil  Mines,  at  an  elevation  of  about  1500  feet  above  sea  level. 
The  road  is  in  good  condition  for  trucking,  with  the  exception  of  the 
last  mile.    Here  it  follows  the  creek  and  is  impassable  during  the  rainy 


MANGANESE   AND    CHROMIUM. 


41 


season.  To  date  six  lenses  of  oxide  ore,  one  to  two  feet  wide,  in  red 
chert,  have  been  found  at  this  property  which  comprises  500  acres. 
These  are  located  about  500  feet  above  the  creek  bed.  The  only  one 
mined  is  now  practically  exhausted ;  it  yielded  140  tons  of  ore  which 
averaged  over  45%  manganese.  The  ore  was  hauled  by  a  gravity  trara- 
way  to  a  loading  platform  in  the  canon  alongside  of  the  road.  Very 
little  development  work  has  been  done  on  the  others,  so  it  is  impossible 


Photo    No.    4.       Loading   platform   at   foot   of   gravity   tram,    at    Busch    &    Bevins 
Manganese   Mine,    Mendocino    County. 

to  determine  their  extent ;  however,  in  the  two  short  crosscuts,  ore  bodies 
were  exposed  which  varied  from  one  to  two  and  one-half  feet  in  width. 
The  other  pockets  or  lenses  were  exposed  by  small  open  cuts.  The  ore 
in  these  appears  to  run  high  in  silica,  as  is  the  condition  of  all  the 
croppings  seen.  There  are  undoubtedly  large  tonnages  of  low  grade 
ores  here,  as  these  lenses  outcrop  at  intervals  for  several  miles  over 
the  ridge. 

At  the  time  visited,  the  property  was  idle,  but  a  lease  had  just  been 
taken  upon  it,  by  F.  W.  Keeny  and  associates,  wdth  offices  at  307  Syndi- 


42 


CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 


cate  Bldg.,  Oakland.  The  terms  of  its  lease  called  for  resumption  of 
operations  within  10  days.  S.  H.  Busch,  J.  J.  Biisch,  and  A.  P.  Bevins 
of  Potter  Valley,  are  the  owners. 

Cleveland  Property.  It  is  situated  in  Sec.  13,  T.  16  N.,  R.  12  W., 
three  miles  east  of  the  railroad  station  at  Calpella,  on  the  Potter  Valley 
Road.  A  small  kidney  of  hard  black  oxide  has  been  exposed  by  an  open 
cut  for  a  width  of  about  two  feet  on  a  contact  of  jasper  and  black  shale. 
Considerable  float  covers  the  steep  side  hill  on  which  this  deposit  occurs, 
and  the  jasper  beds  are  quite  extensive,  but  no  other  ore  bodies  were 
seen.  No  ore  has  been  produced  here,  but  a  fair  body  might  be  developed 
by  further  work.  It  has  the  advantage  of  being  within  easy  access  of  the 
railroad.  It  is  idle.  Owner,  R.  L.  Cleveland  of  Ukiah. 
Bibl. :  Rept.  XIV,  p.  421. 

Foster  Mountain  Mine,  also  known  as  the  Independent  Mine,  is  in 
Section  3  or  4,  T.  18  N.,  R.  12  W.,  14  miles  by  road  east  of  Willits.    The 


I 


Photo    No.    5.       Screening   manganese   ore   in   open    cut   at    Independent    (Foster 
Mountain)    Mine,   Mendocino  County. 


MANGANESE   AND    CHROMIUM. 


43 


mine,  discovered  over  20  years  ago,  and  relocated  in  1914,  lies  near  the 
summit  of  Foster  Mountain,  almost  1000  feet  in  elevation,  above  the 
loading  platform  at  terminus  of  the  truck  road.  The  camp  is  located 
alongside  of  Tomki  Creek,  which  supplies  ample  water  for  camp  pur- 
poses. 

The  ore  body  is  developed  by  a  glory  hole  60  feet  along  its 
strike,  showing  a  width  of  from  three  feet  to  ten  feet  of  ore 
throughout.  Forty  feet  in  elevation  above  this  cut,  a  shaft  is  being 
sunk.  At  20  feet  depth,  the  ore  body  was  encountered,  here 
measuring  six  feet  in  width.     The  ore  exposed  in  the  shaft  is  very 


Photo    No.    6.       Thirty   tons  of   high-grade   manganese   ore   on   dump   at   Independent   Mine, 

Mendocino    County. 

high  grade.  Twenty  feet  southeast  of  the  shaft  there  is  a  rich  cropping 
one  foot  in  width.  It  lies  on  the  strike  of  the  main  ore  body  and  is 
undoubtedl}'  a  continuation  of  it.  To  date  1100  tons  of  ore  which 
averaged  over  45%  manganese  and  less  than  7%  silica,  have  been 
shipped  from  this  one  orebocly,  and  there  are  at  lowest  estimate  as 
many  tons  in  sight.  To  the  northwestward  there  are  several  promising 
croppings  but  they  have  not  as  yet  been  developed.  The  ore  is  hauled 
down  to  the  motor  trucks  by  a  team  and  sled  at  a  cost  of  $1.50  per 
ton,  then  to  the  railroad  at  Willits  at  $5.50  per  ton  on  board  the  cars. 
Mining  costs  are  figured  at  $3.00  per  ton.  The  present  production  varies 
from   C)  to   10  tons  daily,   witli  eiglit  men   employed.     The  mine  was 


44  CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 

operated  under  a  one-year  lease,  by  James  E.  Pag€  of  Willits. 
Geo.  Busch  of  Potter  Valley,  Cal.,  is  the  owner.  Leased  to  Noble  Electric 
Steel  Co.,  and  idle  in  October,  1917. 

Hopper  Claim  is  in  the  south  center  of  Sec.  16,  T.  17  N.,  R.  11  W., 
one  mile  east  of  Potter  Valley.  Manganese  oxides  occur  in  blocks  of 
chert  that  have  been  included  in  an  intrusive  mass  of  Franciscan  green- 
stone. The  chert  has  been  metamorphosed  by  the  intrusive  and  has 
taken  on  brilliant  orange  and  vermillion  colors.  It  sometimes  shows 
spherulitic  structure.  Manganese  oxides  occur  as  veinlets  cutting  the 
altered  chert.  Occasionally  these  veinlets  expand,  producing  a  small 
amount  of  siliceous  ore.  There  is  no  apparent  possibility  of  developing 
ore  here. 

Near  the  summit  of  Leech  Lake  Mountain  in  a  very  inaccessible 
section,  an  undeveloped  manganese  prospect  is  reported. 

Little  Deer  Claim  lies  in  Sec.  17,  T.  25  N.,  R.  12  W.,  27  miles  north 
of  Covelo,  and  is  owned  by  G.  E.  Purcell  and  A.  G.  Trinkle.  There  are 
some  manganiferous  outcrops  here  which  were  undeveloped  at  the  time 
of  last  report. 

There  is  a  small  deposit  of  manganese  on  the  Walter  McClendon 
Ranch  about  five  miles  northeast  of  Calpella,  and  adjoining  the  W.  P. 
Thomas  property  on  the  south.  It  is  reported  that  a  carload  of  man- 
ganese ore  was  shipped  from  here  during  the  past  year.  No  work  has 
been  done  since. 

Michaels,  Roman  and  Weeks,  of  San  Francisco,  have  a  lease  on 
a  manganese  deposit  in  Sections  23  and  30,  T.  23  N.,  R.  11  "W.,  20  miles 
east  of  the  railroad  at  Dos  Rios  station.  Manganese  oxides  occur  in 
jasper  beds,  which  outcrop  prominently  along  a  steep  hillside  east  of  the 
Middle  Fork  of  Eel  River.  About  30  tons  were  mined  by  open  cut  and 
tunnel,  and  part  of  it  was  hauled  to  Dos  Rios.  The  remainder  is  lying 
alongside  of  the  roadway  below  the  deposit.  The  outcrop  extends  for 
several  hundred  feet,  but  its  ore  is  in  general  low  grade  and  only  the 
richer  portions  have  been  gouged  out.  In  hauling  to  the  railroad,  the 
ore  has  to  be  transported  across  the  river  either  by  an  aerial  tramway 
or  ferry,  as  there  is  no  bridge.  An  attachment  was  filed  against  the 
operators  last  fall,  so  that  no  ore  has  been  shipped  and  the  property  has 
been  idle  since.    Chas.  Brereton  of  Covelo  is  the  owner. 

Mt.  Sanhedrin  Claims.  This  property  comprises  two  groups:  the 
Rhodochrosite  Claims  and  the  Black  Leases. 

The  Rhodochrosite  Claims  are  located  at  Impassable  Rock,  in  the 
SE.  i  of  NE.  i  of  Sec.  6,  T.  19  N.,  R.  11  W.  Impassable  Rock  presents 
steep  cliffs  to  the  southwest,  below  which  there  is  a  talus  slope  of  angu- 
lar fragments  of  radiolarian  chert.  The  exposed  cherts  contain  consid- 
erable manganese  oxides,  disseminated  in  fissure  fillings  and  as  stains. 


MANGANESE    AND    CHROMIUM.  45 

Throe  definite  oxide  ore-bodies  appear  in  the  clift'  faee  of  Tmpassabh) 
Koek,  and  the  talus  slope  carries  blocks  of  manganese  ore.  The  latter 
are  most  abundant  near  the  base  of  the  slope.  The  amount  of  ore  in 
sight,  however,  is  small. 

Not  far  from  the  base  of  the  talus  slope  an  open  cut  shows  a  lens  of 
carbonate  ore  averaging  4'  thick.  The  lens  is  exposed  for  30'  along  its 
strike,  but  its  total  extent  is  not  determinable.  In  a  creek  below  the 
open  cut  numerous  masses  of  carbonate  ore  from  100  pounds  to  one  ton 
in  weight  are  also  found. 

To  reach  a  shipping  point  a  road  might  be  built  from  Impassable 
Eock  to  Rackout  Springs,  a  distance  of  3  miles.  Thence  it  is  6  miles  by 
the  Henshaw  road  to  Hearst,  and  16  miles  from  Hearst  to  AVillits. 

Black  Leases.  This  group  is  composed  of  9  claims,  located  8  miles 
from  Hearst.  They  are  reached  by  a  trail  2^  miles  long  from  Eackout 
Springs  on  the  Henshaw  Eanch  road.  The  entire  group  is  leased  by 
P.  C.  Black  of  Oakland,  and  with  the  exception  of  the  Lone  Indian 
location  (owned  by  W.  Clark  of  Covelo)  all  the  claims  are  owned  by 
AV.  D.  Frey,  Jim  Jameson  and  Wm.  E.  Shields. 

The  leasehold  lies  in  Sec.  30,  T.  20  N.,  E.  11  W.,  on  the  spur  of 
a  ridge  which  runs  down  to  Elk  Creek  from  Mt.  Sanhedriu.  In 
Sec.  30  this  spur  is  divided  into  two  ridges  by  a  deep  canyon  running 
north,  tributary  to  Gulf  Creek.  Part  of  the  claims  are  on  the  east  ridge 
and  part  on  the  west  ridge.  The  Lone  Indian  claim  is  on  the  south  end 
of  the  east  ridge  near  its  junction  with  the  west  ridge.  About  500' 
north  of  this  is  the  Original  Big  Jim  claim,  and  500'  northeast  of  the 
workings  on  the  Original  Big  Jim,  is  Big  Jim  No.  1.  Continuing  down 
the  east  ridge  toward  the  north,  one  encounters  several  manganese  show- 
ings, but  no  important  ore-bodies  have  yet  been  uncovered. 

Other  claims  are  located  on  the  western  ridge.  Big  Jim  No.  6  is  near 
the  south  end,  and  Big  Jim  No.  7  about  500'  north.  Farther  north  on 
this  ridge  are  several  showings  of  manganese,  but  no  important  body 
has  been  exposed. 

In  general,  the  workings  on  the  Black  Leases  are  shallow.  The  ore- 
bodies  are  all  of  the  same  character,  consisting  of  massive  lieds  of  rather 
siliceous  ore  enclosed  in  radiolariau  chert.  The  ore  is  chiefly  man- 
ganese oxide,  containing  considerable  silica.  Ehodochrosite  is  encoun- 
tered in  some  of  the  workings,  however,  and  it  is  probable  that  other 
carbonate  ore-bodies  will  be  encountered  in  depth. 

Development  work  has  been  confined  mostly  to  the  Original  Big  Jim 
claim,  on  which  there  are  two  open  cuts,  one  with  a  face  15'  high  and  20' 
in  width,  and  another  smaller  cut  50'  above.  It  is  not  clear  whether 
these  are  on  the  same  ore  body,  faulted,  or  on  two  separate  horizons. 
There  are  small  open  cuts  on  the  other  claims. 


46  CALIFORNIA    STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 

No  production  has  been  made,  but  a  few  tons  of  sliipping  ore  have 
been  sacked. 

New  Year  Manganese  Claims.  C.  V.  Brereton,  Covelo,  owner. 
Leased  to  L.  E.  Rusner  and  C.  W.  Ilynier  of  San  Francisco.  The  claims 
are  7  miles  northwest  of  Covelo  in  SW.  J  of  Sec.  31,  T.  23  N.,  R.  11  W. 
The  property  has  been  developed  by  open  cuts,  in  two  of  which  oxide 
ore  of  good  quality  has  been  found.  The  ore  is  one  to  two  feet  wide, 
associated  with  red  and  green  jasper.  Fifty  tons  of  ore  had  been 
shipped  in  1917.  Analysis  by  A.  A.  Hanks  showed  54.16%  manganese 
and  5.75%  silica  in  the  best  ore. 

W.  D.  Rhodes  and  G.  H,  Hurt  own  an  undeveloped  manganese  pros- 
pect in  Sec.  36,  T.  23  N.,  R.  12  W.,  5^  miles  west-northwest  of  Covelo. 

Shell  Rock  Manganese  Deposits.  The  Noble  Electric  Steel  Com- 
pany is  developing  a  manganese  prospect  6  miles  by  road  west  of  Spy- 
rock  station  on  the  Northwestern  Pacific  railroad.  The  manganese  ores 
occur  in  lenses  interbedded  in  jasper  whose  outcrop  forms  a  bluff  about 
500  ft.  in  length  and  50  ft.  high.  The  deposit  has  only  recently  been 
opened  so  that  very  little  development  work  had  been  done.  Two  men 
are  employed. 

Alex  Guthrie  of  Spyrock  has  located  a  claim  one  mile  from  the 
Noble  Electric  Company's  property,  but  no  development  work  has  been 
done  on  it. 

Thatcher  Creek  Claims.  A  number  of  claims  have  been  located  in 
Thatcher  Creek  Canon  in  the  northeastern  portion  of  the  county,  about 
18  miles  by  road  and  trail  east  of  Dos  Rios  station.  This  region  is  very 
inaccessible,  as  there  is  no  road  within  eight  miles.  W.  E.  Shields  and 
C.  C.  Packwood  of  Covelo  located  a  group  of  6  claims  in  1916  on  a 
mineral  deposit  here  which  was  said  to  contain  both  chrome  and  man- 
ganese. The  ore  body  lies  within  schist  walls,  striking  northwest  and 
southeast  and  dipping  vertically.  It  outcrops  prominently  over  a  ridge 
for  1300  ft.,  varying  in  width  from  35  ft.  at  the  creek  to  75  ft.  near  top 
of  ridge,  exposing  many  thousand  tons  of  this  material.  Analysis  of 
samples  taken  by  C.  F.  Nourse  of  San  Francisco  showed  only  a  little 
over  7%  manganese  and  no  chrome. 

Thomas  Manganese  Mine.  This  propertj%  embracing  eight  claims, 
is  situated  in  Sections  22,  27,  34  and  35,  T.  17  N.,  R.  12  W.,  6  miles  by 
good  auto  road  northeast  of  Redwood  station,  on  the  same  ridge  and 
about  3  miles  in  an  air  line  southeast  of  the  Busch  and  Bevins  mine. 
The  claims  were  located  in  1912,  and  the  first  commercial  production 
took  place  in  1914,  the  property  at  that  time  being  worked  under  a  lease 
by  the  Noble  Electric  Steel  Company.  To  date  over  3000  tons  of  high 
grade  ore  have  been  produced.     The  manganese  ore  occurs  as  a  ledge 


Manganese^  and  chromium. 


47 


along  heavy  jasper  ))e(ls,  -whieh  constitute  a  large  portion  of  the  ridge. 
In  places  the  ore  is  bluish  black  and  amorphous,  and  intermixed  with  the 
jasper  with  no  clear  line  of  demarcation  between,  while  again  it  is 
deposited  in  rich  pockets  with  well  defined  walls.  The  ore  body  out- 
crops at  intervals  for  three-quarters  of  a  mile,  striking  N.  12°  W.  and 
dipping  N.  65°  to  80°  E. ;  varying  in  width  from  3  to  15  feet.  It 
has  been  stripped  for  over  500  ft.  down  the  ridge  by  a  series  of  open 
cuts.     Most  of  the  development  work  has  been  confined  to  the  north 


Photo  No.  7.       Tunnel  at  W.  P.  Thomas  Manganese  Mine,  near  Ukiah,   Mendo- 
cino County.     Orebody  at  this  point  above  4'  wide. 

end  of  the  claims,  and  several  tunnels  have  been  driven  to  crosscut 
the  ore  body  below  the  open  cuts.  As  in  the  case  of  most  of  the 
properties  visited,  the  richer  portions  of  the  ore  body  have  been 
worked  out,  and  very  little  high  grade  ore  is  now  exposed.  With 
systematic  development,  other  rich  bodies  will  probably  be  uncov- 
ered. The  property  is  easily  accessible  and  could  be  worked  the 
greater  part  of  the  year.  The  ore  is  hauled  to  the  railroad  at  $3.00  per 
ton.  Water  for  camp  purposes  is  obtained  from  a  group  of  springs. 
As  the  deposit  is  located  about  500  ft.  below  the  roadway,  it  was  neces- 
sary to  haul  the  ore  up  the  ridge.   This  was  accomplished  by  a  car  oper- 


48 


CALIFORNIA   STATE   MINING   BUREAU. 


ated  by  a  hoist,  using  a  gas  engine  for  power.  A  couple  of  men  were 
doing  some  development  work  in  an  old  tunnel  when  visited  and  had 
about  10  tons  of  high  grade  ore  read}^  for  shipment.  W.  P.  Thomas 
et  al.  of  Ukiah  are  the  owners. 

Bibl. :  Kept.  XIV,  page  421. 


Photo    No.   8.       Wild   Devil   Manganese   Mine,    Mendocino    County,    showing 

trench  opened  along  vein. 

The  Wild  Devil  Manganese  Mine,  also  known  as  the  Waldteufel 
Mine,  is  in  Sees.  10,  15  and  16,  T.  17  N.,  R.  12  W.,  eight  miles  from 
Redwood  Station,  about  two  miles  by  road  north  of  the  Thomas  Mine 
and  on  the  same  ridge  at  an  elevation  of  about  2000  feet.  This  property, 
embracing  18  mineral  claims  along  top  of  ridge,  was  located  in  1914, 
and  worked  under  lease  by  the  Noble  Electric  Steel  Company  during 
1916.     They  developed  one  deposit,  in  the  SW.  i  of  NW.  i  of  Sec.  15, 


MANGANESE   AND   CHROMIUM.  49 

from  which  about  100  tons  of  ore  was  shipped.  This  was  mined  in  a 
trench,  or  cut,  150  feet  long.  The  orebody  A^ariod  from  1'  to  3'  in 
width,  in  red  radiolarian  chert  which  strikes  N.  30°  W.  and  dips  10°  to 
45°  E.  There  are  several  small  pockets  of  high  grade  ore  exposed  in  the 
bottom  of  the  cut,  which  might  develop  into  another  body  with  depth. 
Fifty  feet  below  the  cut,  a  small  lens  is  exposed  by  a  shallow  open  cut 
across  a  face  5  feet  long  and  V  to  2'  wide.  The  ore  here  appears  to  carry 
both  lime  and  silica.  No  other  woi'k  has  been  done  on  the  claims,  and 
there  are  no  other  ore  bodies  exposed.  The  property  is  idle.  J.  C.  Wald- 
teufel  of  Ukiah,  is  agent  for  the  owner,  Geo.  E.  Cameron  of  Pittsburg, 
Pennsylvania, 

MERCED   COUNTY. 

Briggs  Mine.  This  property  is  in  the  S.  |  of  NAV.  ^  of  Sec.  13, 
T,  13  S.,  R.  9  E.,  in  the  extreme  southwestern  corner  of  the  county 
and  26  miles  by  road  east  of  Tres  Pinos,  San  Benito  County.     It  is 


1^.--  ■  - 


■.■!«t"       V 


k 


Photo    No.    9.       Outcrop   at   Briggs    Manganese    Deposit,    San    Benito    County. 

owned  by  Mrs.  Anna  E.  Briggs,  of  Hollister,  and  in  November,  1917,  was 
under  lease  to  John  Burmeister.  Mr.  Grayson  of  Hollister  was  begin- 
ning development  work  at  that  time. 

Franciscan  chert,  enclosed  in  sandstone,  outcrops  in  steep  cliffs  near 
the  top  of  the  ridge  at  an  elevation  of  3550  feet  (aneroid)  on  the  north- 
east side  of  the  Diablo  Range.     The  chert  is  from  75'  to  100'  thick 

4— .389.';s 


50 


CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 


and  dips  iiortlieast  at  angles  up  to  20°.  Massive  chert,  enclosed  iu 
thiu-bedded  radiolariaii  cliert,  carries  manganese  oxide  bodies.  Minor 
faults  have  disturbed  the  bedding  and  have  obscured  the  relation  of 
the  manganese  oxide  to  the  chert,  but  at  least  two  horizons,  and  maybe 
more,  exist.  The  hard  blue-black  oxide  grades  imperceptibly  into  the 
red  jasper.  For  a  distance  of  150  feet  along  the  strike  (northwest- 
ward) indications  are  very  f&,vorable  for  developing  a  good  deposit. 


Photo  No.  10.     Open  cut  at  Briggs  Manganese  Mine,  showing  face  of  high-grade  ore  3'-4' wide. 

There  is  a  trail  one-half  mile  long  from  the  road  to  the  deposit.    The 
slope  to  the  west  is  too  steep  for  a  road  and  a  tramway  would  have  to 
be  constructed  to  get  ore  down  to  the  road,  unless  it  was  found  better  . 
to  take  ore  out  via  Los  Banos. 

MONTEREY  COUNTY. 

The  Santa  Lucia  Range  extends  northwest  across  the  southern  end 
of  the  county,  and  forms  steep,  inaccessible  cliffs  along  the  Pacific. 
The  district  is  remote  from  traveled  roads  and  sparsely  inhabited. 
Only  one  manganese  deposit  has  been  noted  in  the  county. 

The  Ross  Ranch  Prospect  is  one  mile  from  the  ocean  and  three  miles 
north  of  the  mouth  of  San  Carpojaro  Creek,  in  the  extreme  southwest 
corner  of  the  county.  The  deposit  is  similar  to  those  in  San  Luis  Obisj>o 
County  in  the  same  range  farther  southeast.    It  is  entirely  undeveloped, 


MANGANESE    AND    CHROMIUM.  51 

but  a  recent  assay  of  a  raiuloin  sample  gave  40%  manganese,  and  the 
deposit  is  said  to  be  promising.  If  it  Avere  developed  it  might  be 
possil)le  to  load  the  ore  on  steamers  from  shore  near  the  property. 
J.  Dutra  Ross,  Cambria,  owner. 

NAPA  COUNTY. 

Bacon  &  Kenney  Prospect  is  five  miles  west  of  Oakville  by  road,  in 
Sec.  19,  T.  7  N.,  R.  5  W.  F.  W.  Kenney  and  Thos.  Bacon  of  Oakland, 
did  some  development  work  here,  but  the  deposit  was  too  small  and  of 
too  low  grade  to  warrant  exploitation,  so  that  it  is  idle. 

I  Bibl. :  Rept.  XIV,  p.  276. 

Cavagnaro  Prospect  lies  in  Sec.  3,  T.  9  N.,  R.  6  W.,  one-half  mile 
west  of  the  ^5^]tna  Quicksilver  ^Nline,  at  an  elevation  of  2200  feet,  and  is 
the  property  of  Chas.  Cavagnaro  of  Middletown,  Lake  County.  The 
small  amount  of  work  which  had  been  done  in  August,  1917,  showed 
a  body  of  manganese  oxide  4'  to  6'  wide,  with  a  length  of  100'.  It 
contained  considerable  iron  and  silica.  No  ore  had  been  produced  at 
that  time. 

Moore  Creek  Manganese  Deposit,  sometimes  culled  the  Manganese 
Ridge  Prospect,  lies  on  the  ridge  of  the  same  name,  which  runs  east 
and  west  and  is  a  spur  of  the  main  ridge  separating  Conn  Valley  and 
Moore  Creek.  The  property  is  in  Sec.  15,  T.  8  N.,  R.  5  W.,  six  miles 
northeast  of  St.  Helena.  An  old  wagon  road  runs  within  100  yards  of 
the  deposit,  which  is  at  an  elevation  of  1200  feet. 

Some  of  the  samples  from  this  property  were  high  grade  manganese 
oxide.  On  the  south  slope  of  the  ridge  an  open  cut  has  been  made ; 
100  yards  northwest  there  is  another  small  cut  and  to  the  south  of  the 
latter  a  tunnel. 

NEVADA  COUNTY. 

Bartholf  and  Veach  Mine.  Seven  miles  from  Colfax  near  the  west 
bank  of  Bear  River,  E.  H.  and  W.  E.  Bartholf  and  J.  L.  Veach  of 
Golfax  mined  a  carload  of  ore  three  years  ago  and  have  mined  and  sold 
two  carloads  recently  (July,  1918) .  Mode  of  occurrence  is  similar  to 
that  in  Placer  County. 

The  Wren  Ranch  property  consists  of  160  acres  in  Sec.  20,  T.  14  N., 
R.  8  E.,  M.  D.  M.,  of  the  Lime  Kiln  district  at  an  elevation  of  1000  feet. 
It  is  owned  by  R.  M.  Wren  of  Wolf,  Nevada  County,  and  leased  by 
C.  E.  Loofbourrow  of  Oakland. 

A  body  of  manganese  14'  thick  and  10'  long  has  been  exposed  to  a 
depth  of  20'  by  an  incline  shaft.  Ten  tons  or  ore  mined,  up  to  Novem- 
ber, 1917,  is  reported  to  assay  50%  to  60%  metallic  manganese  and  6% 
silica. 


52  CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 

PLACER  COUNTY. 

Gray  Lease.  Lee  Gray  of  Colfax  has  recently  leased  from  the 
Southern  Pacific  Company  80  acres  of  land  in  Sec.  29,  T.  14  N.,  R,  10 
E.,  adjoining  the  Tilsley  and  Coplen  Group  on  the  south.  He  reports 
promising  prospects  just  south  of  the  American  claim.  The  property 
has  not  been  developed  yet  (August  6,  1918), 

Tilsley  and  Coplen  Group  comprises  four  unpatented  claims  known 
as  American,  Republic,  Spokane  and  Crown  Point,  which  were 
located  in  January,  1918,  by  A.  D.  Coplen  and  B.  F.  Tilsley,  but  have 
since  been  leased  to  C.  S.  Simpson  of  Monrovia,  agent  for  eastern 
interests.  He  was  opening  ore  bodies  on  two  of  the  claims  in  June. 
The  claims  are  9  miles  from  Colfax  and  are  crossed  by  the  road  lead- 
ing to  Yankee  Jim.  The  south  end-line  of  American  claim  is  on  the 
south  line  of  Sec.  20,  T.  14  N.,  R.  10  E.,  and  the  other  claims  lie 
parallel  to  and  east  of  American  claim.  The  claims  lie  at  elevations 
of  from  1900'  to  2525'. 

Near  the  south  end-line  of  American  claim  in  Mexican  Gulch,  a 
hole  had  been  sunk  7  feet  and  a  drift  driven  25  feet  along  strike  of  ■ 
country  rock  in  ore.  Twenty  tons  or  more  of  ore  said  to  average 
51.6%  manganese,  5.6%  insoluble  and  .09%  phosphorous,  had  been 
taken  out  up  to  June  13.  The  country  rock  is  superficially  clay, 
mapped  as  Calaveras  formation.  The  ore  is  enclosed  in  a  quartz 
lens  about  100  feet  long,  which  strikes  N.  5°  W.,  and  dips  nearly 
vertically.  As  revealed  by  work  done  at  time  of  visit,  the  ore  body 
has  a  rough  elbow  shape,  plunges  south  and  pitches  75°  E.  At  the 
north,  the  short  drift  passes  below  tip  of  ore,  but  on  south  ore  is 
going  down,  showing  an  increasing  proportion  of  rhodonite.  Ore 
body  was  nowhere  over  4'  wide,  and  was  about  35'  long.  North  of 
the  road  on  the  center  of  the  same  claim,  a  small  shallow  cut  on  a 
quartzose  outcrop  led  to  a  face  of  ore  3'  wide,  capped  by  and 
enclosed  in  quartz.  A  few  tons  of  ore,  possibly  of  shipping  grade, 
had  been  mined. 

The  Crown  Point  prospect  has  been  opened  near  the  top  of  a  ridge 
north  of  the  road  at  an  elevation  of  2525  feet.  An  open  cut  and  a 
cross-cut  tunnel  running  50  feet  northeast  cuts  in  the  order  named: 
(1)  6"  to  12"  soft  powdery  oxide,  ribbed  by  quartz  stringers;  (2)  5' 
siliceous  manganese  ore;  (3)  5'  clay;  (4)  4'  lean  oxide  of  manganese, 
intercalated  with  clay.  This  zone  is  crossed  by  many  quartz 
stringers.  The  zone  strikes  N.  5°  W.  and  dips  nearly  vertically.  An 
assay  of  ore  mined  here  indicated  39.17%  manganese,  20.64%  insolu- 
ble, .07%  phosphorus. 

The  prospects  on  the  other  claims  were  lean  outcrops  which  had 
not  been  developed  at  time  of  visit.  The  indications  point  to  the 
probability  of  there  being  numerous  small  shallow  ore  bodies  in  this 


I 


MANGANESE    AND    CHROMIUM.  53 

belt  of  Calaveras  rocks,  which  extends  as  far  as  North  Bloomfield. 
Ore  from  the  above  claims  will  be  hauled  to  Colfax  over  a  road  which 
is  good  in  summer.  There  are  2.8  miles  of  easy  down-grade  to 
American  River,  the  remaining  6.2  miles  being  a  steady  up-grade. 
Two  cars  of  ore  are  said  to  be  ready  for  shipment  August  6,  1918. 

PLUMAS  COUNTY. 

The  Braito  manganese  property  includes  one  claim  in  Sec.  26, 
T.  26  N.,  R.  9  E.,  M.  D.  M.,  near  Crescent  Mills.  The  exposures  of  ore 
are  on  the  slope  of  a  hill  which  has  a  good  growth  of  pine  timber. 

The  ore  body  lies  in  schist  and  strikes  northwest.  It  is  developed 
by  two  open  cuts  and  a  tunnel.  The  tunnel  is  57'  long  and 
shows  a  small  amount  of  ore  in  the  face.  One  open  cut  is  15' 
long  with  a  face  of  mixed  ore  4'  wide  and  12'  high.  Another  cut 
12'  long  shows  a  mixed  ore  from  6'  to  7'  wide.  About  70  tons  or  ore 
piled  for  shipment  was  said  to  assay  50%  metallic  manganese  and  12% 
silica.  From  30  to  40  men  were  employed  by  the  Noble  Electric  Steel 
Corporation,  who  were  going  to  ship  the  ore  to  their  Heroult  smelter 
for  use  in  making  ferro-manganese.  Up  to  January  1,  1918,  20  carloads 
of  ore  were  shipped  from  this  property. 

Owned  by  Fred  E.  Braito  and  T.  J.  Mason  of  Crescent  Mills. 

Burch  and  Woody  Prospect  is  near  the  line  of  Sees.  21  and  28, 
T.  26  N.,  R.  9  E.,  four  miles  west  of  Crescent  Mills.  When  the  property 
was  visited  a  small  amount  of  manganese  oxide,  which  was  too  siliceous 
to  sell,  had  been  taken  out. 

The  Crystal  Lake  Manganese  Group  consists  of  three  claims  in 
Sec.  8,  T.  25  N.,  R.  10  E.,  on  Mount  Hough  five  miles  east  of  Indian 
Falls  and  nine  miles  northwest  of  Quincy  Junction.  Most  of  the  ore  is 
on  two  claims  and  can  be  traced  for  200'  along  the  strike,  which  is  N. 
42°  W.  The  orebody  as  exposed  by  two  crosscuts  showed  6'  of  ore  which 
pitches  80°  southwest.  About  one-half  mile  of  road  would  have  to  be 
built  to  reach  the  deposits.  Two  springs  furnish  sufficient  Avater  for 
camp  purposes. 

Since  this  locality  was  visited  the  property  has  been  developed  by 
Geo.  K.  Allen  and  a  JNIr.  Robinson  of  San  Francisco,  who  shipped  ten 
cars  of  ore  to  the  Heroult  smelter,  and  then  sold  their  lease  to  Smith 
Bros,  of  Taylorsville.  The  claims  are  owned  by  H.  A.  and  R.  L.  Klop- 
penburg  and  H.  S.  My  ton  of  Quincy. 

The  Diadem  Lode  is  one  of  a  group  of  three  claims  which  include 
20  acres,  in  the  Edmanton  district.  The  property  lies  14  miles  south  of 
west  from  Quincy  in  Sec.  33,  T.  24  N.,  R.  8  E.,  and  is  owned  by  the 
Edman  Estate,  Quincy. 

Manganese  oxide  and  rhodonite  (manganese  silicate)  are  reported 
to  occur  in  a  quartz  vein  associated  with  iron  oxide.     The  vein  strikes 


54  CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU, 


J 


N.  37°  "W.  and  dips  60°  N.E.  No  development  work  for  manganese  has 
been  carried  on,  and  it  is  believed  that  the  deposit  is  only  superficial. 
Equipment  consists  of  buildings,  shop  and  two  Huntington  mills. 

Iron  Queen  Claim  was  located  by  Chas.  Devlinn  and  A.  F.  Smith,  ) 
in  Sec.  8,  T.  26  N.,  R.  9  E.,  about  six  miles  northwest  of  Crescent  Mills. 
Two  small  short  open  cuts  had  developed  a  little  good  ore,  but  most  of 
the  manganese  oxide  was  too  siliceous. 

The  Penrose  Mine  is  located  on  Mumford  Hill,  three  miles  south- 
west of  Meadow  Valley,  near  Edmanton.  Manganese  occurs  as  oxides 
in  the  gossan  of  a  (piartz  vein,  similar  to  that  at  the  Diadem  Lode.  The 
deposit  is  probably  superficial.    Owned  by  the  Edman  Estate  of  Quincy. 

RIVERSIDE  COUNTY. 

Ore  deposits  of  this  important  mineral  are  found  at  several  points  in 
Riverside  County.  Shipments  of  a  good  grade  of  ore  have  been  made 
spasmodically  for  the  past  three  years  from  the  Schellenger  property 
(Black  Jack  Mine)  in  the  McCoy  IMountains.  At  this  writing,  Feb- 
ruary, 1918,  there  is  considerable  activity  in  this  district,  and  several 
])roperties  are  now  shipping  ore  via  Mineral,  a  station  on  the  California- 
Southern  Railroad.  .  A  number  of  recent  locations  have  been  made 
here,  and  there  are  probably  30  men  working.  The  persistency  of  the 
ore  bodies  thus  far  developed  augurs  favorably  for  a  large  output  from 
this  region.  Ten  Ford  trucks  of  one  and  one-half  ton  capacity  are 
being  used  to  haul  the  ore  to  the  railroad.  The  only  disadvantage  the 
locality  suffers  is  its  lack  of  water ;  this  has  to  be  hauled  in  to  camp  from 
the  railroad. 

Black  Jack  Mine.  This  property,  commonly  known  as  the  Schel- 
lenger Claims,  lies  near  the  base  of  the  east  slope  of  the  McCoy 
Mountains,  near  their  north  end.  The  group  of  five  claims  lies  at  an 
altitude  of  1200  feet,  and  is  described  as  being  in  Sections  13  and  24, 
T.  4  S.,  R.  19  E.,  12  miles  by  road  northwest  of  Mineral  Station.  The 
extreme  northeastern  workings  are  on  Claim  No.  1.  This  consists  of  two 
tunnels :  one  25  feet  long,  at  an  elevation  of  1350  feet,  driven  on  a 
vein  which  strikes  S.  10°  E.,  and  dips  65°  W.,  developing  two  and  one- 
half  feet  of  psilomelane  ore;  and  one  30  feet  higher  up  which  has  a 
length  of  60  feet,  and  is  stoped  out  to  the  surface  in  places  along 
the  vein.  The  face  of  this  tunnel  shows  a  high  grade  streak  of  ore  18" 
wide,  which  disappears  here,  the  manganese  ore  becoming  intermixed 
with  brecciated  rhyolite.  The  footwall  of  the  vein  is  brecciated  rhyolite 
and  the  hanging  wall  rhyolite.  The  ore  croppings  on  this  vein  can  be 
traced  for  a  distance  of  300  feet  on  the  northwest  slope  of  the  hill  at  an 
elevation  of  1000  feet. 

About  600  feet  west  of  these  workings  on  Claim  No.  2,  at  an  elevation 
of  about  1350  feet,  two  short  tunnels  and  an  open  cut  20  feet  in  length 


I 


MANGANESE    AND    CHROMIUM. 


55 


have  developed  four  to  five  feet  of  manganese  ore  intermixed  with 
brecciated  rhyolite. 

The  main  workingjs  are  on  Claim  No.  3,  which  lies  south  of  Claim 
No.  2.  Practically  all  of  the  mining  is  now  being  done  here.  The 
workings  consist  of  an  open  cut  50  feet  long,  25  feet  deep  and  5  feet 
wide.  Below  this  cut  a  tunnel,  now  about  90  feet  from  portal,  is  being 
driven  on  a  vein  of  high  grade  ore  which  varies  from  two  to  six  feet  in 
width.  The  ore  occurs  along  a  fault  fracture  striking  S.  10°  E.,  with 
a  dip  of  65°  N.W.  A  winze  is  being  sunk  on  the  vein  about  50  feet 
from  the  portal.  It  is  now  25  feet  deep,  and  the  vein  appears  to  be 
becoming  wider   and  of  higher   grade   with   depth.     Undoubtedly,   a 


Photo  No.   U.       Tunnel  and  open  cut  on  Schellenger  Manganese  Claims,  in  the  McCoy 

Mountains,    Riverside    County. 

large  tonnage  will  shortly  be  developed  in  this  working.  The  ore  can 
be  .easily  traced  for  a  distance  of  a  couple  of  hundred  feet  to  the 
southeast  along  this  fracture.  The  dump  at  this  working,  which  con- 
tains several  thousand  tons,  is  said  to  average  better  than  30%  Mn. 

The  manganese  ore  throughout  these  claims  occurs  in  a  series  of 
parallel  fractures  along  the  northeast  slope  of  the  hill,  which  extends 
through  a  porphyritic  rhyolite,  highly  brecciated  along  the  fractures. 
The  veins  are  evidently  very  persistent  as  their  croppings  can  be  traced 
at  intervals  for  several  thousand  feet.  During  1915,  the  property  was 
worked  under  lease  by  Robert  Kinzie  and  associates  of  San  Francisco, 
who  shipped  out  1500  tons  of  ore  said  to  average  over  40%  Mu. 

In  1917,  a  bond  and  lease  was  taken  on  it  by  Chas.  F.  Bradford  and 
associates  of  Blythe,  the  present  operators.  During  the  past  few  months, 
six  ear  loads  of  ore  have  been  shipped  out.     The  assays  on  these  ship- 


56  CALIFORNIA   STATE   MINING   BUREAU. 

njents  varied  from  44%  to  54%  Mn,  and  from  1.30%  to  5.58%  SiO,. 
About  1000  tons  of  ore  have  been  shipped  out,  which  it  is  reported  will 
average  47%  Mn.  At  present  less  than  a  dozen  men  are  employed, 
but  new  men  are  being  put  to  work  as  fast  as  they  can  be  obtained, 
and  it  is  expected  to  be  producing  a  carload  a  day  within  the  next 
few  months.  "Work  is  to  be  started  on  Claims  No.  1  and  No.  2  imme- 
diately. Floyd  Brown  of  Blythe,  has  the  contract  for  hauling  the  ore. 
Chas.  F.  Bradford  is  managing  the  property. 

Black  Horse  Group.  Floyd  Brown,  P.  H.  Bray  and  W.  Simoyne,  of 
Blythe,  have  located  a  group  of  four  claims  west  of  the  Black  Jack 
Mine  described  above.  The  surface  croppiugs  show  narrow  veins  in  the 
rhyolite  striking  parallel  to  tho.se  of  the  Black  Jack  Group.  These 
locations  have  only  recently  been  made,  and  no  work  has  as  yet  been 
started. 

P.  H.  Bray,  of  Blythe,  is  mining  a  deposit  which  lies  about  1000  ft. 
south  of  Claim  No.  3  of  the  Black  Jack  Group.  The  vein  here  appears 
to  be  a  continuation  of  the  Black  Jack  No.  3,  as  it  lies  along  the  strike 
of  that  vein,  and  is  proving  to  be  very  strong  with  depth.  The  ore  is 
psilomelane  exhibiting  the  concentric  structure  and  botryoidal  surface 
which  is  characteristic  of  the  ore  of  this  district.  A  25-ft.  shaft  was 
sunk  on  the  vein,  which  at  the  outcrop  consisted  of  manganese  ore  inter- 
mixed with  brecciated  rhyolite  over  a  width  of  a  couple  of  feet.  The 
vein  has  gradually  been  widening  with  depth,  and  becoming  richer  in 
manganese.  At  the  bottom  of  the  shaft  there  is  very  little  of  the 
brecciated  material,  and  the  vein  is  about  five  feet  wide.  Drifts  are 
being  driven  along  the  vein  north  and  south  from  this  level,  and  show 
ore  four  to  five  feet  wide  in  both  faces.  A  carload  of  good  ore  had  been 
shipped  and  30  tons  more  said  to  run  447o  manganese  were  on  the  stock 
pile  in  February,  1918.     Three  men  are  employed. 

Brum  and  Newport  Prospect,  A  deposit  of  manganese  has  recently 
been  located  seven  miles  by  road  southwest  of  Ferris  on  the  Temecula 
branch  of  the  Santa  Fe  Railroad.  The  deposit  occurs  on  a  low  ridge 
1000  feet  west  of  the  railroad.  The  ore,  manganese  oxides,  occurs  as 
lenses  interbedded  in  jasper.  The  jasper  is  thin-bedded  and  extensive, 
outcropping  for  several  miles  in  a  northwesterly  course.  The  beds  are 
stained  in  many  places  with  the  manganese  but  development  work  has 
been  confined  to  two  rather  promising  outcrops.  The  lower  working, 
probably  300  feet  above  the  railroad,  consists  of  a  30  ft.  tunnel  driven 
to  cut  an  orebody  which  outcrops  40  feet  above.  This  ledge  or  lens 
dips  45°  into  the  hill,  and  in  the  face  of  the  tunnel  shows  a  width  of 
three  feet.  The  ore  appears  to  be  quite  siliceous,  but  along  the  footwall 
side  shows  about  one  foot  of  the  hard  black  oxide.  Throughout  the 
remainder,  it  is  intermixed  with  the  jasper,  and  varies  from  the  soft 


■     MANGANESE   AND    CHROMIUM.  57 

powdery  dioxide  to  the  hard  massive  ore.  The  outcrop  of  this  body  can 
be  traced  only  a  few  feet,  but  the  ore  appears  to  be  of  fairly  high  grade. 
There  are  about  twenty  tons  on  the  dump  here  from  which  several  tons 
of  high  grade  ore  could  undoubtedly  be  recovered  by  hand  sorting. 

The  upper  working  is  a  couple  of  hundred  feet  above  and  about  500 
feet  west  of  the  lower.  Here  a  50  ft.  shaft  was  sunk  on  the  orebody, 
which  varies  in  Avidth  from  three  to  four  feet.  The  ledge  consists  of 
stringers  of  high  grade  ore  3"  to  8"  wide  separated  by  the  cherty 
seams.  Twenty  feet  below  the  collar  of  the  shaft,  a  tunnel  was  driven  to 
cut  the  vein.  On  the  summit  of  the  ridge,  about  30  feet  above  the  shaft, 
there  is  a  small  cropping  showing  some  good  ore.  There  are  20  to  30 
tons  of  ore  taken  from  the  shaft  on  the  dump,  which  appears  to  be 
quite  siliceous. 

It  is  reported  that  there  are  some  promising  outcrops  east  of  the  rail- 
road in  a  canyon  tributary  to  Railroad  Canyon  about  one  and  a  half 
miles  distant,  but  no  development  work  has  been  done  upon  them. 
George  Brum,  Lloyd  Newport,  et  al.,  of  Ferris,  are  the  owners  of  this 
property  which  is  covered  by  a  group  of  several  claims.  An  option  has 
recently  been  taken  on  the  group  by  Harford  and  Greenleaf,  of  Ferris, 
Cal.  An  analysis  of  a  sample  from  this  deposit  was  made  by  Smith 
Emery  and  Co.  It  showed  34.42%  manganese,  9.52%  silica,  and 
0.140%  phosphorus. 

Doran  Manganese  Claims.  The  Doran  property  is  located  in  the 
north  end  of  the  Falen  Mountains,  about  ten  miles  northwest  of  the 
Black  Jack  Mine,  and  22  miles  northwest  of  Mineral.  Fackards  "Well 
lies  about  six  miles  to  the  north.  The  locations  comprise  two  claims 
extending  end  to  end  in  a  general  northerly  and  southerly  direction. 
These  claims  embrace  the  top  of  the  ridge,  whose  elevation  here,  at  the 
point  of  discovery,  is  2500  ft.  above  sea  level,  and  about  700  ft.  above 
the  wash  at  its  base.  The  road  from  Mineral  to  Adams  Well  lies  prob- 
ably three  miles  in  an  air  line  west  of  the  property.  From  this  point  it 
is  accessible  only  by  a  hard  desert  trail. 

The  manganese  occurrence  here  is  very  similar  to  that  of  the  McCoy. 
Mountains,  the  ore  being  deposited  in  a  vein,  which  is  a  tilling  in  a 
fault  fracture  in  rhyolite.  The  outcrop  is  first  observed  about  300  feet 
below  the  summit,  striking  a  little  east  of  south.  Here  it  has  a  width 
of  several  feet,  but  is  intermixed  with  the  brecciated  rhyolite.  A  small 
cut  shows  about  18"  of  high  grade  ore.  The  vein  can  be  followed  over 
the  summit  and  down  the  south  slope  for  several  hundred  feet.  At  the 
few  places  where  cuts  have  been  made,  it  appears  to  be  widening  with 
depth.  About  50  feet  east  of  the  main  vein,  a  series  of  croppings  were 
observed  w^hich  evidently  mark  a  parallel  vein.  Ore  from  these  claims 
assayed  44%  metallic  manganese,  and  3.9%  silica. 


58  CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 

The  locations  were  made  in  1915,  but  due  to  their  inaccessibility  have 
never  been  developed.  Considerable  work  must  be  done  before  it  can 
be  determined  whether  the  veins  will  yield  a  sufficient  tonnage  to  war- 
rant the  expense  of  constructing  a  road  to  the  property.  W.  C.  Doran 
et  al.  of  Los  Angeles  are  the  owners. 

Elsinore  Manganese  Deposits.  These  deposits  long  known  and 
located,  lie  6  miles  northeast  of  Elsinore,  a  station  on  the  branch  of  the 
A.  T.  &  S.  F.  R.  R.,  extending  south  from  San  Bernardino,  and  are  in 
Sees.  23  and  24,  T.  5  S.,  R.  4  W.  One  group  of  six  locations  is  west  of 
the  railroad  and  another  group  of  nine  locations  is  east  of  the 
railroad,  and  perhaps  ^  mile  farther  north.  A  portion  of  the  prop- 
erty reaches  the  railroad  while  the  farthest  point  of  any  location  is  less 
than  1^  miles  distant. 

On  Sec.  23,  what  was  pointed  out  as  the  principal  vein  was  visited, 
though  another  parallel  vein  is  said  to  exist.  This  vein  outcrops  at  the 
top  of  a  hill  some  1500  to  2000  ft.  distant  from  and  approxinuitely  400 
to  500  ft.  above  the  railroad.  The  outcrop  here  is  3  ft.  wide  and  a  hole 
3  ft.  deep  has  been  sunk  upon  it.  Some  75  to  100  ft.  distant,  toward  the 
railroad,  a  10  ft.  shaft  has  been  sunk,  showing  the  vein  to  be  4  ft.  wide 
at  the  surface.  Below  tliis  point  is  a  tunnel  20  ft.  in  length,  driven  in 
the  footwall,  so  the  width  of  the  vein  is  indeterminable.  The  central 
vein  outcrops  show  an  indefinite  width,  being  considerably  broken,  and 
covered  with  detritus.  This  vein  may  be  16  to  20  ft.  in  width  as  the 
distance  from  the  apparent  foot  to  the  hanging  wall  would  indicate. 
The  width  can  only  be  determined  by  trenching.  The  manganese  occurs 
in  this  vein  as  rhodonite,  decomposing  to  oxide  at  the  surface.  The 
country  rock  is  granite  and  schist.     Chas.  P.  Carter,  of  Elsinore,  owner. 

Grosse  Manganese  Claims.  C.  E.  Grosse,  of  Blythe,  has  a  group  of 
5  claims  about  ^  mile  south  of  the  Black  Jack  group.  The  workings 
here  consist  of  several  shallow  cuts,  and  two  shafts.  The  veins  show 
up  very  strongly,  but  there  is  more  lime  in  the  ore  in  the  form  of  calcite 
crystals,  than  seen  at  the  other  properties.  At  the  surface  the  veins 
are  narrow,  but  in  both  of  the  shafts  they  are  widening  with  depth. 
The  two  shafts  are  about  300  feet  apart,  and  on  opposite  sides  of  a 
small  ravine  in  which  is  situated  the  camp.  It  is  expected  to  sink  each 
shaft  50  feet  and  then  start  drifting  on  the  vein.  Two  carloads  have 
already  been  shipped,  and  there  are  about  30  tons  on  the  stock  pile. 
Work  was  started  here  in  January,  1918. 

Hauser,  Martin  and  Cheeseborough  Claims.  Hauser,  1138  Oxford 
Avenue,  Los  Angeles.  These  claims,  seven  in  number,  are  situated  2^ 
miles  from  Mineral  station  on  the  California-Southern  railroad  in  the 
eastern  end  of  the  county,  just  south  of  the  Mabery  and  Brown 
deposit  described  below.     Three  cars  of  ore  were  shipped  from  this 


MANGANESE   AND    CHROMIUM.  59 

property  by  the  Noble  Electric  Steel  Co.,  of  San  Francisco,  a  couple  of 
yeai^  ago,  and  very  little  ore  is  now  exposed.  No  work  has  been  done 
here  since. 

Mabery  and  Brown  Manganese  Deposit.  This  property  consisting  of 
12  claims,  lies  at  the  base  of  the  east  slope  of  the  Maria  IMoiintains, 
about  two  miles  by  road  west  of  IMineral.  The  manganese  ore  here 
occurs  as  irregular  pockets  or  lenses  in  a  hard,  almost  marbleized,  gray- 
ish white  limestone.  Numerous  outcrops  occur  over  the  claims,  the 
general  trend  of  them  being  north  and  south.  The  croppings  are  gen- 
erally large  and  of  irregular  shape;  the  manganese  ores  being  usually 
intermixed  with  the  limestone  of  which  it  is  a  replacement.  Develop- 
ment consists  of  a  shallow  shaft  8  feet  deep  which  was  sunk  on  a  very 
promising  cropping.  From  this  shaft,  a  large  chamber  has  been 
opened,  already  yielding  2  car  loads  w^hich  averaged  44.2%  Mn,  and 
2%  SiOo.  The  width  of  the  ore  body  here  is  about  8  feet.  To  the 
south  of  this  working,  probably  300  feet,  an  open  cut  is  being  made  on 
a  cropping  which  shows  a  couple  of  feet  of  high  grade  ore.  "Work  was 
only  started  in  January,  1918,  and  production  now  averages  4  tons 
daily  with  6  men  emploj^ed.  The  numerous  croppings  on  this  property 
would  lead  one  to  believe  that  large  tonnages  of  ore  will  be  developed. 
11.  N.  IMabery,  1125  Elza  Avenue,  Los  Angeles,  and  Chas.  E.  Brown,  of 
Mecca,  California,  are  the  owners. 

Palo  Verde  Region  Manganese  Claims.  Messrs.  Lugo  and  Justice 
Smith  of  Palo  Verde,  Imperial  County,  own  some  manganese  claims, 
located  8  miles  northwest  of  Palo  Verde  and  10  miles  west  of  the  Colo- 
rado River.  The  property  is  close  to  the  line  between  Riverside  and 
Imperial  Counties.  There  are  reported  to  be  500  tons  of  ore,  carrying 
35%  metallic  manganese,  ready  for  shipment. 

Palen  Mountains  Deposit.  Frank  Coffey  of  Mecca  owns  a  number 
of  claims  for  manganese  in  the  Palen  Mountains  northeast  of  Blythe. 

Schellenger  Manganese  Claims.     See  Black  Jack  Manganese  Mine. 

SAN  BENITO   COUNTY. 

Fries  Ranch.  Several  deposits  of  manganese  ore  associated  with 
red  jaspej:  outcrop  along  a  ridge  in  Sections  5  and  8,  T.  13  S.,  R.  8  E., 
18  miles  by  road  east  of  Tres  Pinos.  As  no  development  work  has  been 
done  at  the  property,  it  is  impossible  to  justify  an  opinion  concerning 
their  extent.  The  jasper  beds  outcrop  as  bold  ledges  near  the  sum- 
mit of  the  ridge,  striking  northwest.  It  is  in  a  continuation  of 
these  beds  that  the  Hendricks  Mine  and  Lewis  Ranch  deposit  are 
located.  The  beds  are  more  or  less  stained  with  manganese,  and  prob- 
ably some  fair  deposits  might  be  developed.  It  is  idle.  Peter  Fries 
of  Ilollister,  is  the  owner. 


60 


CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 


Hannagan  Ranch  Deposit.  A  deposit  of  manganese  ore  occurs  in 
the  SE.  i  of  SW.  i  of  Sec.  22,  T.  15  S.,  R.  9  E.,  about  31  miles  by 
road  southeast  of  Tres  Pinos,  at  the  base  of  a  low  hill  at  the  west  end  of 
Big  Panoehe  Valley.  The  New  Idria  road  runs  within  1000  ft.  of  the 
deposit.  It  does  not  outcrop  but  has  been  exposed  by  an  open  cut  about 
6  ft.  across,  showing  3  ft.  of  good  ore.  The  jasper  beds  in  the  vicinity 
are  heavily  stained  with  manganese.  The  deposit  is  under  option  to 
E.  T.  Stewart  of  Dos  Palos,.  and  was  idle  when  visited. 

Hawkins  Ranch.  The  Noble  Electric  Steel  Company  developed 
a  deposit  of  manganese  ore  on  this  property,  which  is  in  Section  35, 
T.  11  S.,  E.  6  E.,  13  miles  by  road  northeast  of  Hollister.  The  ore  was 
mixed  with  the  jasper,  and  carried  considerable  iron  so  that  it  had  to  be 
hand  sorted  before  shipping.  Three  carloads  were  shipped  in  1916, 
which  averaged  over  1:0%  metallic  manganese,  and  the  property  has  not 
been  developed  since.  T.  S.  Hawkins  of  Hollister  is  the  owner.  In 
the  fall  of  1917,  this  property  was  leased  to  John  Burmeister  and  G.  W. 
Grayson  of  Hollister  was  preparing  to  do  development  work  for  the 
lessee. 

Hendricks  Mine.  This  property  comprising  80  acres  of  patented 
land,  is  in  Section  24,  T.  13  S.,  R.  8  E.,  23  miles  east  of  Tres  Pinos, 
over  a  good  auto  road  which  runs  within  one-half  mile  of  the  mine.    It 


Photo  No.    12.       Open  cut  at  Hendricks  Mine,  exposing  ledge   10'  high,   3'-6'  wide,   for  a 

distance  of   75'. 


MANGANESE    AND   CHROMIUM.  61 

lies  close  to  the  Merced  County  line,  and  less  than  two  miles  in  an 
air  line  from  the  Briggs  Mine.  The  elevation  at  the  tunnel  is  1930 
ft.  It  is  reached  by  a  trail  from  the  road,  which  could  be  extended  up 
to  the  workings  with  little  cost.  The  jasper  beds  with  which  is  associ- 
ated a  deposit  of  manganese  oxides,  outcrop  prominently  for  several 
hundred  feet,  striking  almost  due  east.  An  open  cut  or  trench 
has  been  made  along  the  croppiugs  for  75  feet.  In  this  trench  is  un- 
covered an  orebody  which  varies  from  6'  to  10'  in  width.  About  50' 
below  this  working,  a  tunnel  has  been  driven  for  135  ft.  It  cuts  the 
deposit  at  about  80  ft.  from  the  portal,  probably  a  continuation  of  that 
exposed  in  the  working  above.  The  ore  is  psilomelane.  It  is  in  the  red 
jasper,  and  in  places  is  intermixed  with  it.  The  deposit  is  said  to 
have  been  first  worked  over  30  years  ago,  but  there  is  no  record  of  any 
commercial  production.  It  is  one  of  the  most  favorable  prospects  vis- 
ited and,  judging  from  the  ore  body  now  exposed,  should  develop  into 
a  good  mine.  The  only  reason  that  can  be  attributed  for  its  idleness 
at  the  present  time,  is  the  high  price  at  which  the  property  was  held 
for  many  years.  This  discouraged  operators  and  the  owners  did  not 
care  to  develop  it  themselves.  The  owners  are  T.  H.  Hackett,  Mrs.  Anna 
Briggs,  and  L.  E.  Thornton.  Dan  McPhail  of  Hollister,  is  agent.  Late 
in  1917  this  property  was  leased  to  John  Burmeister.  His  local  agent, 
G.  W.  Grayson,  planned  early  development. 
Bibl. :  Bull.  38,  p.  336. 

Lewis  Ranch.  A  small  deposit  of  manganese  ore  associated  with 
jasper,  outcrops  near  the  top  of  a  mountain  in  Section  7,  T.  13  S.,  R.  8  E. 
This  deposit  adjoins  that  of  the  Fries  Ranch  in  Section  8,  and  is  of  the 
same  character.  The  road  from  Hollister  and  Tres  Pinos  extends  to 
the  ranch  house  below  the  deposit.  No  work  has  been  done  on  it  and 
the  property  is  idle.    William  Lewis,  Tres  Pinos,  Cal.,  is  the  owner. 

SAN  BERNARDINO  COUNTY. 

Despite  the  handicaps  imposed  by  desert  conditions,  the  production  of 
manganese  ore  has  made  a  fair  start  toward  commercial  success  in 
San  Bernardino  County.  While  the  output  to  date  has  come  largely 
from  a  single  property,  undoubtedly  in  a  highly  mineralized  area  of  this 
size  (20,157  sq.  mi.)  other  manganese  deposits,  now  undeveloped,  will 
in  due  time  contribute. 

Black  Prince  Group.  The  holdings  consist  of  four  claims  situated 
on  the  north  slope  of  the  Avawatz  Mountains,  about  35  miles  west  of 
Riggs  Station,  on  the  Tonopah  and  Tidewater  Railroad.  Massive  iron 
stained  croppings  of  brecciated  andesite  strike  east,  and  are  cut 
by  a  series  of  small  veins  of  manganese.  There  is  no  possibility 
of  developing  any  tonnage  on  the  property,  and  what  has  been  developed 


62  CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 

by  a  5-foot  shaft  .shows  a  liigh  silica  content.    It  is  owned  by  C.  S.  Van 
Horn  and  C.  E.  Berkhart,  of  Daggett,  California. 

Emma  Manganese  Claims.  Two  manganese  claims  known  as  the 
Emma  No.  1  and  Emma  No.  2  are  owned  by  Euben  Stenton  of  Silver 
Lake.  These  claims  are  located  on  a  ridge  one  mile  north  of  the 
Owls  Head  Manganese  Mine  in  the  Owl  Mountains,  at  an  elevation 
of  2800  ft.  They  are  about  36  miles  slightly  north  and  west  of 
Riggs,  or  45  miles  northwest  of  Silver  Lake,  both  stations  un 
the  Tonopah  and  Tidewater  Railroad,  north  of  Ludlov^^  The  Owl 
Mountains  are  a  small  group  southwest  of  Death  Valley  Narrows.  A 
short  crosscut  tunnel  has  been  driven  20  ft.  cutting  a  contact  between 
limestone  and  granite,  and  developing  12  inches  of  ore  on  the  contact. 
This  ore  is  a  high  grade  pyrolusite  and  the  outcrop  along  the  contact 
can  be  traced  for  several  hundred  feet  on  the  surface. 

Lavic  Mountain  Deposit.  Seven  claims  are  embraced  in  this  prop- 
erty, which  is  located  five  miles  by  road  northwest  of  Ludlow.  The 
claims  are,  however,  within  two  miles  of  the  Tonopah  &  Tidewater 
tracks.  The  Lavic  Mountains,  in  which  they  are  situated,  are  a  typical 
low  mountain  range  of  the  desert  country.  A  series  of  parallel  veins  of 
manganese  ore  outcrop  in  this  range,  striking  N.  60°  W.  and  cutting  a 
rhyolite  breccia.  The  outcrops  are  strong  and  may  be  followed  for  a 
distance  of  a  mile  in  length.  On  the  northwest  end  of  the  claims  there 
is  an  open  cut  three  feet  deep  on  a  fracture  striking  N.  60°  W.,  exposing 
two  and  one-half  feet  of  ore.  Elevation  2900  ft.  Fifty  feet  southeast 
of  this  open  cut  is  a  second  one  showing  three  feet  of  pyrolusite  ore. 
On  the  southeast  end  of  the  claims,  there  are  two  open  cuts  on  the  same 
veins  as  the  above  which  show  five  feet  of  ore,  the  manganese,  however, 
being  intermixed  with  a  brecciated  material  which  makes  it  run  higher 
in  silica.  Three  hundred  feet  east  of  this  vein  there  is  another  vein 
striking  N.  60°  W.,  upon  which  a  number  of  prospect  holes  show  from 
12  inches  to  one  and  one-half  feet  of  ore.  About  fifty  tons  of  ore 
have  been  extracted  from  these  open  cuts  but  it  evidently  runs  high  in 
silica.  The  owners  of  this  property  are  Alf  Seymour,  T.  D.  Garringer 
and  L.  V.  Root,  all  of  Daggett. 

Owls  Hole  Manganese  Mine.  This  mine  first  opened  up  in  1914, 
has  a  substantial  production  record,  and  under  the  name  of  either  the 
Owls  Head  or  Owls  Hole  Manganese  ]\Iine  is  probably  the  best  known 
deposit  of  manganese  ore  in  the  southern  counties.  The  property  is  in 
the  Owl  ]\Iountains  southwest  of  Death  Valley  Narrows  at  the  southern 
end  of  the  valley,  in  the  same  locality  as  the  Emma  manganese  claims 
previously  described.  It  is  a  little  northwest  of  the  Owls  Hole  Spring, 
a  source  of  water  supply  and  35  miles  north  of  west  from  Riggs,  the 
shipping  point  on  the  Tonopah  and  Tidewater  Railroad,  The  property 
includes  21  claims,  which  lie  at  an  average  elevation  of  2400  ft. 


MANGANESE    AND    CHROMIUM. 


63 


The  ore  occurs  along  a  series  of  fault  fractures  which  strike  north- 
west and  southeast  in  a  granite  formation,  and  also  as  lenses  along  the 
contact  between  the  granite  and  overlying  limestone  or  granite  eon- 
glomerate.  This  limestone  at  one  time  probably  covered  the  whole  area 
of  the  granite  formation,  but  has  since  been  eroded.  Along  the  fractures 
which  are  more  or  less  parallel,  two  shafts  have  been  sunk  to  a  depth 
of  60  feet.  The  ore  developed  in  these  workings  shows  a  width  of  four 
to  six  feet,  and  is  a  good  grade  pyrolusite.  There  is  also  an  open  cut  50 
feet  in  length  on  a  parallel  vein  50  feet  west  of  the  north  shaft  which 
shows  three  feet  of  good  ore  on  its  south  face. 


Photo   No.    13.       Owl's   Hole   Manganese   Mine,    San    Bernardino   County,   showing   bunkers  and 
glory  hole.     At   contact  of  limestone   and   granitic   conglomerate. 

About  one  and  one-half  miles  northwest  of  these  workings  is  an  open 
cut  showing  four  feet  of  ore.  This  cut  is  one-half  mile  from  the  wagon 
road.  There  is  also  on  the  ridge  above  this  open  cut,  a  large  man- 
ganiferous  iron  outcrop  200  to  300  feet  long  and  about  50  to  75 
feet  wide.  First-class  ore  as  shipped  carries  70%  MnOo  and  less  than 
1%  of  Fe.^Oo.  Second  class  ore  carries  about  40%  MnO..  The  ore  is 
trammed  from  the  main  shaft  to  bunkers,  where  it  is  loaded  in  trucks 
and  hauled  to  Riggs  Station. 

North  of  the  shaft  in  an  arroyo  there  is  an  open  cut  where  the 
manganese  occurs  on  the  contact  of  limestone  and  a  granitic  conglome- 
rate. The  croppings  at  this  point  are  about  50  feet  wide  and  the  ore 
is  intermixed  with  the  granitic  conglomerate.  At  the  edge  of  the  glory 
hole  a  shaft  has  been  sunk  to  a  depth  of  60  ft.  These  workings  are  on 
the  northeast  edge  of  a  wash,  the  orebody  striking  N.  45°  W.    By  sorting 


64  CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 

the  ore  from  the  glory  hole  and  shaft,  a  good  tonnage  could  be  mined 
from  this  point. 

Owing  to  litigation,  the  mine  is  at  present  idle.  Alexander  Yoeman, 
of  Silver  Lake,  is  the  owner.  An  office  is  maintained  at  420  Union  Oil 
Bldg.,  Los  Angeles. 

SAN  JOAQUIN   COUNTY. 

For  a  general  description  of  the  San  Joaquin  County  area,  see  under 
Alameda  Connty, ^ante,  and  accompanying  map  (Plate  II). 

Crocker  Properties.     M.  I.  Crocker,  No.  1023  Insurance  Exchange 
Building,  San  Francisco,  owner.    These  include  a  number  of  sections  of 
land  in  the  southwest  corner  of  San  Joaquin  County,  among  which 
manganese  has  been  noted  on  Sec.  3'5,  T.  4  S.,  R.  4  E.,  M.  D.  M.    Un-   ^ 
developed.  i 

Cummings  Lease.     See  Winship  Properties.  I 

Ladd  Mine.     Providence  Exploration  Co.,  owner;  M.  C,  Seagrave,  s 
manager;  Balboa  Building,  San  Francisco.     The  first  manganese  min-   ; 
.ing  in  California  was  done  in  1867  at  this  property  which  is  located  in 
Corral  Hollow  in  Sec.  2,  T.  4  S.,  R.  4  E.,  twelve  miles  southwest  of  v 
Tracy.     It  was  opened  by  A.  S.  Ladd  and  worked  by  him  until.  1874,    ^ 
during  which  time  about  5000  tons  of  ore  were  shipped  to  England.* 
In  1874  it  was  bought  by  Justinian  Caire  of  San  Francisco,  but  shortly 
afterwards  shipments  of  California  ore  to  England  were  stopped  by  the 
impossibility  of  competing  with  Spanish  manganese,  so  that  compar- 
atively little  ore  was  produced  for  many  years.  In  1916  it  was  taken 
over  by  Mr.  Seagrave,  and  has  since  become  the  largest  single  producer 
in  the  state. 

The  ore  is  deposited  in  a  well-defined  body  between  jasper  walls, 
and  in  previous  reports  has  been  described  as  a  filling  in  a  fault  fissure. 
The  later  and  more  extensive  developments  seem  to  indicate  that  it  is 
an  interbedded  deposit  with  the  Franciscan  cherts  or  jaspers  similar 
to  the  others  in  this  district  except  that  it  is  more  extensive.  It  strikes 
N.  10°  to  30°  W.,  dipping  southwest  from  quite  flat  to  nearly  vertical, 
the  average  being  40°.  It  has  been  exposed  along  the  strike  for  about 
2000  feet  varying  in  Avidth  up  to  30  feet,  but  averaging  4  to  5  feet. 
The  best  and  largest  ore  shoots  have  been  found  where  the  dip  flattens 
out.  The  ore  in  the  main  body  is  the  hard  massive  oxide,  black  or  steel 
gray  in  color,  and  without  crystalline  structure  so  that  it  is  impossible 
to  distinguish  the  particular  oxide  present,  manganite,  psilomelane  or 
pyrolusite. 

In  places  the  walls  are  clayey.  Here  the  ore  is  powdery  and  soft,  blue 
black  in  color,  and  generally  intermixed  with  the  clay.     In  the  lower 


♦Arkansas   Geological   Survey,    Ann.    Report   1890,   vol.    1. 


I 


MANGANESE    AND    CHROMIUM. 


65 


workings  of  the  mine,  below  water  level  in  the  shaft,  and  in  the  lowest 
tunnel  known  as  the  water-tnnnel,  rhodoehrosite,  the  carbonate  of  man- 
ganese, occurs.  This  ore,  first  encountered  in  the  Fabian  shaft,  was  for 
many  years  thought  to  be  gangue  material  and  its  prevalence  there  led 
to  the  abandonment  of  the  shaft  until  quite  recently. 


Photo  No.   14.      Ladd  Mine,  looking  southeasterly  from  Fabian  shaft,  showing 
open   cut   along  strike   of  orebody. 

The  presence  of  the  carbonate  ore  at  lower  depths  indicates  that  the 
ore  was  all  originally  deposited  as  the  carbonate,  but  in  the  zone  of 
oxidation  is  being  reduced  to  the  oxides,  as  the  carbonate  ore  in  the 
presence  of  air  changes  over  into  the  soft  black  oxide. 

The  property  is  developed  by  three  tunnels  in  the  southeastern  por- 
tion of  the  section  and  by  the  Fabian  incline  shaft  near  the  north  line, 
the  collar  of  the  shaft  being  2000  feet  northeast  of  the  portal  of  the 


5— 3S958 


66 


CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 


"water"  tunnel.  The  shaft  is  sunk  100  feet  on  the  vein,  which  here 
averages  from  3  to  4  feet  in  width  throughout  its  length.  Both  the 
oxides  and  the  carbonates  occur  here,  the  latter  having  been  deposited 
along  the  clay  walls.  When  visited,  the  shaft  had  only  been  unwatered  a 
few  days  and  no  drifts  had  been  driven  along  the  vein.  The  ore  body 
was  being  stoped  both  to  north  and  south  from  a  point  about  forty 
feet  below  collar  of  shaft.  Mr.  Seagrave  states  that  this  has  since  been 
worked  out,  and  proved  to  be  only  a  lens. 

The  "water"  or  "spring"  tunnel  (main  working  tunnel)  has  been 
driven  about  300  feet  along  the  vein,  359  feet  in  vertical  elevation 


Photo  No.   IS.       White  Good-Roads  Truck,  used  by  Western   Rock  Products   Company  in  haul- 
ing manganese  ore  from  the  Ladd   Mine,   San  Joaquin  County.     This  same  truck 
was  used  by  A.    A.    Haskins  at   Hollister  for  hauling  dolomite. 

below  the  croppings,  and  at  about  the  same  elevation  as  the  collar  of 
the  shaft.  The  vein  here  varies  up  to  30  feet  in  width,  and  the  ore  is 
high  grade,  both  carbonate  and  oxides.  Considerable  stoping  is  being 
done  above  this  level. 

The  "Red"  tunnel  is  75  feet  vertically  above  the  water  tunnel.  It 
was  driven  to  crosscut  the  vein,  and  then  follows  it  for  150  feet.  The 
upper  tunnel,  85  feet  vertically  above  the  middle  tunnel  is  400  feet 
long,  following  the  vein.  There  is  an  intermediate  tunnel  between  the 
Eed  tunnel  and  upper  tunnel,  54  feet  along  the  vein,  connected  with 
the  upper  tunnel  by  a  40-ft.  raise,  entirely  in  ore.  From  the  upper 
tunnel  there  is  a  raise  to  the  surface,  but  it  is  not  in  the  vein  as  the  ore 


J 


MANGANESE   AND    CHROMIUM. 


{)( 


])od\  is  I'aiiltcd  Iicit,  and  oll'si-ls  scvci-al  fe'ct.  Tlic  outcrops  liavc  been 
worked  by  large  open  cuts  so  that  little  ore  remains  exposed  at  the  sur- 
face. Several  thousand  tons  of  hi.i;h  g:rade  ore  Avere  blocked  out  in  the 
mine,  when  visited,  and  it  lias  been  estimated  that  there  are  about 
10,000  tons  of  low  grade  ore  in  the  dumps,  that  could  be  recovered  by 
jigging. 

The  ore  was  hauled  from  the  mine  by  motor  trucks,  later  by  bottom- 
dump  wagons,  1^  miles  to  the  crushing  and  screening  plant,  at  ]\Ian- 
ganese  Siding  on  the  Tesla  branch  line  of  the  AVestern  Pacific  Rail- 


Photo   No.    16.       Aerial  tramway  on   Sec.    13,   T.   4   S.,   R.   4   E..   M.  D.  M.,   San  Joaquin 
County,  used  by   Manganese   Company  of  California. 

road.  The  capacity  of  the  plant  is  two  tons  per  hour,  the  finest  ore 
shipped  to  glass  factories,  and  the  coarse  ore  to  steel  companies.  The 
production  averages  about  25  tons  daily  with  forty  men  employed. 

Bibl.:   Repts.  X,  p.  564;  XIII,  p.  507;  XIV,  p.  620.    U.  S.  G.  S. 
Bui.  427,  p.  166.     Arkansas  Geol.  Surv.,  Ann.  Rep.  1890,  Vol.  I. 

Wiltsee  Lease,     See  Winship  Properties. 

Winship  Properties.  K.  D.  Winship,  850  Post  Street,'  San  Fran- 
cisco, owner.  These  include  a  number  of  sections  of  land  in  the  south- 
east corner  of  San  Joaquin  County,  on  some  of  which  manganese  ore 
has  been  developed  and  shipments  made.  The  following  contain  man- 
ganese mines  or  prospects:  Sec.  3,  11,  and  13,  T.  4  S.,  R.  4  E.,  and  Sec. 


68 


CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING  BUREAU. 


19,  T.  4  S.,  R.  5  E.,  M.  I).  ^L  The  above-noted  Sec.  11  adjoins  the 
Ladd  Mine  on  the  south,  and  a])parentl3^  the  Ladd  vein  system  extends 
into  it.  Across  on  the  south  side  of  the  canon,  opposite  the  Ladd  mine, 
a  tunnel  was  driven  in  about  100  ft.,  on  a  manganese  lead  which  out- 
crops on  a  ridge  about  50  ft.  above  it.     There  are  two  or  three  short 


Photo  No.   17.     Slope  in  manganese  mine   (Winship) — Wiltsee  Lease — Sec.   13, 
T.   4   S.,   R.   4   E.,   M.  D.  M.,   San  Joaquin   County,  southeast  of  Tesla. 

crosscuts  and  one  small  stope  from  which  some  ore  was  shipped  unaer 
the  Doak  Lease  in  1915.  There  is  a  chute  17"  wide  which  carried  the 
ore  to  a  wagon  road  in  the  bottom  of  the  caiion.  On  a  ridge  above  the 
tunnel  there  are  two  parallel  outcroppings,  a  few  feet  apart  from  which 
ore  has  been  taken  out  in  shallow,  open  cuts.  About  100  ft.  westerly- 
there  is  a  small  outcrop  of  promising  looking  material,  but  no  work  has 
as  yet  been  done  on  it.  i 


MANGANESE   AND    CHROMIUM.  69 

On  Sec.  13,  above  noted,  the  Manganese  Company  of  California 
(Wiltsee  Lease)  did  considerable  work  during  1916,  including  roads, 
aerial  tram,  and  underground  developments.  The  tramway  is  gravity 
operated,  one  bucket  on  each  rope,  the  loaded  one  raising  the  empty 
to  the  loading  bin,  and  crosses  a  deep  caiion,  saving  at  least  two  miles 
of  wagon  road.     See  Photo  No.  16. 

The  mine  workings  consist  of  about  800  feet  or  so  of  drifts  and 
crosscuts,  and  a  stope  up  to  25'  or  30'  long,  extending  from  the  sur- 
face down  to  a  depth  of  approximately  150'.  The  stulls  supporting  it 
are  up  to  10'  in  length.  See  Photo  No.  17.  This  particular  lens  of 
manganese  ore,  so  far  as  developed,  appears  to  have  been  worked  out, 
the  material  left  around  the  edges  being  somewhat  mixed  with  silica, 
and  narrower  in  width.  The  strike  of  the  "vein"  in  the  stope  at  the 
surface  is  approximately  N.  20°  E.,  and  has  a  dip  about  70°  NW. 
Judging  from  occasional  bits  of  ore  lying  about,  some  high  grade  man- 
ganese must  have  been  shipped  out  from  here.  Along  the  ridge  a 
short  distance  to  the  right  from  the  present  workings  are  some  out- 
croppings  of  manganiferous  chert.  Though  this  particular  lens 
appears  to  have  been  worked  out,  there  is  no  reason  to  believe  that 
others  like  it  may  not  be  opened  up  with  further  exploration  work. 
In  fact,  in  practically  all  of  this  Tesla-Franciscan  district,  the  man- 
ganese ore,  where  found  in  commercial  quantities  is  in  recurrent  lenses. 

Both  of  these  sections  are  at  present  (November,  1917)  under  lease 
to  James  J.  and  Frank  E.  Cummings,  Livermore,  who  have  begun 
shipment  from  Sec.  13.  They  report  having  opened  up  another  lens 
of  ore  (or  a  continuation  of  the  other)  by  crosscutting.  They  also 
have  a  lease  on  Sec.  3,  T.  4  S.,  R.  4  E.,  on  Corral  Hollow,  Alameda 
County;  also  on  Sec.  17  and  19,  T.  5  S.,  R.  6  E.,  on  the  South  Branch 
of  Ingram  Creek,  Stanislaus  County. 

SAN  LUIS  OBISPO   COUNTY. 

Small  deposits  of  manganese  ore  have  been  noticed  from  time  to  time 
in  the  western  part  of  the  county,  but  the  price  of  ore,  previous  to  the 
war,  did  not  justify  any  systematic  investigation,  and  practically  no 
work  was  done  to  prove  the  availability  of  the  deposits.  (See  Plate  III.) 
Recently  the  attractive  price  and  strong  demand  have  led  to  the  opening 
of  two  properties  which  are  now  producing  on  a  small  scale,  and  other 
prospects  are  now  being  developed. 

The  manganese  occurs  as  oxides,  both  hard  and  soft,  but  appar- 
ently the  best  of  the  ore  is  largely  psilomelane,  near  the  surface  and 
hausmannite  at  greater  depth.  It  occurs  as  irregular  shaped  bunches 
and  as  seam  fillings  in  tlie  Franciscan  chert.  The  chert  lentils  are 
common  on  the  east  slope  of  the  San  Tjuis  range  from  the  line  of  the 
Pacific  Coast  railroad  northwestward  and  also  along  the  west  slope  of 


70  CALIFORNIA    STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 

the  Santa  Lucia  Mountains  through  the  entire  length  of  the  count\'. 
Known  deposits  of  manganese  are  widel}^  distributed  in  both  these  Fran- 
ciscan belts,  and  other  deposits  may  be  reasonal)ly  looked  for  wherever 
the  chert  is  found.  The  known  occurrences  are  rather  small  and  some 
show  a  high  content  of  silica.  The  chert  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
ore  pockets  is  usually  stained  black,  giving  the  impression  of  greater 
bodies  of  ore  than  really  exist. 

Evans  Mang-anese  Prospects.  W.  &  J.  Evans,  San  Simeon,  owners. 
There  are  two  prospects  located  on  steep  hills  above  San  Carpojaro 
Creek,  one  in  Section  3,  T.  25  S.,  R.  6  E.,  and  the  other  two  miles  dis- 
tant. While  only  a  short  distance  from  the  ocean,  the  ore  would  have 
to  be  taken  down  steep  sloi)es  to  reach  the  road  whicli  follows  the  bed 
of  San  Carpojaro  Creek,  and  there  would  be  a  haul  of  five  and  seven 
miles,  respectively,  to  the  creek's  mouth,  with  some  road  repairing 
necessary  before  hauling  could  be  done.  San  Simeon  is  about  12  miles 
from  the  mouth  of  the  creek,  over  a  fair  road. 

The  J.  Elvans  prospect  shows  manganese  oxides  in  a  jasper  lens  100 
feet  in  width,  with  a  strong  outcrop  that  can  be  traced  for  a  consider- 
able distance  on  the  surface.  The  strike  of  the  lens  is  N.  60°  E.,  and 
the  cropping  is  heavily  stained  with  manganese  for  a  width  of  60  feet. 
Several  shallow  holes  have  been  sunk  along  the  outcrop,  in  which  some 
manganese  ore  apparently  carrying  a  good  deal  of  silica  shows.  The 
W.  Evans  prospect  shows  a  pocket  of  manganese  oxides  five  feet  wide. 
Recent  assays  indicate  48%  and  37%  metallic  manganese,  respectively, 
with  8%,  silica.  A  previous  assay  indicated  much  less  manganese  and 
a  very  high  silica  content.  As  noted  elsewhere,  the  manganese  oxides 
are  in  bunches,  which  grade  into  material  stained  black,  which  resem- 
bles ore  but  is  nearly  all  silica.  An  investigation  of  such  deposits  must 
take  into  consideration  the  size  of  ore  pockets.  Probably  there  is 
some  good  ore  in  most  of  the  manganese  deposits  in  the  county ;  but  the ; 
factors  which  will  determine  their  availability  for  mining  are  the  size] 
and  distribution  of  the  bunches  of  ore. 

Hearst  Ranch  Prospect.  This  is  a  newly  found  deposit  of  man-] 
ganese  oxides  in  chert.  It  is  located  on  the  Hearst  property  on  San* 
Simeon  Creek,  three  miles  from  the  wharf  at  San  Simeon.  A  good! 
showing  is  reported,  but  no  analysis  has  been  made.  Because  of  the] 
short  haul  to  the  steamer,  it  is  believed  that  the  prospect  will  be  opened 
immediately  by  the  owner's  agents,  with  a  view  to  shipping  if  ore  is] 
developed. 

Hobson  Claims.  W.  K.  Hobson  of  Cayucos  has  several  claims] 
originally  located  for  copper  and  chrome  on  which  there  is  a  cropping] 
of  chert,   or  jasper,   10  to   15  ft.   wide.     The  jasper  strata  contains 


MANGANESE   AND    CHROMIUM.  71 

bunches  and  coatings  of  manganese  oxides.  The  chiinis  are  8  miles 
east  of  Cayucos  on  the  west  side  of  the  Santa  Lucia  range  between  Morro 
and  Toro  creeks.  It  is  probable  that  this  deposit  is  a  continuation  of 
that  found  on  the  Phelan  ranch,  near  Cambria,  and  described  later. 

Johe  Ranch  Deposit.  On  the  George  M.  Johe  Ranch  in  Clark 
Valley,  some  large  boulders  of  float  have  been  found  in  a  caiion  one- 
half  mile  east  of  the  ranch  house.  The  property  is  ten  miles  southwest 
of  San  Luis  Obispo.  Five  men  are  employed  in  prospecting  for  ore 
in  place.  The  mineral  rights  have  been  leased  by  the  California  i\Ian- 
ganese  Co.,  180  Sutter  Street,  San  Francisco.  No  ore  has  been  shipped 
yet,  but  an  assay  indicates  78%  MnOa  and  1^%  silica,  which  probably 
represents  the  very  best  of  the  ore. 

Phelan  Ranch  Deposits.  These  deposits  are  on  patented  agricul- 
tural land  and  are  owned  by  Phelan  L.  &  C.  Co. — R.  and  Jeff 
Phelan,  post  office,  Cambria.  They  are  situated  in  the  Pine  Moun- 
tain district,  in  T.  27  S.,  R.  8  E.,  8  miles  from  Cambria,  the  nearest 
town,  and  34  miles  from  San  Luis  Obispo.  It  is  six  miles  from  the 
ranch  house  to  the  deposit.  Deep  water  transportation  is  found  at 
San  Simeon,  about  10  miles  distant.  The  deposit  occurs  as  a  bold  out- 
crop on  the  slope  of  a  hill  and  as  float  on  top  of  the  hill.  The  elevation 
is  1700  ft.  A  strata,  or  lens  of  blue,  red,  brown  and  green  jasper  12  ft. 
in  width  strikes  N.  50°  W.,  and  dips  20°  to  40°  north.  Three  promi- 
nent outcrops  of  manganese  oxides  in  irregular  masses  of  comparative 
purity,  alternate  with  chert  or  jasper  and  all  percentages  of  silica  and 
manganese  oxides  are  exposed  in  the  croppings  along  the  vein  for  200 
yds.  The  float  ore  found  on  the  top  of  the  hill  above  the  vein  exposure 
may  indicate  folding  or  flattening  of  the  vein,  or  another  parallel  lens. 
Recent  assays  of  samples  from  this  deposit  indicated  a  high  silica  and 
low  manganese  content,  but  the  haphazard  method  by  which  some  of 
the  manganese  prospects  in  the  county  are  sampled,  make  it  unsafe  to 
place  much  reliance  on  the  results  obtained. 

Riccioli  Prospect.  Victor  Riccioli,  Cayucos,  owner.  Located  one- 
quarter  mile  from  the  road  between  Cayucos  and  Cambria,  and  seven 
miles  southeast  of  the  latter.  The  prospect  is  very  well  located  for 
mining  and  is  within  28  miles  of  the  railroad  at  San  Luis  Obispo.  The 
chert  outcrop  strikes  northwest  and  carries  irregular  shaped  masses  of 
mixed  manganese  oxides  in  three  places.  There  are  two  bunches  of 
apparently  fair  grade  material  with  a  maxinuim  width  of  4^  ft.  at  the 
surface.  These  outcrop  about  50  feet  apart,  and  there  is  probably  some 
ore  under  the  surface  between  them.  The  manganiferous  outcrop  is 
about  100  feet  long  here.  Signs  of  manganese  in  the  chert  along  the 
strike  to  the  southeast,  and  in  a  stream  canyon  to  the  northeast,  have 
been  noted  but  not  prospected.     A  little  drilling  has  been  done  on  the 


72 


CiULiIFORNIA    STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 


two  bunches  mentioned  above,  but  they  have  not  been  uncovered,  and  no 
work  has  been  done  along  the  outcrop  to  determine  the  continuity  of  the 
deposit.  This  property  has  been  leased  (April,  1918)  by  J.  A.  Faucher 
et  al.,  of  Oakland,  and  a  small  force  will  be  put  to  work  at  once.  Two 
picked  samples  assayed  by  A.  A.  Hanks  showed  56%  and  51%  man- 
ganese, with  silica  not  determined.  A  previous  sample,  said  to  carry 
more  than  the  allowable  percentage  of  silica,  may  have  come  from  the 
leaner  portion  of  the  chert,  which  is  stained  black  for  several  feet  on 
each  side  of  the  ore  pockets. 


Photo   No.    17a.      Staneuch   Ranch,   or   Prefumo   Canon   Manganese   Deposit,    San   Luis   Obispo 
County,   showing   lower   tunnel.      Manganese   Company   of   California,   lessee. 

Staneuch  Ranch  Deposit.  The  mineral  rights  on  200  acres  of  this 
ranch  have  been  leased  by  the  IManganese  Co.  of  California,  180  Sutter 
Street,  San  Francisco.  JMining  of  manganese  ore  is  going  on  at  three 
places  on  a  steep  hillside,  the  highest  opening  being  about  850  feet 
above  sea  level.  The  property  is  in  the  Prefumo  Caiion  district,  west 
of  San  Luis  Obispo,  to  which  place  the  ore  is  hauled  over  eight  miles 
of  good  road.  The  original  strike  of  the  chert  lentil  has  been  dis- 
turbed by  sliding  and  the  seams  of  ore  cross  it  transversely  as  well  as 
parallel  to  the  strike.  The  mine  workings  are  small.  The  largest 
bunch  of  ore  taken  out  so  far  was  ragged  and  irregular  in  shape,  with  a 
height  of  ten  feet  and  wddth  of  one  to  four  feet,  high  grade  enough  to 
ship.  Several  carloads  have  been  shipped.  Three  tunnels  at  different 
elevations  below  this  opening,  are  being  driven  to  develop  similar  show- 
ings, and  several  short  tunnels  are  also  being  put  into  a  steep  hillside 
a  mile  distant  where  open  cuts  revealed  ore  in  bunches  over  a  distance 
of  500  feet. 


MANGANESE   AND    CHROMIUM. 


73 


The  best  ore  noticed  was  blue-black,  has  a  hardness  about  5  to  5.5,  and 
a  conchoidal  fracture.  It  was  probably  mostly  psilomelane,  although 
it  is  said  that  considerable  soft  ore  is  found  also. 


-»i.»*»>>f!^ 


«#' 


Vest  side  of  canon. 
Manganese 

49.4 

Silica 

6.8 

Manganese  dioxide 

GO.O 

Photo   No.    17b.      Staneuch   Ranch,   or   Prefumo    Canon   Manganese    Deposit,    showing  tunnels 

on  stope  of  ridge. 

The  following  analyses  of  car  samples  by  Geo.  A.  James  show  the 
[  quality  of  ore  from  two  places  where  mining  is  going  on : 

East  side  of  canon. 

Manganese  sesquioxide S.8 

Manganese  dioxide 78.1 

Iron    sesquioxide   3.04 

Moisture    2.1 

Organic   matter 0.4 

Calcium   carbonate    0.22 

Copper  oxide  0.094 

Silica    3.32 

Alumina    .GO 

Magnesia Trace 

Water    2.4 

Phosphorus .28 

Kesults  obtained  here  indicate  in  a  general  way  what  may  reasonably 
be  expected  from  similar  prospects  in  the  county. 

Welsh  Ranch  Deposit.  On  Welsh  Ranch,  eight  miles  west  of  San 
Luis  Obispo,  a  deposit  of  manganese  has  been  discovered  in  Lot  74  of 
Rancho  Los  Osos.  On  a  ridge  south  of  C'lark  Valley  Creek,  a  large 
lens  of  jasper  outcrops  from  300  to  500  yards  long.  Tlie  manganese 
ore  occurs  as  three  parallel  veins,  with  a  north  and  south  course. 
The  ore  in  this  lens  is  exposed  in  three  tunnels  and  several  sur- 
face workings.     In  a  tunnel  on  the  west  end  of  the  jasper  lens,  a 


74 


CALIFORNIA    STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 


thicloiess  of  two  and  a  half  to  five  feet  of  manganese  ore  has  been 
exposed.  This  vein  dips  40°  E.  Above  the  tunnel,  the  vein  has  been 
exposed  for  a  distance  of  several  hundred  feet. 

A  couple  hundred  feet  east  of  these  workings,  in  an  open  cut, 
another  vein  of  manganese  ore  has  been  exposed,  showing  five  feet  of 
manganese  oxides.  At  a  lower  elevation,  a  tunnel  is  being  driven  south 
to  develop  the  ore  exposed  on  surface.  About  300  feet  east  of  these 
workings,  another  vein  has  been  exposed  by  a  short  tunnel  and  open  cut. 
The  vein  has  a  thickness  of  five  feet  and  strikes  north  and  south  with  a 
dip  to  the  east.     The  ore  is  a  black  oxide  and  occurs  as  a  coating  of 


Photo  No.   17c.       No.    1   Tunnel  of  Welsh  Manganese   Deposit,   Clarke   Valley,   San   Luis  Obispo 
County,  showing   5'  vein   of  manganese.      Noble    Electric   Steel   Company,   lessee. 

seams  and  as  nearly  pure  masses  in  the  jasper.  Thirty  men  are  em- 
ployed on  development  work  and  in  constructing  roads.  Owner,  Welsh 
Estate,  San  Luis  Obispo.     Under  lease  to  Noble  Electric  Steel  Company. 

Bibl. :  U.  S.  G.  S.  Folio  101,  H.  W.  Fairbanks;  Bulletin  427,  E.  C. 
Harder;  California  State  Mining  Bureau,  Mines  and  INIineral 
Resources  of  San  Luis  Obispo  and  other  counties,  1916. 


SANTA  BARBARA  COUNTY. 

Manganese  ore  deposits  in  Santa  Barbara  County  are  of  small  dimen- 
sions.   A  few  occurrences  have  been  noted,  but  they  remain  undisturbed. 

La  Lag-una  Ranch  Deposits.  The  La  Laguna  Ranch  Company, 
W.  M.  Bradley,  Secy.,  320  Chamber  of  Commerce  Bldg.,  Pasadena,  Cal., 
is  the  owner  of  this  property,  which  is  located  10  miles  northeast 
of  Los  Olivos,  two  miles  beyond  and  north  of  the  Cavanaugh  Ranch. 


MANGANESE    AND    CIIKOMIUM.  (O 

From  tile  latter  ranch  there  is  a  good  wagon  road  eight  miles  in  length 
to  Los  Olivos,  where  the  nearest  rail  connection  is  fonnd. 

On  a  ridge  northeast  of  Figueroa  Canon  a  number  of  small  chert 
or  jasper  lenses  outcrop.  The  most  noticeable  ore  occurrence  is  along 
a  jasper  lens,  striking  east  and  west  where  manganese  minerals  are 
exposed  in  several  places.  They  are  the  usual  commercial  ore  minerals 
and  appear  to  be  of  good  grade,  but  as  the  jasper  lenses  are  small,  there 
does  not  seem  to  be  any  extent  to  the  deposit.  A  sample  of  ore  from  the 
outcrop  ran  as  follows:  MnO._,  70.62%,  metallic  manganese  45.5%, 
silica  12.35%.    No  development  work  has  been  attempted. 

SANTA  CLARA  COUNTY. 

INlanganese  ores  occur  in  that  mountainous  region  in  the  extreme 
northeast  corner  of  the  county,  the  deposits  being  similar  to  those 
found  in  the  bordering  counties,  Alameda  and  San  Joacpiin,  previously 
described  in  this  report.  Access  to  this  region  is  gained  from  Livermore 
by  a  good  auto  road,  which  follows  the  Arroyo  Mocho,  or  from  Patterson 
in  the  San  Joaquin  Valley,  by  the  Patterson  and  Western  Railroad,  a 
narrow  gauge  road,  constructed  to  haul  ores  from  the  Black  Wonder 
Mine  (see  below).  See  also  map  (Plate  II)  under  Alameda  County, 
ante. 

Comparatively  little  ore  has  been  shipped  from  the  various  deposits, 
and  they  are  mostly  prospects  which  have  been  worked  only  to  a  very 
limited  extent. 

A  huge  boulder  of  manganese  lies  on  Penitencia  Creek,  just  below 
Alum  Rock  Park.  This  boulder,  la])elled  by  the  City  of  San  Jose 
"meteorite"  was  at  one  time  thought  to  be  the  outcrop  of  a  large  vein. 
The  main  ledge  or  body  from  which  it  came  has  never  been  discovered 
and  it  is  probably  in  the  mountainous  region  at  the  head  of  the  caiion. 

The  Ala  Mountain  Mine  is  26  miles  southeast  of  Livermore  in  Sec. 
28,  T.  5  S.,  R.  4  E.,  M.  D.  B.  &  M.  A  body  of  manganese  ore  about 
four  feet  wide  was  exposed  by  an  open  cut  and  short  tunnel,  and 
some  ore  hauled  to  Livermore,  years  ago.  No  work  has  been  done  here 
recently.     The  Merchant  Estate  of  Livermore  is  the  owner. 

Bibl. :  Bull.  38,  p.  336. 

Black  Bear  Mine,  25  miles  southeast  of  Livermore,  is  in  Sec.  34, 
T.  5  S.,  R.  4  E.,  near  the  summit  of  the  west  slope  of  the  Arroyo  Mocho 
A^alley,  at  an  elevation  of  3100  feet.  Interbedded  lenses  of  manganese 
ore  occur  in  the  jasper,  some  of  them  being  3'  in  thickness  and  fairly 
extensive.  Development  consists  of  several  open  cuts  and  tunnels. 
Tli(>  property  has  been  idle  for  several  years.  D.  P.  Doak,  Rialto 
Bldg.,  San  Francisco,  is  the  ovvnei-. 

Bibl. :  Bull.  38,  pp.  336-337. 


76  CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 

Black  Bird  Prospect  is  in  the  center  of  Sec.  28,  T.  6  S.,  R.  5  E.,  and 
is  owned  by  the  Mineral  Products  Co.  When  visited,  some  small  pits 
had  been  sunk,  but  no  production  had  been  made. 

The  Black  Wonder  Properties  comprise  the  Jones  Group  in  the 
NW.  i  of  NE.  i  of  See.  27;  the  Black  Wonder  in  the  SE.  ^  of  SE.  ^ 
of  Sec.  27;  and  the  Mexican  Prospect,  in  SW.  ^  of  SE.  i  of  Sec.  27, 
T.  6  S.,  R.  5  E.,  near  the  Stanislaus  County  boundary.  It  was  formerly 
the  property  of  the  California  Manganese  Mining  Company,  of  which 
Howard  A.  Broughton  was  President,  and  is  now  owned  by  the  Mineral 
Products  Company,  with  offices  at  334  Rialto  Bldg.,  San  Francisco. 
This  company,  organized  in  1915,  is  developing  the  property  in  connec- 
tion with  its  deposits  of  chrome  in  Stanislaus  County.  A  narrow  gauge 
steam  railroad,  called  the  "Patterson  and  Western,"  was  constructed 
from  Patterson  23  miles  up  the  Cafion  del  Puerto  to  the  foot  of  Red 
Mountain,  where  Camp  Jones  has  been  established.  Here  it  connects 
with  a  2  ft.  gauge  gasoline  tramway,  five  miles  in  length,  which  runs  to 
the  Jones  Mine  near  the  top  of  the  ridge  at  an  elevation  of  2750  ft., 
almost  1000  ft.  above  the  terminus  of  the  Patterson  and  Western  Rail- 
road. 

The  manganese  deposits  on  this  group  of  claims  are  the  most  promising 
ones  thus  far  discovered  in  the  county,  and  their'  occurrence  has  been 
described  in  Harder 's  report*  as  follows: 

"The  southern  part  of  the  area  covered  by  the  claims  is  greenish- 
gray  sandstone  of  the  Franciscan  formation ;  the  northern  part  is  a 
mixture  of  jasper  and  fine  shale  interbedded.  This  jasper  area  extends 
in  a  general  east-west  direction  three  or  four  miles  between  the  sand- 
stone on  the  south  and  a  large  area  of  serpentine  on  the  north.  Where 
the  principal  manganese  ore  deposits  occur  the  jasper  shale  belt  is  about 
a  mile  wide.  The  manganese  ores  extend  as  discoiltinuous  deposits  along 
the  jasper  belt  for  more  than  a  mile  in  a  general  northwest-southeast 
direction,  the  principal  deposits  being  to  the  southeast  and  very  near 
the  sandstone  contact. 

"The  jasper-shale  formation  consists  of  beds  and  lenses  of  jasper 
interbedded  with  fine  shale.  The  jasper  may  be  thin-bedded  or  very 
heavy  bedded,  in  the  last  case  forming  prominent  outcrops.  The  beds 
generally  strike  in  the  direction  of  the  main  jasper  belt,  but  the  dips  are 
exceedingly  irregular. 

"The  manganese  ore  occurs  along  heavy  jasper  beds.  *  *  *  The 
principal  deposits,  that  is,  those  at  the  southeast  end,  are  found  along 
two  or  three  prominent  jasper  beds  300  to  500  yards  long,  which  arc 
nearly  parallel  and  50  to  200  feet  ai)art,  separated  by  thin-bedded  jasper 


♦Harder.   B.    C,   Manganese  deposits   of  the  United   States:   U.    g.   G.   S.   Bull.    427. 
pp.  162-162,  1910. 


« 


MANGANESE   AND    CHROMIUM.  7/ 

and  shade.  Of  those,  the  deposits  in  tlie  bed  farthest  sonth  are  most 
l)rominent. " 

Development  work  consists  of  two  tunn(>ls  and  several  small  open 
cuts.  At  the  Jones  Mine,  the  tunnel  is  in  about  50  ft.,  exposing  5  to 
8  ft.  of  manganese  ore  with  irregular  bunches  of  jasper  and  quartz.  The 
ore  here  is  bluish  black,  soft  and  high  grade.  About  40  tons  of  it  were 
lying  at  the  foot  of  the  tramway,  ready  to  be  hauled  to  Patterson.  At 
the  Black  "Wonder  claim,  a  tunnel  was  driven  on  the  ore  body,  but  it 
was  caved.  The  croppings  here  show  a  body  of  hard,  black  amorphous 
ore,  with  numerous  intersecting  jasper  and  quartz  seams.  Twenty  men 
were  employed  working  at  various  places  on  the  claims.  The  Black 
Wonder  lies  over  a  mile  to  the  south  of  the  Jones  Claim,  at  an  elevation 
of  3050  ft.    Only  a  trail  connects  the  two. 

The  company  erected  at  Patterson  a  factory  for  the  manufacture  of 
manganese  dioxide,  but  later  developments  led  them  to  abandon  this 
idea  and  according  to  last  reports  the  plant  is  to  be  utilized  for  making 
hydromagnesite. 

Considerably   more    development    work    is   necessary    to    determine 

whether  this  property  will  prove  a  large  producer.     The  company's 

officers  are:  A.  F.  Judd  of  Honolulu,  president;  C.  G.  Bokus,  secretary; 

Robert  Anderson,  334  Rialto  Bldg.,  San  Francisco,  General  Manager. 

Bibl. :  U.  S.  G.  S.  Bull.  427,  pp.  162-163. 

Camp  Bessie  Mine.     See  Fable  Manganese  Mine. 

Davenport  Prospect  is  on  the  Winship  properties  near  the  center  of 
the  north  line  of  Sec.  27,  T.  5  S.,  R.  4  E.,  one-half  mile  east  of  the 
Arroyo  Mocho  Road  and  25^  miles  from  Livermore.  Rather  siliceous 
manganese  oxide  occurs  in  chert  which  strikes  N.  70°  W.,  and  dips  65° 
S.    When  visited  only  one  prospect  hole  five  feet  deep  had  been  sunk. 

Davenport  and  Smith  Prospect  is  on  the  AVinship  properties  in  the 
NE.  i  of  Sec.  27,  T.  5  S.,  R.  4  E.,  one-half  mile  from  the  Arroyo  Mocho 
Road  and  25  miles  from  Livermore.  At  the  extreme  northwest  end  of 
the  claim  an  inclined  shaft  follows  the  ore  on  its  dip  southwest  for  25 
feet.  Southeast  of  this,  ore  is  exposed  in  trenches.  Ninety  feet  south- 
east of  the  shaft  there  is  a  drift  running  nearly  northwest  along  the 
strike  of  the  ore  body.  Southeast  still  farther  more  trenching  has  been 
done,  and  finally,  at  the  extreme  southeast  end,  300  feet  from  the  shaft, 
a  short  tunnel  exposes  as  much  as  five  feet  of  massive  siliceous  manga- 
nese oxide  striking  N.  50°  W.,  and  dipping  25°  to  75°  S.  W.  This 
body  is  considerably  broken  by  minor  shearing,  and  varies  in  width, 
averaging  possibly  two  and  one-half  feet. 

Doak  Mine  No.  2.  It  is  in  the  Red  Mountain  District,  25  miles 
southeast  of  Livermore  on  the  Camp  Bessie  Road,  in  Sec.  22,  T.  5  S., 


78  CALIFORNIA    STATE    MINING   BUREATT. 

K.  4  E.,  ^I.  D.  M.  A  few  ojx'u  cuts  and  short  tiuiiu'ls  liaw  been 
driven  on  some  heavy  croppings  of  manganese-stained  jasper,  developing 
a  vein  of  manganese  ore  said  to  be  four  feet  in  width.  A  few  tons  of 
ore  were  produced  from  this  deposit,  but  it  is  now  idle.  D.  P.  Doak  of 
San  Francisco,  is  the  owner. 

Bibl. :  Bull.  38,  p.  337. 

Fable  Manganese  Mine,  in  S.W.  1  of  N.E.  }  of  Sec.  34,  T.  5  S.,  R.  4  E., 
is  in  a  small  canon  tributary  to  the  Arroyo  Mocho,  about  26  miles  south- 
east of  Livermore.  The  ore,  a  soft,  black  oxide,  is  deposited  in  an 
irregular  layer  varying  from  6"  to  several  feet  thick,  interbedded  in 
greenish-gray  jasper,  which  has  a  strike  a  little  west  of  north,  and  a  dip 
of  45  degrees  to  the  southwest.  Development  consists  of  a  series  of 
open  cuts  along  the  outcrop  and  a  100  ft.  tunnel  driven  on  the  vein, 
showing  six  feet  of  ore.  An  incline  shaft  located  near  mouth  of 
tunnel  was  .sunk  on  vein  to  a  depth  of  18  feet,  but  it  is  now  filled  up. 
Idle.     Thomas  Green  of  Dublin,  Cal.,  is  the  owner. 

Bibl. :  Cal.  State  Min.  Bur.  Bull.  38,  p.  337 ;  U.  S.  G.  S.  Bull.  427, 
p.  162. 

Keller  Bros,  have  a  slightly  develoi)ed  prosi)ect  of  manganese  in 
Sec.  13,  T.  6  S.,  K.  4  E.,  in  San  Antone  Valley.  No  ore  had  been  de- 
veloped when  the  property'  was  last  visited. 

Mammoth  Prospect  is  owned  by  II.  II.  Ballantine  and  leased  to 
John  Plattner.  The  claim  is  in  Sec.  13,  T.  6  S.,  R.  4  E.,  three-fourths 
of  a  mile  east  of  a  point  which  is  32  miles  from  Livermore  on  the 
Arroyo  ]\Iocho  Road.  Several  open  cuts  expose  three  to  six  feet  of  mas- 
sive, rather  siliceous  manganese  oxide  in  chert.  No  production  is 
reported. 

Mineral  Products  Co.  owns  two  unnamed  prospects  one-half  mile 
east  of  the  Black  Bird  Prospect,  near  the  east  line  of  Sec.  28,  T.  6  S., 
R.  5  E.  Large,  angular  blocks  of  oxides  of  managanese  occur  here. 
A  little  work  has  been  done.  In  the  NE.  ^  of  the  same  section  a  trench 
60  yards  long  has  been  made  and  a  small  amount  of  oxide  ore  is  exposed. 
No  recent  Avork  has  been  done  here. 

Mateos  Ranch  Deposit.  It  is  in  Sec.  8,  T.  6  S.,  R.  2  E.,  eight 
miles  by  road  east  of  Milpitas,  in  Alum  Rock  Caiion,  about  two  miles 
beyond  the  park.  There  is  no  road  connecting  with  the  terminus  of 
the  electric  railway  at  the  park,  so  that,  at  present,  the  ore  has  to  be 
hauled  over  a  mountainous  road  eight  miles  to  the  railroad  station  at 
Milpitas.  A  connection  wdth  the  Alum  Rock  Caiion  road  could  be  made 
by  constructing  one-half  mile  of  road. 

The  manganese  ore  occurs  in  seams  and  pockets  in  the  jasper  beds. 
Considerable  high  grade  float  is  found  in  the  canon  and  a  few  large 


I 


MANGANESE    AND    CHROMIUM.  70 

lioiilcU'i's  aggregating'  sev('i';il  tons  in  wciulil,  arc  lyiii'i'  in  a  small 
I'avine  near  junctions  willi  the  ni;iin  canon.  The  oi'c,  however,  is 
intermixed  with  the  jasper,  and  eonsecpiently  low  "rade. 

A  tunnel  Avas  driven  40  years  ago  in  the  jasper  beds,  and  it  is 
reported  that  some  high  grade  ore  was  shipped.  It  is  now  caved  and 
inaccessible.  About  200  ft.  west  of  the  tunnel  and  at  the  same  elevation, 
an  open  cut  was  made  last  year  and  about  40  tons  of  ore  was  shipped. 
The  face  of  the  cut  is  caved,  so  that  no  ore  is  at  present  exposed. 
Judging  from  the  amount  of  float  found  in  the  cafion  and  the  extent 
of  the  manganese  stained  croppings,  the  property  appears  favorable  for 
further  development.  It  is  idle.  John  D.  Mateos,  165  N.  Fifteenth  St., 
San  Jose,  Cal.,  is  the  owner. 

Newhall  Mine  ("Great  Expectations"  Claim),  E.  P.  Newhall, 
Box  354,  Livermore,  owner;  Horace  B.  Chase  57  Post  St.,  San  Fran- 
cisco, lessee.  It  is  in  Sec.  36,  T.  5  S.,  R.  4  E.,  on  the  headwaters  of 
Colorado  Creek,  a  branch  of  Black  Bird  Valley  29  miles  southeast  of 
Livermore.  Some  development  work  had  been  done  by  the  owner;  but 
he  has  recently  (November,  1917)  leased  the  property.  The  lessee  has 
some  ore  out  ready  to  ship  showing  both  carbonate  and  oxide  and  said  to 
analyze  42%  manganese.  The  mine  is  three  miles  by  wagon  road  from 
the  main  Arroyo  Mocho  Road  leading  to  Livermore.  The  ore  is  reported 
to  show  three  feet  in  width. 

Pennsylvania  Manganese  Mine.  The  property  comprising  two  un- 
patented claims  is  in  SE.  ^  of  Sec.  12,  T.  7  S.,  R.  4  E.,  35  miles  south- 
east of  Livermore  via  the  Arroyo  Mocho  Road.  The  jasper  beds  with 
interbedded  lenses  of  manganese  ores  outcrop  for  about  500  ft. 
along  the  strike,  which  is  northwest,  in  places  showing  high  grade 
ore.  Development  work  consists  only  of  a  few  trenches  along 
the  outcrop.  About  100  tons  of  ore,  which  appears  to  run  high  in 
silica,  is  lying  on  the  several  dumps.  The  property  is  worked  for 
assessment  only,  and  the  owner  is  willing  to  lease  on  a  royalty  basis. 
Sufficient  work  has  not  been  done  to  justify  an  opinion  as  to  its  im- 
portance. Morgan  M.  O'Day,  58  N.  Fifteenth  St.,  San  Jose,  is  the 
owner.  The  Noble  Electric  Steel  Co.  leased  this  property  but  discon- 
tinued work  after  shipping  some  ore. 

On  the  Wallace  Ranch,  in  Section  8,  T.  6  S.,  R.  2  E.,  6|  miles  by  road 
east  of  ]\Iilpitas,  a  small  cropping  of  high  grade  manganese  ore  was 
observed.  This  deposit  adjoins  that  of  the  Mateos  Ranch,  to  the  north- 
west, and  is  evidently  a  continuation  of  the  same  beds.  The  jasper  here 
outcrops  prominently  in  bold  ledges  over  large  areas,  but  for  the  most 
part  it  is  free  from  manganese  stainings.  The  only  ore  observed  in 
place  was  that  exposed  for  a  width  of  12"  in  a  small  cut,  about  100  ft. 
in  elevation  above  the  old  tunnel  on  the  Mateos  Ranch.     Ore  taken 


80  CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 

from  this  deposit  is  reported  to  have  assayed  50.8%  metallic  manga- 
nese. It  is  undeveloped.  Mrs.  Graee  P.  Wnllaec,  164  East  San  Carlos 
St.,  San  Jose,  is  the  owner. 

Winship  Properties.  K.  D.  AVinship,  350  Post  Street.  San  Fran- 
cisco, owner.  In  the  northeast  corner  of  Santa  Clara  County,  in  the 
upper  part  of  the  Arroyo  Mocho,  these  properties  include  the  follow- 
ing sections  containing  manganese  prospects:  Sec.  27  and  Sec,  35, 
T.  5  S.,  R.  4  E.,  M.  D.  M. 

In  the  SW,  I  of  Sec.  27,  on  the  west  side  of  the  Red  Mountain- 
Livermore  road,  at  a  point  well  above  and  easily  accessible  to  the  road 
is  a  series  of  manganese  veins  covering  a  width  of  about  50',  These 
croppings  are  traceable  for  a  distance  of  at  least  a  couple  hundred 
yards  long,  running  west  of  north.  It  could  probably  be  followed 
much  farther,  but  the  chamise  brush  is  very  thick  at  this  point.  A 
little  work  was  done  some  years  ago  around  these  outcroppings,  and 
it  is  stated  a  few  tons  of  high  grade  ore  hauled  out.  Material  from 
there  could  be  easily  handled  by  a  gravity  tram  to  a  loading  point  on 
the  Arroyo  Mocho  road. 

On  the  NE.  ^  of  this  same  Sec.  27,  is  a  good  prospect  of  manganese 
ore.  Some  work  was  done  a  few  years  ago,  said  to  have  been  by  the 
same  parties  who  worked  on  the  SW.  ^.  A  short  tunnel,  now  caved, 
is  stated  to  have  cut  through  a  4'  vein  of  high  grade  ore.  The  sur- 
face indications  are  that  it  is  at  least  that  wide.  The  strike  is  west 
of  north.  There  are  other  exposures  on  this  same  lead,  to  the  south 
for  about  200'-300'.  This  deposit  is  on  the  east  side  of  the  Arroyo 
Mocho  road  in  an  ideal  location  for  a  gravity  tram  to  handle  the  ore 
to  bunkers.  In  April,  1916,  E.  A.  Wiltsee  took  a  lease  on  these  deposits 
on  Sec.  27  and  did  a  little  preliminary  development  work,  but  nothing 
further.  Holbrook  &  McGuire,  as  sub-lessees,  shipped  a  couple  car- 
loads of  manganese  ore  from  this  section  in  1917,  but  are  not  now, 
(December,  1917)  working. 

SHASTA  COUNTY. 

The  Pit  River  Consolidated  Group  of  claims  is  located  in  Sec.  36  of 
T.  34  N.,  R.  4  W.,  and  in  Sec.  1  of  T.  33  N.,  R.  4  W.,  M.  D.  M.  The 
property  lies  at  an  elevation  of  730  feet,  about  1  mile  southeast  of  the 
Heroult  smelter.  The  deposit  consists  of  the  oxide  of  manganese  fill- 
ing the  fissures  and  joint  planes  in  a  fractured  schist,  and  no  well 
defined  ore  body  is  exposed.  Considerable  sulphur  is  liberated,  when 
the  material  decomposes. 

The  Noble  Electric  Steel  Corporation  recently  leased  the  property, 
but  found  that  the  manufacture  of  silico-mangauese  was  unprofitable. 
Development    work    consists    of   two    tunnels.      A    main    tunnel    was 


MANGANESE    AND    CHROMIUM.  81 

run  S.  40°  W.  with  ore  chutes  at  50'  and  75'.  Another  tunnel  run- 
ning due  west  Avas  filled  with  waste.  The  ore  was  quarried  on  the 
side  hill  with  two  faces  20'  high  and  30'  long.  The  surface  was 
de-soiled  for  a  distance  of  50'  up  and  100'  along  the  hillside.  Equip- 
ment consists  of  a  50-ton  ore  bin  built  of  logs,  a  shop,  and  ties  left 
from  the  dismantling  of  one  mile  of  tramway  which  led  to  the  smelter. 
The  property  is  owned  by  the  Shasta  Copper  Company,  of  which 
Sherman  T.  White  is  President  with  office  at  29  Swansey  Building,  414 
Yuba  Street,  Redding. 

SISKIYOU  COUNTY. 

Manganese  oxid'es  mixed  with  high  proportions  of  silica  have  been 
observed  at  different  places  in  the  Salmon  River  watershed.  Their 
occurrence  is  possible  anywhere  in  the  chert  belt  which  crosses  the 
Salmon  drainage  from  Tanner's  Peak  to  the  New  River  divide.  The 
oxide  ores  have  the  same  mineralogical  character  and  geological  asso- 
ciations as  the  ores  found  farther  south  in  the  Franciscan  cherts  of 
the  Coast  Range.  Such  outcrops  were  noted  on  the  top  and  sides  of 
the  Blue  Ridge  at  an  elevation  of  5600  feet,  but  the  exposure  there 
contained  a  great  deal  of  silica  as  did  those  noted  on  the  trail  along 
the  South  Fork  of  Salmon  River. 

Dr.  W.  W.  Barham,  Yreka,  reports  he  has  made  locations  on  a  body 
of  somewhat  siliceous  manganese  oxides  in  Sec.  9  or  16,  T.  44  N.,  R.  8 
W.,  southwest  of  Yreka.  It  is  near  a  wagon  road,  and  11  miles  from 
the  railroad.  The  manganese-bearing  material  is  10  feet  wide. 
Undeveloped. 

Davis  Prospect.  Reeves  Davis,  Happy  Camp,  has  a  manganese 
prospect  8  miles  above  Happy  Camp  and  one  mile  east  of  Indian 
Creek.  A  seven  foot  body  of  manganese  ore  is  reported  but  no 
development  work  has  been  done,  and  the  quality  of  material  has  not 
been  determined. 

Dozier  Deposit,  M.  Dozier,  owner,  Los  Angeles.  In  Sec.  15,  T.  46  N., 
R.  6  W.,  M.  D.  M.,  6  miles  southwest  of  Klamathon,  between 
Montague  and  Hornbrook,  there  is  stated  to  be  a  large  deposit  of 
siliceous  manganese  oxide  (30%  SiOg  and  37%  Mn)  which  would  be 
suitable  for  making  silico-manganese  in  the  electric  furnace.  In  May, 
the  Noble  Electric  Steel  Company  of  San  Francisco  was  reported  to 
have  an  option  on  this  deposit,  but  so  far  as  the  author  is  aware,  no 
ore  has  as  yet  been  shipped. 

Manganese  oxides  somewhat  siliceous  are  reported  in  quantity  on  the 
ridge  north  of  Greenview  and  southeast  of  Oro  Fino,  in  Sees.  20  and 
21  (?),  T.  43  N.,  R.  9  W.,  M.  D.  M.     Undeveloped. 


6-3895S 


82  CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 

Skillen  &  Means  Group.  G.  G.  Skillen  and  Millard  Means  of 
Sawyers  Bar  have  three  manganese  claims  near  the  head  of  Callahan 
Gnlch  in  T.  39  N.,  R.  11  W.,  two  miles  from  a  point  where  the  road 
to  Black  Bear  crosses  the  snmmit,  bearing  the  same  name.  The  claims 
lie  end  to  end.  Skillen  reports  a  manganese-bearing  outcrop  1600  feet 
long  as  lenses  alternating  with  silica  over  a  total  width  of  150  feet. 
No  assays  of  the  material  have  been  made  and  no  development  work 
done.  The  prospect  is  about  53  miles  from  the  railroad  at  Yreka,  with 
a  summit  6159  feet  high  intervening.  A  wagon  road,  which  crosses 
the  summit  is  in  good  condition  in  the  summer  months  and  passes 
within  two  miles  of  the  prospect. 

SONOMA  COUNTY. 

Very  few  workable  deposits  of  manganese  ores  have  been  found  in 
this  county.  There  are  a  number  of  localities  where  manganese  oxides 
occur,  but  usually  they  are  deposited  merely  as  stains  and  small  pockets 
in  the  jasper.  In  fact,  most  of  the  jasper  beds  seen  were  stained  more 
or  less  with  the  manganese  oxides. 

Wm.  Hunter  of  Cloverdale  mined  and  sold  several  carloads  of  man- 
ganese ore  in  1917  from  a  deposit  not  visited  by  the  field  assistant.  The 
location  of  the  property  Avas  not  stated. 

W.  J.  McLean  and  C.  F.  Clark  of  Calistoga  report  an  undeveloped 
manganese  pr()si)ect  at  Pine  Flat,  22  miles  by  road  from  Ilealdsburg. 

Shanks  and  Copps  Lease.  This  deposit  is  located  in  a  precipitous 
cafion  9  miles  by  road  west  of  Geyserville,  and  2  miles  east  of  Skaggs 
Springs.  It  was  first  opened  liy  the  Noble  Electric  Steel  Company,  who 
it  is  reported  took  out  about  500  tons  of  high  grade  ore  during  1916. 
The  ore,  psilomelane  and  pyrolusite,  is  deposted  in  a  well  defined 
ledge  between  jasper  walls.  It  strikes  northwest,  dipping  verti- 
cally, and  the  croppings  can  be  traced  over  the  ridge  for  500  ft.,  vary- 
ing in  width  from  3  to  5  ft.  An  open  cut  and  tunnel,  now  30  ft.  long, 
is  being  driven  on  the  ledge  at  the  foot  of  the  cropping.  By  driving 
this  tunnel  at  its  present  level,  it  will  give  a  back  of  300  feet,  providing 
the  ore  body  persists  with  depth.  The  tunnel  is  entirely  in  ore  and 
the  body  at  the  face  is  6  ft.  in  width.  The  ore  produced  by  the  Noble 
Electric  Steel  Company  was  mined  from  a  deposit  which  appears  to 
have  been  faulted  from  the  main  ledge,  as  it  lies  with  a  very  slight  dip 
about  100  ft.  below  and  west  of  the  main  body.  It  has  practically  been 
exhausted  as  only  a  stringer  of  the  powdery  black  dioxide  remains  in 
the  bottom  of  the  cut.  This  property  was  taken  over  in  the  early  part 
of  May,  1917,  by  the  present  operators,  and  they  produced  three  cars  of 
ore,  which  is  reported  to  have  run  from  42%  to  50%  metallic 
manganese,  and  4%  to  14%  silica.     It  was  hauled  to  the  railroad  at 


MANGANESE   AND   CHROMIUM.  83 

(Je.vserville  at.  ^'^.50  per  ton.  Fivo  men  won;  oniploycd.  Uiulci-  loa.se  to 
D.  W.  Shanks*  and  A.  AV.  Copps,  1:502  Merchants  National  Bank  Hldj;., 
San  Francisco.  K.  K.  Asli  is  .Snperintendent.  S.  H.  I'xtyci-  of  (Joysor- 
ville  is  the  owner. 

Shaw  and  Matthews  Manganese  Mine.  It  is  in  Section  -U,  T.  12  N., 
R.  11  W.,  7  miles  northwest  of  Cloverdale,  along  tiie  top  of  a  ridge  at 
an  elevation  of  850  feet.  An  old  wagon  road  about  1  mile  long  connects 
it  with  the  Hopland-Cloverdale  highway.  It  was  first  opened  abont 
30  years  ago  by  J.  E.  Shaw  of  Cloverdale,  who  shipped  20  tons  of  high 
grade  ore.  It  then  lay  idle  up  to  last  year  when  a  lease  was  taken  on  it 
by  Michael,  Roman  and  Weeks  of  San  Francisco.  They  worked  only  a 
short  time  and  abandoned  their  lease  as  the  ore  was  too  low  grade  to  be 
profitably  handled.  It  is  now  idle.  The  jasper  beds  here  outcrop  for  over 
a  mile,  showing  manganese  oxide  stains  at  many  places.  The  develop- 
ment work  consists  of  an  open  cut  20'  by  -10'  at  the  heavier  stained 
beds,  showing  4^  to  6  ft.  of  manganese  oxide  outcropping  for  45  ft. 
along  the  strike  of  red  chert  and  shale  which  strike  N.  15°  E.  and  dip 
70°  S.E.  About  50  to  60  tons  of  ore  have  been  sacked  and  are  lying  on 
the  dump,  but  the  ore  appears  to  contain  a  high  percentage  of  silica. 
C.  B.  Shaw,  Cloverdale,  is  the  owner. 

Bibl.:  Repts.  XII,  p.  330,  XIII,  p.  507:  XIV,  p.  104;  Bull.  38, 
p.  337. 

In  the  vicinity  of  Skaggs  Hot  Springs,  there  are  extensive  eroppings 
of  red  jasper  stained  with  manganese  oxides,  but  no  eroppings  were 
observed  rich  enough  in  manganese  to  warrant  exploitation.  It  is  very 
possible  that  some  rich  lenses  may  be  discovered  at  some  future  date. 
The  mountains  here  are  very  precipitous  and  covered  Avith  a  dense 
growth  of  brush  which  makes  prospecting  ditificult. 

On  the  Wheeler  Prospect,  500  feet  north  of  Shanks  and  Copps  Lease, 
and  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  creek,  a  small  amount  of  good  ore  had 
I  been  found  when  the  propertv  was  visited. 

I 

STANISLAUS   COUNTY. 

The  manganese  deposits  found  in  the  nortliwestern  corner  of  Stanis- 
laus County  are  a  southeasterly  extension  of  the  bolt  beginning  near 
Tesla^  in  Alameda  County. 
Crocker  Properties,  M.  I.  Crocker,  1023  Insn ranee  Exchange  Bldg., 
'  San  Francisco,  owner.     These  include  a  number  of  sections  of  land  in 
I  the  northwest  corner  of  Stanislaus  County,  among  which  an  occurrence 
of  manganese  has  been  noted  on  Sec.  33,  T.  5  S.,  R.  6  E.    Undeveloped. 

♦Since  this  report  was  written  the  partnership  has  been  dissolved,  and  the  property 
was  being  operated  by  Shanl^s  in  February,   191S. 
'See  page  24,  ante,  also  map  (Plate  II). 


84  CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 

Cummings  Lease.     See  Winship  Properties. 

Grummit  Ranch,  W.  M.  Griimiiiit,  owner,  via  AVestley.  It  is  in 
Sec.  6,  T.  5  S.,  R.  6  E.,  on  the  north  branch  of  Ingram  Creek;  and  is 
under  lease  to  the  Manganese  Products  Company,  Alex.  J.  Knox, 
manager.  They  have  shipped  several  carloads  of  manganese  ore 
the  past  summer  (1917),  said  to  be  of  medium  grade,  principally 
from  surface  cuts.  In  August,  1917,  they  were  driving  a  tunnel.  The  ore 
body  shows  from  18"  to  2'  in  width. 

Hugh  Phillips  also  has  a  lease  on  another  portion  of  this  Grummit 
section,  but  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  eaiion  from  the  above.  In 
August  he  had  out  a  few  tons  of  manganese  ore  which  he  had  taken  from 
surface  cuts. 

There  is  a  Manganese  Prospect  on  Sec.  8,  T.  6  S.,  R.  6  E.,  M.  D.  M.,  i 
on  the  Arroyo  del  Puerto,  on  which  some  development  work  has  been| 
done.     The  writer  was  unable  to  learn  of  the  owner's  name. 

Bibl. :  Report  on  M.  &  M.  Res.  of  Fresno  et  al.  counties,  1915,  p.  204  ;l 
also  Report  XIV,  p.  630. 

The  Mineral  Products  Company,  Rialto  Building,  San  Francisco, 
in  1915  took  over  the  holdings  of  the  California  Manganese  Company^ 
in  Sees.  9,  11,  15,  21,  22,  27,  28,  33  and  34,  T.  6  S.,  R.  5  E.,  at  the  head  of 
the  Arroyo  del  Puerto.  This  group  includes  the  Black  Wonder  group 
mainly  in  Santa  Clara  County  (see  description  under  Santa  Clara 
County). 

Sartorius  Lease.     See  Winship  Properties. 

Sperry- Wright  Lease.     See  Winship  Properties. 

Winship  Poperties,  K.  D.  Winship,  350  Post  Street,  San  Francisco, 
owner.  These  include  a  number  of  sections  of  land  in  the  northwest 
corner  of  Stanislaus  County,  on  some  of  which  manganese  ore  has  been 
developed  and  shipments  made.  The  following  contain  manganese 
mines  or  prospects:  Sees.  1,  3  and  13,  T.  5  S.,  R.  5  E.;  Sees.  17  and  19, 
T.  5  S.,  R.  6  E.,  M.  D.  M. 

On  See.  1,  T.  5  S.,  R.  5  E.,  on  the  north  branch  of  Ingram  Creek, 
there  are  several  manganese  prospects  which  are  as  yet  undeveloped. 
At  one  of  these  outcroppings  there  is  a  mineralized  zone  about 
6'-8'  wide,  showing  two  or  three  streaks  of  manganese  oxide  about  a  foot 
wide  which  may  develop  into  ore.  At  another  point  near  the  west  side 
of  Sec.  1,  there  is  a  manganese-bearing  zone  at  least  250'  in  length,  run- 
ning along  the  backbone  of  the  ridge.  There  is  much  loose  material  on 
the  surface,  so  that  it  is  diiScult  to  tell  how  wide  the  ore  may  be  until  at 
least  some  preliminary  development  work  is  done.     There  are  probably 


^Cal.    State   Min.   Bur.,   Report  on  Mines  &  Mineral   Res.   of  Fresno   et  al.   counties, 
1915,   p.   204;   also  in  Report  XIV,   p.    630. 


MANGANESE   AND    CHROMIUM. 


85 


several  streaks  of  ore,  principally  on  the  south  (left)  side  of  the  reef 
shown  in  the  photograph.  There  are  manganese  indications  at  several 
other  places  in  this  Sec.  1,  and  some  small  bunches  of  ore.  Much  of  it, 
liowever,  is  rather  siliceous.  A  lease  was  given  on  this  section  in 
August,  1917,  and  a  little  work  done,  but  for  lack  of  capital  to  properly 
develop  it  the  lessee  gave  it  up.* 

In  the  N.  i  of  SE.  i,  Sec.  3,  T.  5  S.,  R.  5  E.,  a  deposit  of  ore  is  being 
developed  under  lease  by  M.  A.  Wright  of  Tracy.     This  deposit  was 


^^'»j^ 


-^^•?^r 


-^ 


■  it^'*^- 


■*.-'' 


r-'sSC- 


-,        Photo   No.   18.       Manganese  prospect  on   Sec.    1,   T.   5   S..   R.   5   E.,   M.  D.  M.,  on   Ingram 
Creek,   Stanislaus  County,  owned  by  K.   D.   Winship. 

discovered  by  U.  G.  Sperry  of  Vernalis,  who  owns  a  manganese  prospect 
on  an  adjoining  section.  It  is  14  miles  from  Vernalis  and  2  miles  up 
Buckeye  Gulch,  easterly  above  the  wagon  road  on  Hospital  Creek. 
There  are  at  least  two  manganese-bearing  zones  on  the  south  slope  of 
the  ridge,  striking  in  an  easterly  direction  with  dip  to  the  north  into  the 
hill.  The  ore  exposures  are  marked  by  a  number  of  large  boulders  of 
ore.  The  ore,  both  in  the  boulders  and  in  place  is  the  massive  black 
oxide,  and  much  of  it  is  high  grade.  The  following  analysis  is  of  a 
sample  taken  before  development  work  had  been  started,  by  chipping 


♦Since  the  above  was  written,  this  Sec.  1  has  been  leased  to  M.  C.  Seagrave,  Bal- 
boa Bldg.,  San  Francisco,  who  has  opened  up  a  body  of  commercial  ore  in  the 
NW.  \   [Sept.  1918]. 


86 


CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 


off  pieces  of  ore  from  various  outeroppings  and  from  some  of  the  large 
boulders : 

Analysis  of  Manganese  Ore.* 


Constituent 


Per  cent  as 
received 


Manganese   dioxide    (MnO^) 

Manganese  monoxide  (MnO) 

Silica    (SiOs)    . 

Insoluble   not    silica 

Soluble  iron  oxide  (FesOa) 

Soluble   aluminum  oxide   (Al-'Oa)... 

Sulfuric  anhydride   (SOs) 

Phosphoric  oxide  (P2O3)— less  than 

Water  (H2O)   

Manganese  (Mn)  

Available  oxygen  (O) 

Iron  (Fe)  A 


62.56 

8.26 

12.80 

1.25 

1.21 

0.83 

0.26 

.01 

10.94 

46.19 

11.38 

0.85 


Per  cent 
water  free 


7(].2r^ 

9.26 

14. .-58 

1.40 

1.36 

0.93 

0.29 

.01 

51.80 

12.78 

0.95 


■\     -»•    -■ 


ir 

s,-.  .jj 


.-.^^iu 


Photo    No.    19.       Outcrop    of    manganese    ore    on    Sec.    3,    T.    5    S.,    R.    5    E., 

M.  D.  M.,  Stanislaus  County.     The  manganese  is  below  the  large  chert 

outcrops.      Sperry-Wright  lease ;    K.   D.  Winship,   owner.     Locally 

referred  to   as  the   Buckeye,   or  Wright   Mine,. 


MANGANESE   AND    CHROMIUM.  87 

"The  insoluble  material  not  silica  contains  about  0.20%  of  Barium 
sulfate;  also  some  alumina  and  calcium  oxide  and  undoubtedly  the  sol- 
uble portion  contains  some  calcium  and  magnesium  oxides.  The  exact 
amount  of  these  were  not  determined  as  they  have  no  particular  bearing 
on  the  use  of  the  ore." 

AVith  the  exception  of  the  silica  contained  (which,  apparently,  came 
mainly  from  the  lower  grade  pieces  included  in  the  sample)  the  ore  is 
of  excellent  grade.  The  availal)le  oxygen  is  high,  so  that  the  material 
would  be  suitable  for  electric  battery  and  glass  purposes.  Under  the 
Wright  Lease  the  lower  "vein"  has  been  opened  up  and  to  December 
1,  1917,  over  300  tons  of  ore  shipped,  which  has  averaged  48%  Mn, 
and  under  10%  SiOo.  He  expects  to  ship  a  car  a  week,  as  soon  as  he 
can  improve  transportation  facilities.  He  has  about  6  to  10  men  at 
work  and  has  opened  up  a  face  of  ore  from  5'-10'  wide.  No  work  has, 
as  yet,  been  done  on  the  upper  ore  zone.^  The  ore  is  hauled  by  motor 
trucks  to  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad  at  Vernalis. 

In  1916  the  Pacific  Coast  Manganese  Company  (Sartorius  et  al.) 
operated  for  a  time  on  Sec.  18,  T.  5  S.,  R.  6  E.,  on  the  south  branch  of 
Ingram  Creek.  They  also  had  a  lease  on  the  AVinship,  Sec.  17  and  19, 
and  a  few  carloads  of  ore  were  shipped.  lu  1917  these  sections  were 
leased  to  James  J.  Cummings,  Livermore,  who  shipped  a  few  carloads  of 
manganese  ore.  He  states  that  the  ore  was,  so  far  as  developed,  irregu- 
lar and  not  Avell  defined.  The  hauling  was  done  with  teams  to  the 
railroad  at  Westley. 

On  Sees.  11  and  13,  T.  5  S.,  R.  5  E.,  Donolme&  McFarland  have  a 
lease  on  manganese  prospects  which  they  are  developing;  and  on  Sec. 
25,  Thompson  Bros,  of  Ingomar  are  opening  up  manganese  ore  under 
lease.  Both  these  sections  are  in  the  upper  part  of  the  Hospital  Creek 
caiion. 

Wright  Lease.     See  Winship  Properties. 

TEHAMA  COUNTY. 

Elva  Manganese  Mine  is  in  Section  20,  T.  23  N.,  R.  7  W.,  10  miles 
west  of  Paskenta,  and  30  miles  southwest  of  Corning,  the  nearest 
railroad  station.  It  lies  on  the  south  slope  of  Beauty  View  Peak  at  an 
elevation  of  2700  feet.  INlangane.se  oxides  occur  in  lenses  along  a 
quartzose  dike  in  a  ])elt  of  serpentine.  The  croppings  are  extensive, 
but  appear  to  contain  a  high  percentage  of  silica.  No  ore  has  been 
produced  and  the  claim  is  worked  for  assessment  only.  C.  S.  Beuner 
of  Paskenta,  is  the  owner. 


♦Analysis  by   Sidney   A.   Tibbetts.   Berkeley,    Cal. 

'Since  the  above  was  written,  the  main  operations  have  been  transferred  to  the 
'upper  zone,'  where  an  orebody  over  20'  wide  has  been  developed  for  a  length  of  over 
100'.  Several  hundred  tons  of  excellent  ore  have  been  shipped.  More  recently, 
(August,  1918),  the  Sperry  and  W^right  interests  in  the  lease  have  been  taken  over 
by  the  Suffern  Company,   of  S135  Broadway,   New   York. 


88  CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING  BUREAU. 

Lockwood  Prospect,  Lett  Liockwood  of  Newville,  owner.  This 
claim  is  located  in  Sec.  9,  T.  23  N.,  R.  7  W.,  about  one  mile  north  of 
Toms  Creek  and  Success  Claim  described  below.  The  prospect  lies  on  top 
of  a  butte  of  chert,  having  an  elevation  of  2650  feet  (aneroid).  The 
occurrence  is  similar  to  that  described  farther  on  (See  Manganese  Peak 
Claim)  under  Manganese  Peak  Group.  The  summit  of  the  hill  is  covered 
by  broken  rock  and  soil  charged  by  the  manganese  from  the  outcrop. 
The  oxide  pocket  has  a  width  of  about  4  feet,  but  is  covered  along  the 
strike  by  debris.  No  Avork  has  been  done,  but  some  development  would 
seem  warranted,  as  the  outcrop  is  as  promising  in  quality,  though  some- 
what smaller,  than  on  Manganese  Peak. 

Manganese  Peak  Group  is  owned  by  Lee  Tatham  and  Alonzo  Luce 
of  Willows,  Ancil  Burrows  of  Newville,  and  E.  P.  Logan  of  Paskenta. 
The  five  claims  lie  in  Sees.  17  and  20,  T.  23  N.,  R.  7  W.,  between  Bowers 
Creek  and  Toms  Creek,  just  inside  of  California  National  Forest.  The 
property  is  best  reached  from  Logan  Brothers'  ranch,  which  is  10  miles 
from  Paskenta,  a  stage  station  24  miles  from  Corning.  The  claims  are 
in  the  Franciscan  area  just  w'est  of  the  contact  with  Cretaceous  rocks. 
The  manganese  oxides  occur  interbedded  wdtli  the  chert,  which  occurs 
as  a  lens  surrounded  principally  by  serpentine.  The  massive  chert 
forms  prominent  conical  buttes  rising  considerably  above  the  general 
surface.  | 

'Manganese  Claim'  is  on  the  southwest  slope  of  Beauty  View  Butte, 
at  an  elevation  of  2650  feet  (aneroid)  two  miles  by  trail  from  Logan 
Brothers  Ranch.  A  small  cut  in  shaly  chert  revealed  siliceous  manga- 
nese oxides  too  low  grade  to  be  termed  ore.  This  prospect  does  not  seem 
to  offer  much  promise. 

'Manganese  Peak  Prospect'  lies  on  top  of  Beauty  View  Butte  at 
an  elevation  of  2950  feet  (aneroid).  Float  of  manganese  oxides  can  be 
traced  down  the  south  and  east  slopes.  On  the  east  side  of  outcrop 
on  the  very  summit,  six  feet  of  siliceous  oxides  lie  in  chert  walls,  dipping 
nearly  vertically  and  striking  N.  40°  W.,  in  accordance  with  the  enclos- 
ing chert.  Separated  from  this  on  the  west  by  about  15  feet  of  barren 
chert,  is  a  somewhat  wider  band  of  similar  quality.  This  oxide  outcrops 
for  a  distance  of  about  20  feet  along  the  strike.  No  w^ork  has  been  done 
here,  but  the  indications  are  promising  for  the  development  of  ore.  The 
best  of  the  material  is  probably  of  shipping  grade,  and  an  unknow 
portion  of  it  has  already  been  scattered  by  erosion. 

The  third  prospect  is  J  mile  northwest  of  the  second,  on  the  south! 
side  of  the  caiion  of  Toms  Creek  at  an  elevation  of  1900  feet  (aneroid), 
near  Dead  Rabbit  Spring.  A  bold  outcrop  of  shaly  chert  carries  man- 
ganese chiefly  as  stains.  A  small  cut  here  revealed  no  promising  grade 
of  material. 


■ 

hi 


MANGANESE   AND    CHROMIUM.  89 

The  fourth  prospect  is  one  mile  northwest  of  Manganese  Peak  on  the 
south  bank  of  Toms  Creek  in  the  NW.  I  of  Sec.  17,  at  an  elevation 
of  1650'  aneroid.  Badly  broken  rhythmically-bedded  chert  strikes  N. 
40°  W.,  and  dips  40°  NE.  A  trench  cut  at  right  angles  to  the  strike 
shows  that  the  finely  fractured  chert  is  stained  by  a  thin  film  of  man- 
ganese oxide,  but  close  examination  failed  to  reveal  any  ore. 

The  fifth  prospect  is  on  Success  Claim,  in  the  SAV.  -}  of  Sec.  17, 
T.  23  N.,  R.  7  W.,  at  an  elevation  of  2050  feet.  There  are  three  small 
outcrops  in  a  width  of  40  feet.  The  west  outcrop  shows  2^  feet  of 
massive  chert  carrying  hard  oxides  of  manganese.  Ten  feet  east  is  a 
seam  of  soft  oxides  of  good  grade,  a  few  inches  wide.  On  the  hanging 
wall  (east)  side  of  this  seam,  a  bed  of  chert  carries  very  siliceous  oxides. 
Thirty  feet  east  is  a  similar  outcrop.  This  is  the  most  promising 
prospect  of  the  group. 

Of  the  five  prospects,  the  second  and  last  appear  to  merit  develop- 
ment, but  the  others  are  not  promising.  Some  trail  would  have 
to  be  built  in  each  case,  totalling  about  one  mile  for  both.  The  haul  to 
Corning  would  be  36  miles. 

TRINITY   COUNTY. 

Manganese  occurs  in  Trinity  County  in  the  region  about  the  head- 
waters of  the  South  Fork  and  the  Hayfork  of  Trinity  E-iver.  It  is 
found  as  the  mixed  oxides  with  traces  of  rhodochrosite  and  is  inter- 
bedded  with  silica  in  the  chert.  Several  claims  have  been  located 
recently  on  these  manganese  outcrops  but  no  production  lias  been  made 
yet.    Following  are  the  most  promising  claims : 

The  Caudwell  Manganese  Prospect  is  in  the  N.  i  of  Sec.  21.  T.  28  N., 
R.  11  W.,  on  a  mountain  side  at  an  elevation  of  4000  feet.  It  lies  one 
mile  due  north  of  the  mouth  of  Prospect  Creek,  a  tributary  of  the  East 
Fork  of  South  Fork;  about  71  miles  from  the  railroad  at  Redding  via 
Wildwood  Inn,  14  miles  being  over  trail.  The  claim  is  owned  by 
Thomas  Caudwell,  care  of  Greenberg's  Sons  Co.,  225  Beale  St.,  San 
Francisco. 

There  are  six  parallel  lenses  of  manganese  oxide,  interbedded  with 
and  grading  into  silica,  over  a  total  width  of  sixty  feet.  The  maximum 
width  noted  of  a  lens  was  six  feet.  The  alternating  lenses  of  oxides 
and  silica  outcrop  on  the  surface  for  about  300  feet  along  the  strike; 
these  have  been  further  proven  for  an  additional  150  feet  by  a  10  foot 
shaft.  Assays  of  samples  of  the  outcrop  by  A.  A.  Hanks  are  reported 
by  the  owner  to  have  shown  42%  to  64%  manganese  oxide.  Assays  of 
samples  taken  by  an  engineer  of  the  Noble  Electric  Steel  Co.  are  quoted 
to  have  run  38%  to  58%  oxide.  The  lenses  strike  north  and  dip  nearly 
vertically.    This  prospect  is  the  farthest  south  of  several  visited  in  that 


90 


CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 


region,  and  makes  the  most  promising  showing.    The  other  prospects  lie 
approximately  in  a  north  line  from  this  one. 

If  development  work  shows  sufficient  tonnage  on  this  and  the  other 
claims  near  it,  and  systematic  assays  substantiate  the  quality  of  ore, 
it  is  believed  that  a  road  could  be  built  to  connect  with  the  highway] 
at  Wildwood  for  a  reasonable  sum  if  the  tops  of  the  ridges  were  followed. 
The  owner  has  in  mind  the  formation  of  a  company  to  provide  for  road 
building.  To  make  a  success  of  shipping  from  here  it  would  be  necessary 
to  handle  a  high  grade  ore  only. 
\  \7  ."  -  The  Johnson  manganese  prospect,  Wm.  Johnson  owaier,  is  leased  by 
the  Noble  Electric  Steel  Co.  of  Heroult,  Shasta  County.  It  is  located 
near  the  south  corner  common  to  Sees.  9  and  10,  T.  28  N.,  R.  11  W.,  about 
one  and  one-half  miles  nearly  due  north  of  the  Caudwell  prospect,  at  an 
elevation  of  4200  feet  and  a  short  distance  from  the  South  Fork  trail. 

The  small  amount  of  work  done  showed  a  lens  of  mixed,  oxides  of 
promising  quality.  It  was  two  feet  Avide  and  uncovered  over  a  total 
distance  of  150  feet.  The  claim  was  located  by  Johnson  in  1916  and 
was  leased  by  the  Noble  Electric  Steel  Co.  upon  payment  of  a  sub- 
stantial advance  royalty.  Prospecting  with  a  small  crew  was  planned 
in  September,  1917.  Favorable  developments  on  both  this  and  the 
Caudwell  claim  are  apt  to  lead  to  production  next  season,  but  from 
the  showing  made  on  this  claim  in  August,  it  is  not  likely  that  its 
exploitation  alone  would  be  warranted,  considering  the  distance  from 
the  highway.    One  road  would  serve  all  the  prospects  in  the  vicinity. 

The  Naphis  Peak  Mine  is  three  miles  north-northeast  of  Kekawaka 
Siding  on  the  Northwestern  Pacific  Railroad.  A  sled  road  has  been  built 
to  connect  the  mine  with  the  railroad  and  a  small  production  had 
already  been  made  when  the  property  was  visited. 

The  Red  Cliff  Prospect  is  the  property  of  W.  J.  Azbill  of  Covelo.  It 
lies  in  Sec.  36,  T.  25  N.,  R.  13  W.,  not  far  north  of  the  Mendocino- 
Trinity  counties  line.  When  the  region  was  last  visited  this  claim  was 
undeveloped. 

The  Selvester  and  Wilson  prospect,  located  in  1916  by  Joseph 
Selvester  and  James  Wilson  of  Beegum,  California,  is  on  the  South 
Fork  Trail  in  SE.  i  of  Sec.  34,  T.  29  N.,  R.  11  W.,  near  the  top 
of  the  divide  at  an  elevation  of  5000  feet.  There  is  a  small  outcrop 
of  mixed  manganese  oxides  apparently  of  good  grade,  two  feet  wide. 
No  work  whatever  had  been  done  on  this  when  visited.  It  is  similar 
to  the  Johnson  prospect  and  lies  nearly  north  from  it. 

Besides  these  prospects  there  are  others  showing  manganese,  in  the 
region.  One  on  the  Hayfork,  about  three  miles  north  of  the  last 
named  claim,  Avas  investigated  by  the  Noble  Electric  Steel  Co.  but  found 


MANGANESE   AND    CHROMIUM.  91 

to  be  too  siliceous  for  their  use.  C.  R.  Moser  of  Hayfork,  Trinity 
County,  reports  finding  a  deposit  of  considerable  size,  of  unknown 
manganese  content  in  the  same  region. 

J.  F.  McKnight  and  G.  W.  Kindred  of  Alderpoint,  Humboldt 
County,  located  a  deposit  of  manganese  three  and  one-half  miles  north- 
cast  of  Jewett  siding  on  the  Northwestern  Pacific  Railroad,  just  over  the 
line  from  Humboldt  County,  in  T.  4  S.,  R.  6  E.  About  thirty  tons  of  ore 
which  is  reported  runs  only  27%  metallic  manganese  Avas  sledded  down 
to  the  railroad,  but  has  not  been  shipped  out.  The  jasper  beds  with 
which  the  ore  is  associated,  outcrop  for  about  one  and  one-fourth  miles, 
but  there  has  been  very  little  development  work  done  upon  them. 
Under  lease  to  R.  H.  Austin,  1002  Clay  St.,  Oakland,  who  is  sampling 
the  deposit. 

TULARE  COUNTY. 

The  Barbour  Manganese  Deposit  is  situated  one  mile  west  of  Milo, 
in  Sec.  33,  T.  19  S.,  R.  29  E.,  about  eight  miles  north  of  Springville,  the 
terminus  of  the  Porterville  and  Northeastern  Railroad.  A  deposit  of 
pyrolusite  18  inches  wide  occurs  with  a  quartz  vein  in  granitic  rock.  A 
10  foot  prospect  shaft  has  been  sunk  on  the  vein,  exposing  about  six 
tons  of  mixed  ore.  The  property  is  idle  and  owned  by  Frank  Barbour 
of  Stockton. 

The  Cole  Property  is  located  2  miles  northeast  of  Lindsay  in  Sec.  32, 
T.  19  S.,  R.  27  E.,  M.  D.  M.,  at  an  elevation  of  680'. 

A  siliceous  ledge  of  manganiferous  iron  ore  outcrops  25  feet  wide  and 
100'  long,  striking  N.  20°  W.  and  dipping  75°  SW.,  between  walls  of 
jasper  and  slate.  Picked  specimens  of  the  mineralized  ledge  in  places, 
assay  35%  metallic  manganese,  but  an  average  is  reported  to  be  about 
18%. 

Development  oensists  of  a  30'  shaft  and  an  open  cut  along  the  ledge 
10'  wide  and  30'  long,  exposing  about  500  tons  of  mixed  ore. 

The  property  is  idle  and  owned  b}^  R.  D.  Cole  of  Lindsay. 

TUOLUMNE  COUNTY. 

The  Madrid  Property  lies  tw^o  miles  north  of  Sonora,  near  Brown's 
Flat.  Manganese  oxide  and  rhodonite  (manganese  silicate)  occur  in  a 
quartz  vein  along  the  contact  of  porphyry  and  schist.  The  mineralized 
portion  varies  up  to  12'  in  thickness.  The  manganese  is  probably  only 
superficial,  and  has  not  been  worked.  Owned  by  John  Madrid  of 
Jamestown,  Tuolumne  County. 

The  Sutton  Manganese  Property  is  located  on  Hog  Mountain,  four 
miles  northeast  of  Jacksonville.  There  is  reported  to  be  a  deposit  of  low 
grade  ore  which  is  40'  wide,  40'  thick  and  1600'  long.  The  ore  is 
reported  to  assay  about  23%  metallic  manganese.  Some  development 
work  has  been  done.    Owned  by  Mr.  Sutton  of  Jacksonville. 


92 


CALIFORNIA   STATE  MINING  BUREAU. 


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7— 3S958 


98  CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING  BUREAU. 


PURCHASERS    OF    MANGANESE    AND    MANGANIFEROUS    ORES.' 

a       Purchase  manganese  ore  with  40  per  cent  or  more  manganese  and  less  than 

2  per  cent  iron. 
b      Purchase  manganese  ore  with  40  per  cent  or  more  manganese  and  2  per  cent  or 

more  iron. 
0       Purchase  manganiferous  ore  with  15  to  40  per  cent  manganese. 


c  Alan  Wood  Iron  &  Steel  Co.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

c  Algoma  Steel  Corp.,  Sanlt  Ste.  Marie,  Ontario,  Canada. 

c  Alleghany  Ore  &  Iron  Co.,  Buena  Vista  and  Iron  Gate,  Va. 

a  American  Carbon  &  Battery  Co.,  East  St.  Louis,  111. 

a  American  Ever  Ready  Battery  Co.,  Long  Island  City,  N.  Y. 

he  American  Manganese  Mfg.  Co.,  Bullitt  Bldg.,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  (or  Dunbar,  Pa.) 

be  American  Steel  Foundries,  McCormick  Bldg.,  Chicago,  III. 

a  Anglo-American  Flash  Light  Co.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

c  James  B.  Bailey,  Pine  Forge,  Pa. 

b  Beckman  &  Linden  Engineering  Corp.,  Bay  Point,  Cal.  v 

ab  Bennett-Brooks,  120  Liberty  St..  New  York,  N.  Y.  "^ 

ab  Berkshire  Iron  Wks.,  Bullitt  Bldg.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

be  Bethlehem  Steel  Corp.,  South  Bethlehem,  Pa. 

ab  Bilrowe  Alloys  Co.,  201  Bcrnice  Bldg..  Tacoma,  Wash. 

ab  Binney  &  Smith,  81  Fulton  St.,  New  York,  N.  Y.  j 

ab  Chas.  A.  Burdick,  E.  M.,  15  Broad  St.,  New  York,  N.  Y.  [ 

abc  C.  F.  Burgess  Laboratories,  Madison,  Wis. 

a  L.  H.  Butcher  &  Co.,  Marine  Bldg.,  San  Francisco. 

abc  Cambria  Steel  Co.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

ab  Carnegie  Steel  Co.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

be  Central  Iron  &  Coal  Co.,  Holt,  Ala, 

be  Charcoal  Iron  Co.,  Detroit,  Mich. 

a  Charles  B.  Crystal,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

c  Cleveland-Clififs  Iron  Co.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

c  Colorado  Fuel  &  Iron  Co.,  Pueblo,  Colo. 

ab  W.  R.  Cuthbert  (National  Paint  &  Manganese  Corp.),  Lynchburg,  Va. 

be  Delaware  River  Steel  Co.,  Chester,  Pa. 

abc  W.  H.  Denison,  Cushman,  Ark. 

b  Electric  Reduction  Co.,  Washington,  Pa. 

b  Empire  Steel  &  Iron  Co.,  Catasauqua,  Pa. 

b  Fuller  &  Warren  Co.,  Troy,  N.  Y. 

ab  Robert  Gilchrist,  S2  Beaver  St.,  New  York  City. 

b  Goldschmidt  Thermit  Co.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

a  Charles  Hardy,  50  Church  St.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

a  Harshaw,  Fuller  &  Goodwin  Co.,  Electric  Bldg.,  Cleveland,  Ohio.  M 

a  Hazel-Atlas  Glass  Co.,  Clarksburg,  W.  Va.  " 

e  W.  P.  Heath  &  Co.,  509  Olive  St.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

be  Hickman,  Williams  &  Co.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

ab  C.  W.  Hill  Chemical  Co.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

ab  E.  C.  Humphrey  &  Co.,  Detroit,  Mich. 

a  Illinois  Pacific  Glass  Co.,  San  Francisco. 

ab  Illinois  Steel  Co.,  208  South  La  Salle  St.,  Chicago,  111. 

a  Import  Chemical  Co.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

be  Jones  &  Laughlin  Steel  Co.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

b  Juniata  Furnace  &  Foundry  Co.,  30  West  Girard  Ave.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


iR«printed  from  a  list  furnished  by  the  United  States  Geological  Survey,  which  appeared  in 
our  Prelim.  Rept.  No.  3. 


MANGANESE   AND    CHROMIUM.  99 

c  La  Belle  Irou  Works,  Steubenville,  Ohio. 

(•  La  Follette  Coal  &  Iron  Co..  Lu  FolleKc,  Tciiii. 

he  Laokawamia  Steel  Co.,  IJuflalo,  N.  Y. 

a  J.  S.  Lamsoii  &  Bios.,  Inc.,  W  Maiden  Lane,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

ab  E.  J.  Lavino  &  Co.,  Bullitt  Bids.,  riiiladelpliia,  Ba. 

a  C.  W.  Leavitt  &  Co.,  30  Cliureli  St.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

b  Lebanon  Blast  Furnace  Co.,  Lebanon,  Pa. 

a  Levensaler-Speir  Corp.,  Monadnock  Bldg.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

ab  David  Loeser,  1400  Broadwaj-,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

ab  Los  Angeles  Pressed  Brick  Co.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

lie  Low  Moor  Iron  Co.  of  Va.,  Lowmoor,  Va. 

b  T.  L.  McCarty,  Box  217,  Eureka,  Utah. 

c  McKeefrey  Iron  Co.,  Leetonia,  Ohio. 

a  Manhattan  Electrician  Supply  Co.,  41-47  Morris  St.,  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 

abc  E.  E.  Marshall,  Bullitt  Bldg.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

ab  The  Metalores  Corp.,  50  Pine  St.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

abc  Miami  Metals  Co.,  Tower  Bldg.,  Chicago,  111. 

ab  Mines  &  Metals  Corp.,  77  Broad  St.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

c  Mississippi  Valley  Iron  Co.,  6500  South  Broadway,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

be  National  Alloy  Co.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

a  National  Carbon  Co.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

abc  Noble  Electric  Steel  Co.,  905  Market  St.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

c  Northwestern  Iron  Co.,  Milwaukee,  Wis.     , 

a  Nungesser  Carbon  &  Battery  Co.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

ab  Oakley  Paint  Mfg.  Co.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

c  Old  Dominion  Pig  Iron  Corp.,  Roanoke,  Va. 

b  Pacific  Coast  Steel  Co.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

abc  Pacific  Electro  Metals  Co.,  Balboa  Bldg.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

ab  Pacific  Sewer  Pipe  Co.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

c  Perry  Iron  Co.,  Erie,  Pa. 

a  Pittsburgh  Lamp  Brass  &  Glass  Co.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

c  Pittsburgh  Steel  Co.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

c  Pulaski  Iron  Co.,  Pulaski,  Va. 

c  Republic  Iron  &  Steel  Co.,  Birmingham,  Ala. 

ab  A.  P.  Rice,  Spencer,  Ohio. 

b  Ricketson  Mineral  Paint  Wks.,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

ab  Rogers,  Brown  «&  Co.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

be  Fi-ank  Samuel,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

c  John  A.  Savage  <&  Co.,  Duluth,  Minn. 

c  Scullin  Steel  Co.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

abc  Seaboard  Steel  &  Manganese  Corp.,  DO  East  42d  St.,  New  Y'ork,  N.  Y. 

c  Seattle  Smelting  Co.,  Van  Asselt  Station,  Seattle,  Wash. 

ab  Arthur  Seligman,  105  Broadway,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

be  Shaffer  Engineering  Co.,   Nazareth,   Pa. 

be  Sligo  Furnace  Co.,  915  Olive  St.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

c  Sloss-Sheffield  Steel  &  Iron  Co.,  Birmingham,  Ala. 

b  C.  Soloman,  Jr.,  South  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

abc  Southern  Manganese  Corp.,  Anniston,  Ala. 

be  Standard  Steel  Works  Co.,  11th  Floor,  Morris  Bldg.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

ab  Oscar  Stromberg,  Tribune  Bldg.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

abc  The  Suffern    Co.,  Inc.,  90  Wall  St.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

ab  Superior  Portland  Cement  Co.,  Concrete,  Wash. 

c  Tacoma  Metals  Co.,  Tacoma,  Wash. 

abc  Tennessee  Coal,  Iron  &  Railroad  Co.,  Birmingham,  Ala. 

c  Thomas  Iron  Co.,  Hokendauqua,  Pa. 

c  Toledo  Fiirnace  Co.,  Toledo,  Ohio. 


loo  CALIFORNIA  STATE   MINING  BUREAU. 

a  U.   S.   Glass  Co.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

be  United  States  Steel  Coip.,  Empire  Bldg.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

b  Utah  Iron  &  Steel  Co.,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 

b  Vanadium  Steel  Alloys  Co.,  Latrobe,  Pa. 

ab  Western  Reduction  Co.,  Portland,  Ore. 

b  Wharton  Steel  Co.,  Morris  Bldg.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

c  Wickwire  Steel  Co.,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

c  Wisconsin  Steel  Co.,  Harvester  Bldg.,  Chicago,  111. 

c  Worth  Bros.  Co.,  Widener  Bldg.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


I 


Production  of  Manganese  Ore  in  California. 

Production  of  manganese  ore  in  California  began  at  the  Lack!  Mine, 
San  Joaqnin  Connty,  in  the  Tesla  District  in  1867.  AVhen  shipments 
of  this  ore  to  England  ceased  late  in  1874,  upwards  of  5000  tons  had 
been  produced  by  that  property.  For  some  years  following  that,  the 
output  was  small.  The  tabulation  herewith  shows  the  California  out- 
put of  manganese  ore,  annually,  since  1887,  when  the  compilation  of 
such  figures  was  begun  by  the.  State  Mining  Bureau : 


year 


Tons 


1887 
1888 
1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 
1893 
1894 
1895 
1896 
1897 
1898 
1899 
1900 
1901 
1902 
1903 


l.OCO 
1.500 
53 
386 
705 
300 
270 
523 
880 
518 
504 
440 
295 
131 
425 
870 
1 


Value 


$9,000 
13,.500 
901 
3.176 
3.830 
3,000 
4.050 
5,512 
8,200 
3,415 
4,080 
2.102 
3,165 
1,310 
4,405 
7,140 
25 


Year 


ieo4 

1905 
1906 
1907 
1908 
1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 
1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 


Totals 


Tons 


60 


1 

1 
321 

3 
265 

2 
22 


150 

4.013 

13.404 

15,515 


42,558 


Value 


$900 

30 

25 

5,785 
75 

4,2;w 

40 

400 


1.500 

49,098 

274,601 

396,659 


$810,159 


1 


MANGANESE    AND    CHROMIUM.  101 

Part  II. 

CHROMIUM. 


INTRODUCTION. 

By   C.  A.   IjOgan. 
History. 

Chromium  was  discovered  about  1797  by  a  French  chemist,  Louis 
Nicolaus  Vauquelin,  in  ore  from  Siberia.^  From  that  time  until  1827 
the  Urals,  in  the  region  of  Ekaterinburg,  supplied  the  chromium  tised  in 
Europe.  In  the  summer  of  1827,  as  the  historian  advises  us,  Isaac 
Tyson,  Jr.,  saw  in  a  Baltimore  market-place  a  cart  containing  a  eider 
barrel,  which  was  held  from  rolling  about  by  some  heavy  black  stones. 
He  had  made  a  study  of  such  stones  at  the  first  known  American 
locality,  the  Bare  Hills  near  his  father's  home,  six  miles  from  Baltimore, 
and  he  recognized  the  black  stones  as  chromite.  On  inquiry,  he  found 
the  chromite  came  from  the  Reed  Farm  in  Harford  County,  27  miles 
northeast  of  Baltimore.  At  this  time,  Tyson  was  one  of  the  very  few 
men  in  the  country  who  knew  the  value  of  chromite,  and  in  the  next  few 
years  he  took  full  advantage  of  this  knowledge. 

He  immediately  bought  the  Reed  Farm.  He  found  about  30  tons  of 
float  ore  on  the  surface,  but  there  was  no  outcrop  of  ore  in  place. 
Nevertheless  he  sank  a  shaft,  and  at  a  depth  of  eight  feet  struck  an  ore- 
pocket  which  proved  to  be  80'  long,  25'  wide,  and  8'  in  maximum 
thickness.  His  next  discovery  was  of  placer  chromite  in  the  sands  in 
the  beds  of  brooks  on  an  estate  called  Soldiers'  Delight,  16  miles  north- 
west of  Baltimore.  Thus  far,  Tyson's  observations  had  shown  him  that 
chromite  occurred  apparently  only  in  serpentine  areas.  His  explorations 
were  now  leading  him  farther  afield.  In  1828  he  found  on  the  Wood 
Farm,  in  Lancaster  County,  Pennsylvania,  a  deposit  of  float  chromite 
which  led  him  to  lease  the  ore  right  of  the  farm,  which  he  finally 
purchased  in  1832.  Here  he  developed  the  famous  Wood  Mine,  the 
largest  single  producer  of  chromite  in  the  world.  This  property  has 
yielded  about  100,000  tons  of  ore.  Exploring  the  southern  Appalachian 
region  in  this  way,  Tyson  shortly  obtained  control  of  mineral  rights  in 
an  area  about  60  miles  long,  extending  northward  from  Soldiers'  Delight 
and  including  all  the  paying  chromite  properties  in  Maryland,  Penn- 
sylvania and  Virginia. 

The  monopoly  thus  established  Avas  enjoyed  by  the  Tysons  from  1827 
to  1860,  during  which  time  the  Baltimore  region  produced  practically 


'Glenn,  William,   Chrome  in   the   southei-n  Appalachian  region  :  Trans.   A.   I.  M.   E., 
vol.  25,   p.   482,   1895, 


102  CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 

all  the  world's  supply  of  chromite.  The  discovery  of  chromite  near 
BriLsa  in  Asia  Minor  in  1848  by  an  American  geologist,  J.  Lawrence 
Smith,  led  to  the  opening  of  several  districts  which  shipped  their  ores 
from  Maeri  and  Ghemlek,  and  finally  took  the  monopoly  away  from 
America. 

Genesis  of  Chromite  Deposits. 

It  is  well  settled  that  chromite  deposits  are  the  result  of  magmatic 
segregation,  and  this  point  has  been  brought  out  in  a  rather  copious  liter- 
ature, from  which  only  a  few  salient  points  can  be  quoted  here.  The 
theorj'-,  in  brief,  is  that  minerals  separate  from  molten  magma  in  the  in- 
verse order  of  their  solubilities  in  the  fused  mass.  The  more  basic,  among 
which  chromite  is  prominent,  are  the  least  soluble  and  separate  first, 
Avhile  other  minerals  remain  in  a  fused  state.  Fully  developed  crystals 
of  chromite  occur,  imposing  their  outlines  on  the  surrounding  mass  of 
other  minerals,  which  are  thus  proven  to  have  crystallized  later  than  the 
chromite.  While  chromite  is  not  an  essential  miueraP  in  peridotite  and 
allied  rocks,  its  almost  constant  occurrence  in  them  is  emphasized  by 
numerous  writers. 

The  theories  dealing  with  the  mechanics  of  cooling  magmas  are  that 
the  crystallization  would  first  take  place  on  the  outer  boundaries  of  the 
molten  mass,  which  in  the  case  of  an  intrusive  like  peridotite  or  dunite, 
would  be  injected  into  the  country  rock  as  a  plug,  chimney  or  sill. 
Convection  currents  would  tend  to  bring  new  supplies  to  the  outer 
boundaries.  Chromite,  crystallizing  first  or  nearly  first  of  the  minerals 
in  the  magma,  would  tend  to  collect  near  the  outer  boundaries  of  the 
intrusive.  In  line  with  this  reasoning,  J.  II.  Pratt-  points  out  that 
the  chromite  which  occurs  as  imbedded  masses  and  disseminated  parti- 
cles in  all  North  Carolina  peridotite,  is  seen  to  be  near  the  borders  of 
the  peridotite  lenses.  Reference  to  many  of  our  California  chromite 
deposits  bears  out  this  theory  fully. ^  The  point  is  one  that  ought  to  be 
taken  account  of  by  the  chrome  prospector,  who  wishes  to  know  where 
his  search  is  most  apt  to  be  rewarded. 

OCCURRENCES  IN  CALIFORNIA. 
Chromite  has  been  found  in  quantity  sufficient  to  mine  in  twenty-four 
counties  of  California.  The  records  of  this  Bureau  indicate  that  ship- 
ments were  made  from  all  these  counties  but  two  during  1916  or  1917, 
and  both  these  counties  have  recently  reported  production.  Outside 
of  certain  placer  gravels,  all  the  chromite  mined  here  so  far,  except 

'J.  V.  Lewis — Geol.  Survey  of  North  Carolina.  Bull.  11.  See  also  the  publications 
of   Geol.    Surveys   of    Maryland,    Pennsylvania   and    Georgia. 

"Pratt,  .T.  H.,  The  occurrence,  origin,  and  chemical  occurrence  of  chromite:  Trans. 
A.   I.  M.   E.,  vol.   29,  pp.  17-39.   1S99. 

■'See  also  "Chromite."  A.  Burch  and  S.  H.  Dolbear.  pages  19-20.  Their  theory  is 
that  folding,   faulting  and  erosion   expose  the  bodies  of   chromite. 


I 


MANGANESE   AND    CHROMIUM,  103 

one  body  in  Plumas  County,  has  occurred  in  serpentine  or  in  rocks 
which  yield  serpentine  on  weathering.  The  single  exception  is  said 
to  occur  in  limestone  and  has  yielded  about  200  tons.  The  serpen- 
tine areas  of  California  are  generally  considered  to  be  of  various 
ages;  the  areas  associated  with  the  Franciscan  series  of  the  Coast 
Ranges  have  been  called  upper  Jurassic,  and  those  in  the  Klamath 
region  have  been  considered  by  some  geologists  as  pre-Cambrian, 
while  the  serpentine  along  the  INIother  Lode  is  thought  to  be  of 
similar  age  to  that  in  the  Coast  Ranges.  Good  producers  have  been 
developed  in  all  the  three  regions,  but  each  district  shows  interesting 
features. 

Southern  Coast  Range  Counties. 

The  principal  chromite  mines  of  San  Luis  Obispo  County  are  grouped 
in  a  small  area  lying  six  to  nine  miles  north  of  San  Luis  Obispo,  and 
ore  is  shipped  from  there  and  from  Goldtree.  Roads  are  generally  good 
and  largely  in  favor  of  traffic,  as  the  mines  are  between  900  and  2000 
feet  in  elevation,  considerably  higher  than  the  railroad  points.  The 
climate  is  so  mild  that  mining,  even  on  the  surface,  can  be  carried  on 
practically  without  interruption.  Cost  of  hauling  the  ore  to  the  railroad 
ranges  from  $1.25  to  about  $5.00  a  ton,  depending  on  the  season  as  well 
as  on  distance. 

Up  to  1896,  when  the  last  of  the  California  chrome  miners  were 
forced  out  of  business  by  cheap  imported  ores,  San  Luis  Obispo  County 
"  had  produced  30,000  tons^  of  chromite,  most  of  which  carried  over  50% 
Cr.O:;.  The  first  plant  in  the  United  States  for  concentrating  chromite 
was  built  at  San  Luis  Obispo  in  1893,  as  it  was  realized  even  then  that 
high  grade  bodies  near  the  railroad  were  being  exhausted.  Recent 
operators  have  opened  up  many  old  properties,  and  have  also  made  new 
discoveries.  Present  high  prices  justify  extensive  underground  explora- 
tion which  would  have  been  unwarranted  previous  to  1915.  These  prices 
have  also  stimulated,  here  as  elsewhere  in  the  state,  the  search  for  ore 
in  regions  where  the  cost  of  hauling  M^ould  have  absorbed  all  profit  at 
pre-war  figures. 

Principal  producers  are  the  New  London,  Pick  and  Shovel,  Trinidad 
and  Castro,  all  familiar  names  20  years  ago.  All  these  but  the  Castro 
have  been  shipping  fairly  high  grade  ore.  New  underground  explora- 
tion in  the  Pick  and  Shovel  (which  had  2500  feet  of  old  tunnels)  has 
revealed  new  lenses  of  ore,  one  said  to  contain  1000  tons.  Similarly, 
tunnels  in  the  New  London  have  developed  numerous  lenses.  These 
lenses  are  often  connected  by  stringers  of  low  grade  ore  which  serve  as 
indicators  to  the  miner.     In  a  given  mine,  it  is  sometimes  noted  that 


'Mines  and   mineral   resources   of   Monterey   et   nl.   counties;    Cal.    State   Min.    Bur., 
80,   191^.  .         .      Y       I'  .  .  .„       .  n  ^      ^ 


104  CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU.  ; 


lenses  thus  connected  have  the  same  pitch,  but  there  is  no  concordance 
in  pitch  in  the  lenses  at  difiPerent  properties.     No  contact  deposits  are 
reported  here,  but  many  of  the  best  bodies  of  chromite  have  occurred 
near  the  borders   of  the  serpentine.     These   deposits   should  not  be 
confused  with  quartz  veins  deposited  in  "true  fissures."     The  fissure,  in  \ 
the  case  of  quartz  veins,  has  been  a  controlling  factor  in  the  deposition 
of  vein  material.     In   the  case  of  chromite  in  serpentine,  the  more 
rational  conclusion  seems  to  be  that  the  fissuring,  if  any  is  observable, 
occurred  after  the  mineralization,  and  was  quite  likely  due  to  forces  of  ; 
expansion   and  readjustment  within  the   rock,   while  the  increase   in  ^ 
volume  coincident  Avith  serpentinization  was  going  on. 

Concentration  is  being  carried  on  successfully  at  the  Castro  on  dis-  f 
seminated  ore  running  from  20%  to  25%  Cr.,03,  and  at  the  Norcross  on  ; 
ore  of  lower  grade.  The  undeveloped  and  slightly  explored  area  1 
between  this  group  of  mines  and  the  northern  county  line,  in  a  north-  ; 
westerly  direction  through  Pine  Mountain,  offers  possibilities  which  ; 
would  stand  more  chance  of  development  if  a  more  liberal  policy  were 
exhibited  by  the  large  land  owners.  j 

Recent  advice  indicates  that  the  productive  San  Luis  Obispo  County 
chromite  belt  has  been  traced  northwestward  into  Monterey  County, 
where  a  promising  prospect  is  being  developed  west  of  Jolon.  Ore  from 
this  district  will  be  hauled  to  King  City,  28  miles  distant,  by  auto  truck, 
but  about  eight  miles  of  road-building  will  be  required  before  liauling  is  . 
begun.  ' 

Some  snuill  l)odies  of  chromite  liad  been  observed  in  Santa  Barbara 
County,  but  no  production  made  previous  to  1918.  Recently,  good- 
sized  bodies  of  high  grade  ore  have  been  opened  32  to  15  miles  south- 
east of  Los  Olivos  and  one  company  reports  having  shipped  over  500 
tons  of  ore,  averaging  about  50%  Cr.O;;  this  year,  with  much  more  in 
sight. 

Tulare  and  Fresno  Counties. 

The  Tulare  County  deposits  are  in  serpentine  belts  striking  north- 
west, in  the  large  area  mapped  as  "Plutonics,"  by  J.  P.  Smith. ^  This 
region  slopes  up  sharply  from  the  valley  to  the  highest  peaks  of  the 
Sierra  Nevada  and  has  been  only  slightly  explored  by  miners  and 
geologists.  The  principal  production  in  this  county  came  from  the 
Vaughn  Mine,  four  miles  southeast  of  Porterville,  in  1916.  At  present 
there  is  little  ore  being  produced ;  a  reported  jdeld  of  3435  tons  in  1916 
was  followed  by  the  production  of  scarcely  500  tons  in  1917.  About 
one-half  of  this  came  from  the  Vaughn  property  which  was  considered 
worked  out  the  previous  year. 


'Smith,  J.  P.,  The  geologic  formations  of  CaUfornia :  Cal.  State  Min.  Bur.,  Bull. 

c\    nrfomnnnvine"   man     1fl17 


and  accompanying  map,  1917 


MANGANESE    AND    CHROMIUM.  105 

Fresno  County  has  chroinite  deposits  in  the  serpentine  associated 
with  the  Franciscan  formation  in  the  extreme  southwest  corner  of 
the  county  as  well  as  in  the  Sierra  foothill  belt.  The  former  are  unim- 
portant. There  is  an  immense  area  of  serpentine  a  little  farther  north 
along  the  San  Benito-Fresno  counties  line,  just  south  of  New  Idria,  but 
it  seems  to  carry  only  a  little  chromite,  though  quicksilver  is  prominent 
in  it.  The  principal  production  of  chromite  has  come  from  the  Watt 
Valley  district.  Fresno  County  was  the  second  largest  producer  of 
chromite  in  the  state  in  1916,  but  production  dropped  from  over  9,000 
tons  that  year  to  scarcely  6000  tons  in  1917,  and  as  far  as  can  be 
judged  there  Avill  be  a  slight  falling  oft'  again  in  1918.  There  have  been 
several  small  producers  whose  total  output  amounted  to  4  or  5  cars 
each.  Ore  from  the  Watt  Valley  district  is  hauled  to  CHovis,  about  24 
miles  distant,  at  a  cost  of  $4.75  to  $6.00  a  ton.  Other  shipping  points 
are  Sanger,  Piedra  and  Coalinga.  Hauling  from  the  Pine  Flat  district 
to  Piedra  costs  about  $3.00  a  ton.  The  most  expensive  haul  is  to 
Coalinga,  from  the  areas  east  of  Stone  Canyon  and  south  of  New  Idria. 

Concentration  is  being  introduced  in  Fresno  County  and  three  plants 
were  projected  early  this  year,  but  so  far  as  known  are  not  yet  com- 
pleted. The  Franciscan  area  near  New  Idria  and  Hernandez  holds  out 
some  promise  of  developing  a  body  of  disseminated  ore  but  there  has  not 
been  enough  work  done  here  to  show  what  tonnage  of  such  ore  is 
available. 

Counties  West  of  San  Joaquin  Valley. 

The  counties  of  Alameda,  Santa  Clara,  San  Benito,  and  Stanislaus  all 
contain  areas  of  Franciscan  rocks  with  which  are  associated  serpentine 
carrying  chromite.  Production  from  Alameda  County  has  been  practi- 
cally all  from  the  Newman  Mine,  15  miles  southeast  of  Livermore.  Total 
production  here  has  been  about  3500  tons.  Production  in  Santa  Clara 
County  has  amounted  altogether  to  about  500  tons,  mostly  from  the 
Winship  properties.  Similarly,  the  amount  of  chromite  so  far  produced 
in  San  Benito  County  has  been  insignificant,  in  spite  of  the  great  area 
of  serpentine  in  the  southeastern  corner  of  the  county.  The  Stanislaus 
chromite  dej^osits  are  in  the  serpentine  belt  which  includes  the  chromite 
properties  in  Alameda  County.  Chromite  occurs  here,  as  in  Alameda 
County,  both  as  massive  hard  black  ore  and  soft  grayish  ore,  grading 
into  serpentine.  Reported  production  to  date  has  been  about  2000 
tons,  mostly  sold  in  1917.  Chromite  mining  was  made  possible  here 
largely  by  the  building  of  a  narrow  gauge  railroad  westward  from 
Patterson,  and  the  properties  so  far  productive  are  adjacent  to  this 
road,  at  points  from  19  to  23  miles  from  Patterson.  Future  develop- 
ment will  no  doubt  be  chiefly  in  the  innnediate  neighborhood  of  the 


106  CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING  BUREAU. 

road,  because  of  the  rough  nature  of  the  country.  Concentration  is 
already  being  provided  for  by  the  erection  of  a  custom  plant  of  50 
tons  capacity,  21  miles  west  of  Patterson  on  the  narrow  gauge  line. 
A  large  tonnage  of  ore  said  to  assay  25%  to  30%  Cr,03  has  been 
developed  and  will  be  concentrated.  Other  owners  control  over  5000 
acres  of  land  in  the  district  which  has  not  been  thoroughly  prospected, 
but  is  known  to  show  numerous  small  outcrops.  The  county  may, 
therefore,  be  safely  included  among  the  moderate  producers  for  some 
time,  although  developments  to  date  do  not  warrant  any  hope  of  a  big 
yield. 

Coast  Ranges,  North  of  San  Francisco  Bay. 

The  Franciscan  area  beginning  iu  Marin  County  extends  thence 
northwest  through  Del  Norte  County,  being  flanked  on  both  sides  by 
Cretaceous  rocks.  In  the  present  state  of  our  knowledge,  the  greater 
parts  of  Sonoma,  Napa,  Lake  and  Mendocino  counties  are  considered  as 
being  covered  by  the  Franciscan,  but  there  are  of  course  through  this 
district  many  small  residual  areas  of  Tertiary  rocks  as  well  as  minor 
deposits  of  Quaternary  terrace  gravels,  and  eruptives  such  as  those 
which  flank  both  sides  of  Napa  Valley  and  extend  to  Clear  Lake.  The 
region  had  already  been  known  to  geologists  principally  by  reason  of  the 
quicksilver  deposits  of  Napa  and  Lake  counties.  Mendocino  and 
northern  Lake  County,  as  well  as  the  southern  part  of  Humboldt  and 
Trinity  counties,  comprise  a  terra  incognita  where  no  general  systematic 
geological  study  has  been  made. 

The  greatest  handicap  suffered  by  this  district  is  lack  of  transporta- 
tion. The  lenses  of  massive  chromite  so  far  developed  have  been  small, 
but  a  great  deal  of  low  grade  disseminated  ore  is  reported.  A  little 
over  500  tons  of  chromite  has  been  shipped  from  Cazadero,  Guerneville 
and  Geyserville,  having  been  mined  in  the  serpentine  in  the  western 
part  of  Sonoma  County.  There  are  no  other  chromite  bodies  known  at 
present  and  no  definite  promise  of  future  production  from  that  county. 
In  Napa  County  reported  production  has  scarcely  exceeded  that  in 
Sonoma  and  at  the  beginning  of  1918  there  were  only  two  owners  in  the 
county  who  reported  promise  of  further  yield,  although  prospecting 
i.s  going  on  in  the  Franciscan  area  east  of  Calistoga.  Lake  County  has 
yielded  about  2500  tons  of  chromite  during  the  two  years  of  1916  and 
1917,  and  two-thirds  of  this  production  was  made  in  1917,  but  there 
are  no  promising  developments  on  foot  now,  and  it  is  problematical 
Avhether  or  not  production  can  be  maintained  at  anything  like  the  rate 
of  the  past  year.  The  principal  producer  reports  little  ore  left.  Ore 
shipped  so  far  has  been  taken  out  near  the  surface,  with  the  exception 
of  a  few  carloads  mined  on  the  property  of  the  Great  Western  Quick- 


MANGANESE   AND    CHROMIUM.  107 

silver  Mining  Co.,  where  the  ore  body  was  covered  with  such  an  over- 
burden that  mining  cost  promised  to  become  prohibitive.  The  ore  in 
general  is  high  grade,  and  most  of  it  has  been  used  by  a  local  tanning 
company  in  making  chemicals.  The  good  quality  of  the  ore,  which 
ranges  from  45%  to  52%  Cr.Oj,  is  attributable  to  its  superficial  char- 
acter, and  the  removal  of  impurities  by  weathering.  Ore  from  the 
Lucky  Strike  Mine  in  Morgan  Valley  is  hauled  by  trucks  directly  to 
the  Napa  chemical  plant,  a  distance  of  60  miles  at  a  cost  of  $8.00  a  ton. 
Other  producers  have  been  hauling  their  product  to  Calistoga,  the 
principal  railroad  shipping  point  for  the  county,  the  cost  being  around 
$5.00  a  ton.  Properties  so  far  reported  lie  between  Lower  Lake  and  the 
region  of  Mt.  St.  Helena. 

Mendocino  county  has  so  far  been  the  smallest  producer  of  this  dis- 
trict, but  holds  out  some  promise  because  of  the  many  prospects  located 
there.  Notable  among  these  is  the  float  ore  on  Big  Red  Mountain. 
About  100  claims  have  been  located  here,  but  not  enough  work  has  been 
done  to  determine  the  presence  of  ore  at  depth,  and  until  such  ore  is 
developed  we  must  assume  the  deposit  to  be  of  superficial  blanket 
character  resulting  from  the  breaking  up  and  scattering  of  ore  bodies. 
A  road  passes  one  mile  west  of  the  prospects  and  the  nearest  point  on 
a  railroad  is  Longvale,  30  miles  distant.  A  deposit  of  disseminated  ore 
four  miles  northeast  of  Largo,  a  station  on  the  railroad,  has  been 
prospected  by  the  Noble  Electric  Steel  Co.,  but  they  did  not  develop 
a  large  enough  body  to  warrant  erection  of  a  concentrating  plant. 
Deposits  on  Little  Red  Mountain,  just  north  of  Big  Red  Mountain, 
show  widespread  distribution  of  chromite  on  the  surface,  but  lenses  in 
place  have  not  been  developed. 

Klamath  Mountain  Region. 

This  division  includes,  so  far  as  this  report  is  concerned,  Del  Norte, 
Siskiyou,  Trinity  and  part  of  Shasta  counties.  Considerations  of  geo- 
logical age  and  structure  have  led  to  distinctions  being  drawn  between 
this  region  on  the  one  hand,  and  both  the  Coast  Ranges  and  Sierra 
Nevada  on  the  other.  The  countr}^  includes  California's  portion  of  the 
old  eroded  land  surface  known  as  the  Klamath  peneplain,  which  is 
held  by  Diller^  to  have  been  mostly  dry  land  during  Cretaceous  and 
Tertiary  times,  when  the  valley  on  the  east  and  the  coastal  region  on 
the  west  were  being  mantled  by  sediments.  The  rocks  exposed  in  the 
Klamath  peneplain  region  are  generally  conceded  to  be  Carboniferous 
and  older,  but  there  is  such  a  scarcity  of  fossils  that  determinations 
of  age  by  paleontology  are  not  generally  possible.  There  is  strong  prob- 
ability that  there  are  numerous  areas  of  rocks  here  younger  than  the 


^Diller,    J.    S.,    Topographic    development    of    the    Klamath    Mountains:  U.    S.    Geol. 
Surv.,  Bull.  196,  pp.  1-69,  1902. 


108  CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 

Carboniferous  system,  as  the  greater  part  of  the  district,  like  the  coun- 
ties to  the  south,  has  never  been  studied  in  detail,  except  for  small  areas 
in  central  and  eastern  Trinity  County. 

Serpentine  occurs  widely  distributed.  In  Del  Norte  County  there  are 
two  broad  zones  of  it.  All  the  producing  chromite  mines  so  far  opened 
are  in  the  western  area  which  traverses  the  entire  county  at  an  average 
distance  of  8  to  10  miles  from  the  coast,  being  over  12  miles  wide  at  the 
state  line.  This  serpentine  is  associated  with  numerous  intrusive  bodies 
generally  described  as  diorites,  but  probably  better  classified  as  green- 
stones, as  no  work  has  been  done  to  definitely  classify  them.  The 
two  largest  chrome  mines  in  the  county  are  located  near  the  contact  of 
serpentine  and  the  so-called  diorite.  These  are  the  old  Tyson  properties 
known  as  the  French  Hill  and  Low  Divide  Mines.  These  mines  have 
produced  practically  all  the  ore  yet  shipped  from  the  county.  The 
chromite  is  massive,  black  and  of  high  grade,  running  from  46%  to  51% 
Cr^.O..;,  but  appearing  to  be  even  higher  grade,  because  of  the  high  iron 
.oxide  content.  East  of  the  Low  Divide,  on  the  High  Plateau,  numerous 
prospects  have  been  located  during  the  past  year  which  promise  well. 
These  claims  are  very  inaccessible,  being  separated  by  rugged,  roadless 
country  from  both  the  Crescent  City  and  Grants  Pass  roads.  It  is  prob- 
able that  only  limited  tonnages  can  be  shipped  from  here  for  some  time 
to  come.  East  of  French  Hill  another  group  of  new  locations  is  being 
prospected,  and  some  production  will  probably  be  made  in  1918.  These 
claims  are  near  forest  trails  at  points  from  3  to  18  miles  from  the  nearest 
road,  which  ends  on  French  Hill  near  the  Tyson  mine.  Transportation 
is  a  vital  question  to  the  miners  in  this  county,  and  is  entirely  inadequate 
as  will  be  seen  by  reference  to  the  body  of  this  report.  Production  in 
1918  will  probably  be  from  the  Tyson  properties  and  from  the  newly 
located  Hawkins  and  Young  properties  which  are  being  opened.  There 
remains  in  this  county  an  immense  area  of  potential  chrome  producing 
territory,  extending  from  the  Klamath  River  northward  in  the  west 
belt,  and  on  the  ea.st  side  of  the  county.  The  latter  area  will  probably 
be  opened  from  the  Siskiyou  County  side,  and  development  there  will 
depend  on  the  degree  of  success  attending  efforts  to  open  up  deposits 
on  the  same  belt  in  Siskij'^ou  County. 

Deposits  so  far  productive  in  Siskiyou  County  are  in  general  scat- 
tered, small  bodies,  there  being  only  one  property,  near  Dunsmuir, 
which  had  yielded  over  300  tons  up  to  the  end  of  1917.  There  are, 
however,  some  new  districts  being  opened  near  the  Klamath  River,  one 
being  the  Gottville  district  and  the  other  between  Happy  Camp  and 
Somes  Bar.  Sixty  men  are  said  to  be  now  employed  extending  the 
road  down  the  river  from  Happy  Camp  to  tap  the  latter  region,  from 
which  ore  will  be  hauled  in  trucks  to  Hornbrook.     A  considerable 


I 


MANGANESE   AND   CHROMIUM.  109 

tonnago  of  ore  runiiiiig  30%  to  45%  Cr.O..  is  said  to  he  ready  for 
hauling  from  the  two  districts.  Tlie  cost  of  hauling  from  (iottville  to 
Hornbrook,  18  miles,  is  stated  to  ])e  ^A.')0  a  ton.  Another  body  of  low 
grade,  said  to  be  qnite  extensive,  has  been  opened  on  the  north  side  of 
the  Klamath  near  Hamburg,  48  miles  from  the  railroad  and  unfortu- 
nately separated  from  the  road  by  the  river.  A  tramwaj^  or  bridge  will 
be  required,  and  the  haul  to  Hornbrook  would  cost  probably  in  excess 
of  $12.00  a  ton.  Ore  from  the  small  mines  in  the  Callahan  district  is 
hauled  35  to  40  miles  to  Gazelle  at  high  cost,  and  from  Scott  Valley 
district  ore  is  hauled  to  Yreka.  The  Coggins  Deposit,  which  is  an 
extension  of  the  Little  Castle  Creek  deposit  in  Shasta  County,  is  near 
Dunsmuir  on  the  railroad.  It  has  produced  more  ehromite  to  the  end 
of  1917  than  all  the  other  properties  in  the  county. 

P  Production  from  Trinity  County  has  been  negligible  so  far,  but  at  the 
Crow  Creek  property,  18  miles  west  of  Castella,  about  2000  tons  is  said 
to  be  blocked  out,  with  1000  tons  mined  early  in  1918,  awaiting  com- 
pletion of  a  road.  Aside  from  this  property  the  only  other  production 
reported  to  the  credit  of  the  county  came  from  small  lenses  mined  in 
1916  on  the  upper  waters  of  Hayfork  near  Wildwood,  distant  about  58 
miles  by  road  from  Redding,  and  from  property  mined  for  a  few 
months  in  the  summer  of  1917  near  Auto  Rest,  from  which  place  ore 
was  hauled  84  miles  to  Red  Blutf  by  auto  truck  at  a  cost  of  $13.50  a 
ton.  As  noted  in  the  description  of  Trinity  County  properties,  there  are 
a  nniltitude  of  small  prospects  in  the  county,  but  the  season  for  hauling 
is  short  and  in  most  cases  the  properties  are  so  remote  from  the  railroad 
as  to  seriously  hamper  their  development.  The  Crow  Creek  region  may 
be  reasonably  looked  to  for  new  development  this  year,  in  addition  to 

,    that  at  the  Crow  Creek  mine  itself. 

'  The  productive  area  in  Shasta  County  is  in  the  northwestern  corner 
of  the  county  west  of  the  railroad,  between  Shotgun  Creek  and  the 

'    Siskiyou  County  line.    Three  properties  here  have  produced  over  21,000 

i  tons,  of  Avhich  amount  more  than  15,000  tons  came  from  the  Little 
Castle  Creek  Mine.  The  bulk  of  this  was  mined  in  1916.  The  Little 
Castle  Creek  ore  body  has  apparently  been  exhausted.  The  Shotgun 
Creek  property,  which  yielded  well  in  the  past,  was  prospected  in  1917 
but  reported  no  production.  The  Forest  Queen,  a  big  producer  in  1916, 
show^ed  a  falling  off  of  65%  in  1917.  The  district  is  promising  for 
further  production  but  there  have  been  no  developments  to  date  during 
1918  which  warrant  us  in  looking  for  heavy  yield  this  year. 

Counties  on  West  Side  of  Sacramento  Valley. 

Tehama,  Glenn  and  Colusa  counties  form  a  group  Avhose  western  por- 
tions are  linked  geologically  with  the  coast  counties,  but  are  accessible 
onlv  from  the  vallev  to  the  east.     Franciscan  rocks  form  the  eastern 


110  CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 

slope  of  the  Coast  llan^'os  and  extend  well  down  toward  the  valley,  the 
contact  with  unaltered  Cretaceous  sedinientari(»s  being  easily  traced. 
Serpentine  is  prominent  near  the  contact,  in  the  Franciscan  series,  and 
extends  for  miles  in  areas  broken  by  frequently  occurring  buttes  of 
chert,  which  has  proven  so  resistant  to  weathering  that  its  massive  por- 
tions form  the  prominent  topographical  features. 

Tehama  and  Glenn  Counties  have  made  considerable  production,  but 
Colusa  County  has  so  far  not  reported  any  ore  shipped,  although  there 
are  numerous  prospects  in  the  region  of  Stonyford  and  Wilbur  Springs, 
at  distances  of  from  25  to  35  miles  from  the  railroad  at  Fruto  and 
Williams.  The  most  promising  property  in  Tehama  County  is  in  the  ex- 
treme northwest  corner  on  Tedoc  Mountain.  From  here  to  Red  Bluff 
the  haul  is  53  miles,  over  twelve  miles  of  road  having  been  recently  built 
to  reach  20  claims  which  have  not  been  developed  much  yet,  but  are 
known  to  carry  a  great  deal  of  float  ore.  Production  in  1917  was  from 
near  the  surface  and  the  ore  averaged  47%  Cr.Oa.  The  haul  costs  $8.00 
a  ton.  Two  properties  32  miles  southwest  of  Red  Bluff  have  prodnced 
considerable  high  grade  ore  in  the  past  two  years,  being  credited  with 
a  total  of  about  2500  tons.  The  haul  from  here  to  Red  Bluff  costs  about 
$5.00  a  ton.  A  concentrator  has  recently  been  erected  on  the  Kleinsorge 
property  in  the  same  district  and  ore  said  to  average  6%  over  the  entire 
surface  of  the  mineralized  zone  {\  mi.  x  2  mi.)  will  be  concentrated. 
Further  north,  on  Toms  Head  Peak,  several  hundred  tons  of  32%  ore 
have  been  mined.  This  county  will  probably  be  one  of  the  good  pro- 
ducers in  1918.    The  working  season  is  limited  to  the  dry  months. 

The  Black  Diamond  Mine  of  Glenn  County  has  been  one  of  the  state's 
best  producers,  having  a  record  of  nearly  6500  tons.  Over  3300  tons 
were  shipped  prior  to  1893,  and  nearly  3000  tons  in  1916.  Production 
languished  in  1917  and  at  last  report  prospecting  was  going  on  in  search 
of  new  lenses,  the  ore  in  sight  being  about  30%  CroOg.  Five  other 
properties  have  yielded  one  to  six  carloads  each.  Ore  from  the  Black 
Diamond  was  hauled  18  miles  to  Fruto.  Some  ore  from  other  mines 
has  been  shipped  from  Orland.  The  outlook  for  1918  production  is 
not  particularly  promising. 

Sierra  Nevada  Mountain  Counties. 

The  counties  grouped  hereunder  are  those  on  the  west  slope  of  the 
Sierra  Nevada  Mountains  beginning  with  Plumas  on  the  north  and 
extending  south  to  and  including  Mariposa.  Every  county  in  this 
group  has  contributed  to  the  production  of  chromite  during  the  past  two 
years,  except  Mariposa,  which  entered  the  list  in  May,  1918.  It 
may  also  be  said  that  production  is  on  the  increase  in  nearly  every 
one  of  these  counties  and  that  the  district  will  be  at  the  front  in 


MANGANESE   AND    CHROMIUM,  111 

the  list  of  producers  for  1918.  The  iiiiiiiiii^  of  chroiuitc  in  lliis  di.strict 
is  practically  a  new  industry.  Tlie  presence  of  the  ore  has  been  known 
for  years  but  the  price  obtainable  had  never  been  sufficient  to  justify 
mining.  A  few  properties  had  been  worked  and  a  little  production 
recorded,  notably  in  Calaveras  County,  where  the  total  tonnage  rained 
was  used  in  lining  copper  furnaces  at  the  Campo  Seco  smelter. 

The  serpentine  bodies  carrying  chromite  are  of  widespread  occur- 
rence and  show  marked  similarity.  Tliey  are  generally  long  narrow- 
bodies,  rarely  over  a  mile  wide,  but  often  several  miles  long,  with 
greatest  length  in  an  approximate  north  and  south  direction,  conform- 
ing to  the  general  strike  of  the  country  rock.  There  is  no  doubt  that 
originally  the  rocks  from  which  they  are  derived  were  in  most  cases 
injected  as  dikes  and  sills  along  contacts.  Areas  sometimes  mapped  as 
serpentine  may  contain  a  complex  mixture  of  rocks  not  properly  classi- 
fied as  serpentine.  Passing  through  the  region  of  Valley  Spring  there 
are  several  areas  of  serpentine  which  extend  northwest  and  southeast 
clear  across  the  Jackson  quadrangle,  partly  intruded  into  the  Calaveras 
(Carboniferous)  rocks  and  partly  into  the  contact  with  the  adjacent 
schists.  Similarly  in  El  Dorado  County,  serpentine  dikes  are  associated 
with  the  Calaveras  formation.  The  great  serpentine  belt  continues  in  this 
manner  across  Placer,  Nevada,  Sierra  and  into  Plumas  County.  It  has 
the  aspect  of  having  originally  been  intruded  as  an  immense  dike  into 
the  Carboniferous  rocks,  and  in  general  follows  the  strike  of  these 
formations.  The  continuity  of  the  surface  of  this  belt  has  been  broken 
at  frequent  intervals  by  later  volcanic  flows.  The  belt  is  wider  here 
than  to  the  south,  and  a  number  of  associated  rocks,  some  only  slightly 
serpentinized,  are  mapped  as  serpentine.  The  occvirrence  of  peridotite 
only  partly  altered,  has  led  to  the  conclusion  that  this  rock  has  in 
most  cases  been  the  original  formation  from  which  the  serpentine  came. 

In  the  southern  part  of  the  belt,  the  occurrences  of  chromite  so  far 
mined  have  generally  proven  small.  Of  sixteen  properties  reporting 
production  from  Tuolumne  County  in  1916  and  1917,  only  two  yielded 
over  500  tons  each.  Of  these  two,  the  larger  carried  ore  ranging  from 
29%  to  36%  CroOg.  No  large  low  grade  bodies  have  yet  been  opened  in 
the  county,  but  it  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  active  production  of  ore 
did  not  begin  here  until  1917.  Total  reported  production  is  about 
3000  tons.  The  haul  to  railroad  points  is  short,  ranging  from  one  to  six 
miles. 

Ore  bodies  in  Calaveras  County  show  the  same  characteristics  as  those 
of  Tuolumne,  and  the  production  to  date  has  been  about  the  same,  with 
only  one  property  reporting  over  300  tons  shipped.  Valley  Spring,  Mil- 
ton and  Angels  Camp  are  each  the  terminus  of  a  railroad  line,  and  ore 
has  been  hauled  to  these  points  chiefly.    The  cost  per  mile  of  hauling  ore 


112  CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 

is  liigh  bceaiise  of  poor  roads.  An  (^iglit  mile  haul  to  Angels  Camp  costs 
$H.OO  a  ton;  another  prodneei-  liauls  ore  35  miles  to  iMilton  at  a  cost  of 
$6.00  a  ton.  Prospecting  is  active,  and  small  bodies  continue  to  he 
found.  The  mild  winters  in  tiiis  belt  do  not  hinder  continuous  mining 
but  hauling  is  interrupted  by  muddy  roads.  Grade  of  ore  shipped  is 
similar  to  that  in  Tuolumne  County.  One  concentrating  plant  is  in 
operation  six  miles  from  Copperopolis. 

Amador  County  has  been  the  smallest  producer  of  the  group  to  date 
and  is  probably  the  least  promising  of  them,  but  prospecting  is  active, 
many  gold  miners  having  abandoned  their  old  pursuit  to  search  for 
chromite. 

El  Dorado  County  has  been  one  of  the  chief  producers  of  chromite, 
ranking  third  in  the  state  in  1!)16,  first  in  1!)17,  and  bidding  strongly  for 
first  place  in  1918.  While  there  have  been  and  still  are  large  shipments 
of  good  grade  crude  ore,  the  county  is  of  special  interest  because  of  the 
extensive  application  of  concentration  to  low  grade  chromite  ore.  The 
high  grade  bodies  have  been  usually  small  chimneys  and  lenses  Avhich 
could  be  exhausted  by  shallow  workings,  seldom  over  100  feet  deep. 
Low  grade  bodies  have  been  encountered  while  taking  out  these  small 
pockets  and  shipment  of  crude  ore  averaging  35%  to  45%  Cr.O.,  con- 
tinues at  many  properties,  while  mills  are  being  built  to  concentrate 
the  disseminated  ore.  Total  reported  production  in  1916  and  1917  from 
the  county  was  over  13,500  tons,  nearly  all  crude  ore.  Folsom  and 
Newcastle  are  the  principal  shipping  points.  It  costs  $2.50  a  ton  to  haul 
from  the  Pilliken  property  to  Folsom,  nine  miles  distant,  and  about 
$1.50  a  ton  to  haul  eight  miles  from  the  Zantgraff  district  to  Newcastle, 

Five  chromite  concentrating  plants  are  reported  either  in  operation 
or  in  course  of  construction  in  the  county  in  July,  1918.  The  plant  of 
the  Placer  Chrome  Co.  near  Rattlesnake  Bridge  on  the  Middle  Fork, 
American  River,  has  been  enlarged  to  100  tons  capacity  with  the  addi- 
tion of  another  Ilendy  ball  mill  and  several  improved  concentrators. 
Electric  power  has  been  installed.  Ilolbrook  and  McGuire  have  two 
concentrating  plants  on  the  Darrington  Lease,  eight  miles  from  Folsom, 
handling  ore  containing  8%  to  15%  CroO,.  The  Noble  Electric  Steel 
Co.  has  one  mill  nearing  completion  on  the  Pilliken  Ranch,  and  one 
being  built  on  the  Burnett  Ranch.  The  product  of  these  four  mills  will 
be  shipped  from  Folsom.  The  ore  to  be  milled  is  stated  to  not  exceed  j 
25%  CroOg.  No  figure  of  tonnage  available  for  milling  can  be  quoted. 
Production  from  the  last  two  mills  has  been  delayed  by  the  failure  of 
the  crushing  machinery  originally  installed  to  stand  up  under  the  work.  ,, 
The  company  is  now  building  new  mills  on  the  general  pattern  of  the  1 
Ellis-Chili  Mill,  but  heavier  and  sturdier  in  all  respects.  AVith  all  these 
mills  in  operation,  chrome  concentrate  averaging  45%  CroO,,  or  better 
will  form  probabl}'^  one-half,  at  least,  of  the  county's  1918  production. 


I 


1 


MANGANESE   AND   CHROMIUM,  113 

Placer  County  was,  ia  1917,  third  among  the  principal  producers  in 
the  state,  yielding  over  4200  tons.  Only  one  producer  reported  over 
1000  tons  from  a  single  property,  and  his  production  came  from  a 
number  of  small  superficial  kidneys  taken  from  the  surface.  The  Iowa 
Hill  and  Forest  Hill  districts  were  then,  and  continue  to  be  now,  the 
most  productive  localities,  although  ore  is  being  mined  farther  south 
on  the  ridges  lying  between  the  forks  of  American  River,  and  on  the 
nortli  side  of  the  railroad.  Cost  of  trucking  is  high.  A  haul  of  27^ 
miles  from  the  Forest  Hill  divide  to  Colfax  costs  $7.50  a  ton.  The 
North  Fork  of  American  River  flows  in  a  steep  canon,  and  there  is  a 
long  upgrade  to  the  railroad.  Hauling  from  the  mountain  districts  with 
trucks  is  halted  by  winter  and  the  dirt  roads  are  rapidly  ground  to 
deep  dust  by  heavy  traffic  in  summer.  One  concentrating  plant  has 
lately  been  built  near  the  Auburn-Grass  Valley  road,  about  five  miles 
from  Auburn.  There  is  said  to  be  a  good  tonnage  of  ore  averaging  20% 
Cr^Oj,  but  the  ore  body  has  not  been  blocked  out  at  last  report.  There 
has  been  about  one  ear  load  of  concentrate  carrying  40%  to  45%  Cr^O^ 
produced  to  date.  Changes  in  crushing  and  concentrating  machinery 
are  contemplated,  which  are  going  to  delay  further  production  for  some 
time. 

Nevada  County's  total  production  of  about  3000  tons  in  the  past  two 
years  has  been  shipped  chiefly  from  Nevada  City,  having  been  mined 
principally  near  there  and  in  the  neighborhood  of  Washington.  The 
longest  haul  is  20  to  25  miles.  The  Oustomah  and  Champion  stamp 
mills  at  Nevada  City  have  been  put  in  shape  lately  for  concentrating 
chromite.  An  ore  carrying  12%  to  20%  Cr^Og  is  giving  a  concentrate 
containing  32%  to  36%  chromite,  which  is  used  in  California  for  mak- 
ing chemicals.  ' 

Sierra  and  Plumas  counties  have  not  been  heavy  producers  of  chro- 
mite so  far.  These  counties  are  not  only  very  mountainous,  but  are  also 
remote  from  transportation  for  the  most  part,  and  the  season  for 
hauling  is  not  generally  over  six  months.  Chromite  is  now  being  mined 
and  shipped  from  the  vicinity  of  Downieville  and  from  near  Alleghany. 
Some  shipments  are  being  made  from  Blairsden  in  Plumas  County. 

DEVELOPMENTS  DURING  FIRST  HALF  OF  1918. 

No  new  districts  have  been  opened  this  year,  but  the  productive  areas 
are  being  enlarged  by  the  stimulation  of  prospecting  due  to  sustained 
demand  and  good  prices.* 

In  the  south,  small  shipments  have  been  made  from  the  vicinity  of 
Los  Olivos,  Santa  Barbara  Count}'.  In  San  Luis  Obispo  County  a  new 
concentrating  plant  is  being  built  by  H,  H.  Noble  on  the  northeast 

*See  supplementary  statement  on  p.  227,  post,  re  late  break  in  the  chromite  market. 
8-38953 


114  CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 


I 


side  of  the  Santa  Lucia  Mountains  on  the  Liberty  Group  of  claims  four 
miles  from  Santa  Margarita.  This  is  tlie  first  development  of  import- 
ance on  the  north  side  of  the  range. 

At  the  north,  Humboldt  County  has  entered  the  list  of  producers,  the 
initial  shipment  of  chromite  having  been  reported  June  13.  The  ore 
comes  from  near  Pecwan  Creek  and  is  taken  down  the  Klamath  to™ 
Requa  in  Indian  "dugout"  canoes.  Early  production  is  probable  fromi 
the  Horse  Mountain  Copper  Company's  claims,  25  miles  by  road  froiiil 
Eureka.  These  properties  are  in  the  same  belt  of  serpentine  which 
traverses  Del  Norte  County  and  the  development  of  chromite  was  to  be 
expected.  In  Del  Norte  County,  the  High  Plateau  is  being  made  acces- 
sible by  a  new  road.  Responsible  operators  have  taken  hold  of  the 
new  properties  in  the  Gordon  Mountain  district  (see  Young  and  others) 
and  greatly  increased  production  from  the  county  is  probable  this  year. 
Improved  steamer  service  or  direct  connection  with  a  railroad  will  be 
found  very  desiralile,  if  not  imperative,  here.  Strong  interests  have 
also  taken  hold  of  new  properties  three  miles  from  Ham])urg  in  northern 
Siskiyou  County  and  a  bridge  is  l)eing  put  acro&s  the  Klamath  tliere. 
(See  Chromite  Group). 

INCREASED  IMrORTANCE   OF   CONCENTRATION. 

With  nineteen  plants  for  concentrating  chromite  either  in  operation 
or  in  various  stages  of  construction,  it  may  be  seen  that  concentrates  will 
form  a  large  part  of  1918  production.  Any  prediction  of  the  future  of 
this  branch  of  the  industry  now  would  be  idle,  as  little  definite  develop- 
ment work  has  been  done,  and  operators  have  not  generally  gone  farther 
than  to  satisfy  themselves  that  they  have  enough  ore  to  .justify  building 
a  mill.  Burch  and  Dolbear^  estimate  the  cost  of  a  50-ton  plant  at 
$15,000.  To  the  writer's  personal  knowledge,  four  or  five  plants  which 
were  hastily  built  with  cheap  crushing  machinery  are  now  being 
re-equipped  and  will  be  delayed  in  entering  the  list  of  producers.  Slime 
losses  have  been  serious  at  some  properties  where  ball  mills  or  Hunting- 
ton mills  were  used  originally'  without  appropriate  slime  tables;  but 
with  standard  equipment,  concentration  of  chromite  offers  no  particular 
difficulties.  There  are  some  districts  where  the  iron  oxide  content  of 
the  ore  is  so  high  as  to  limit  the  percentage  of  chromite  in  the  concen- 
trate, but  usually  it  is  possible  to  get  a  product  of  higher  tenor  than  the 
crude  ore  available.  Some  operators  claim  to  be  making  concentrates 
carrying  as  high  as  50%  CrjOa. 


^Chromite.     A.  Burch  &  S.  H.  Dolbear.     Printed  by  M.  &  S.  P.,   1918. 


MANGANESE    AND   CUKOMIUM.  115 

DISTRICTS  OF   PROMISE  TO   THE   PROSPECTOR. 

The  serpentine  areas  of  the  state  have  never  been  mapped  in  detail 
and  in  many  eases  are  too  small  to  indicate  on  a  state  map  on  a  scale 
convenient  for  publication.  The  counties  north  of  San  Francisco  Bay 
and  west  of  Sacramento  Valley  probably  offer  the  best  field  for  prospec- 
tors in  search  of  chromiie.  As  noted  before,  most  of  IMendocino  and 
Lake  counties  are  covered  by  the  Franciscan  formations  of  the  Coast 
Range  province.  In  this  province  are  also  located  the  western  moun- 
tainous portions  of  Colusa,  Glenn  and  Tehama  counties  and  the  cen- 
tral part  of  Humboldt.  The  serpentine  areas  which  are  of  almost 
constant  occurrence  with  the  Franciscan  rocks  have  not  been  carefully 
prospected  because  of  the  roughness  of  the  country-  and  almost  entire 
absence  of  transportation  facilities. 

The  Klamath  province,  including  eastern  Humboldt  and  Del  Norte 
and  western  Siskiyou  and  Trinity  counties,  is  still  more  remote  from 
transportation,  and  is  not  accessible  in  winter  except  near  the  large 
•streams,  like  the  Klamath.  Because  of  these  limiting  conditions  in  the 
above  districts  a  prospect  of  ehromite  must  show  promise  of  developing 
considerable  ore  in  order  to  justify  the  expense  of  opening  it  and  getting 
ore  to  market.  In  this  respect,  the  small  producers  in  the  Mother  Lode 
counties  have  a  distinct  advantage,  as  they  are  usually  within  a  short 
distance  of  the  railroad  and  can  market  part  carloads  if  necessary. 


MINES. 

ALAMEDA  COUNTY. 

Chromite  occurs  in  the  serpentine  areas  which  are  common  to  the 
Franciscan  group  in  the  southeastern  portion  of  the  county.  (See 
Plate  II,  ante,  under  Manganese.)  Tlie  only  important  deposits  known 
are  those  which  occur  on  Cedar  JNIouutain  and  which  were  first  mined 
years  ago.  It  is  reported  that  over  3000  tons  were  mined  from  this 
locality,  most  of  which  was  produced  from  the  Newman  property  de- 
scribed below. 

Clark  Claim,  Vernon  Clark,  Livermore,  owner.  This  is  on  Sec.  26, 
T.  4  S.,  R.  3  E.,  M.  D.  M.,  just  east  of  the  Newman  ^line.  It  is  worked 
through  an  incline  shaft,  and  some  chrome  ore  was  shipped  in  1916 

I  by  the  Noble  Electric  Steel  Company  under  a  lease. 

Nev^^man  Mine,  formerly  known  as  the  Mendenhall  Mine,  lies  about 
15  miles  by  road  southeast  of  Livermore  in  See.  26,  T.  4  S.,  R.  3  E. 
l!  E.  C.  Harder*  in  his  description  of  this  property  writes  as  follows: 
"The  ore  occurs  in  irregular  lenticular  pockets  and  stringers  in  more 
or  less  decomposed  serpentine.  Where  the  serpentine  is  much  decom- 
posed it  is  soft  and  broken  and  has  a  brown  stain.   The  chrome  ore  that 

I I  occurs  in  this  rock  is  generally  soft  and  friable  and  of  a  dull  grayisli- 


*U.  S.  G.  S.  Bull.  430,  pp.  17.3-174. 


116  CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 

black  color,  but  that  in  the  fresh  serpentine  is  glossy  black  in  color 
and  contains  very  little  intermixed  serpentine.  Some  masses  of  fairly 
compact  ore  are  found  within  pockets  of  soft  ore,  as  if  they  were  not  yet 
thoroughly  disintegrated. ' ' 

Development  consists  of  several  open  cuts  and  tunnels.  The  larger 
lenses  or  pockets  appear  to  have  been  exhausted,  and  the  little  ore 
remaining  in  sight  on  the  working  is  of  low  grade.  Considerable  work 
was  done  here  by  the  Noble  Electric  Steel  Company  during  1916.  Theyl 
mined  and  shipped  several  hundred  tons  to  their  smelters  at  Heroult. 
In  October,  1917,  it  was  under  lease  to  J.  W.  Clark  and  D.  McDonald,j 
Livermore,  and  shipments  of  ore  resumed.  S.  V.  Newman  of  Livermore 
is  the  owner. 

Bibl.:  Cal.  State  Min.  Bur.  Reports  XII,  p.  36,  XIII,  p.  48;  Bull| 
38,  p.  267.     U.S.G.S.  Bull.  430,  pp.  173-174. 

AMADOR  COUNTY. 

The  Carr  and  Mefford  properties  lie  in  Sec.  34,  T.  6  N.,  R.  10  E., 
M.  D.  M.,  two  miles  south  of  the  Amador  Central  Railroad  near  lone. 
They  include  80  acres  on  which  chrome  ore  occurs  as  lenses  and  chim- 
neys in  serpentine. 

The  ore  bodies  have  been  developed  by  open  cuts  and  shallow  shafts. 
No.  1  workings  are  on  the  Mefford  property  in  the  W.  ^  of  the  S.W.  |  of 
Sec.  34,  at  an  elevation  of  900'.     These  followed  an  orebody  whic 
struck  north-south  and  dipped  75°  west.    A  cross-cut  struck  chrome  a' 
10"  below  the  surface  and  the  ore  body  was  worked  southward  by  ope: 
cut  for  40'  and  tunneled  for  an  additional  10'.    Near  the  center  of  the® 
workings  a  20'  incline  followed  an  orebody  which  was  4'  wide  at  iti 
center.    It  is  reported  that  65  tons  of  35%  ore  were  shipped  from  hen 
during  the  year  1916.     Below  these  workings  at  an  elevation  of  85 
about  15  tons  of  ore  were  taken  from  an  open  cut  20'  long,  4'  deep,  an 
6'  wide  in  the  center. 

No.  2  workings,  at  an  elevation  of  850',  lie  south  of  No.  1  working 

Chimneys  of  ore  were  worked  to  a  depth  of  20',  and  yielded  48  tons  i: 
1916. 

No.  3  workings,  at  an  elevation  of  830',  lie  north  of  No.  1  and  consii 
of  a  cross-cut  tunnel  which  struck  the  orebody  at  20'  and  followed 
for  another  20',  at  which  point  an  8'  raise  was  run  to  the  surface, 
body  of  ore  just  being  opened  up  measured  2'  wide  and  8'  long,  and  ha 
a  strike  N.  20°  W.  and  pitch  65°  E.    Approximately  25  tons  of  ore  f< 
shipment  were  in  a  pile  on  May  26,  1917. 

On  the  Carl  Froelich  property,  about  800'  southwest  of  No.  2  work- 
ings, a  70'  incline  shaft  was  sunk  by  Bauers,  Case  and  Swanson  in  1916. 
The  orebody  narrowed,  and  when  visited  was  covered  by  waste.    On  the 


J 


MANGANESE    AND    CHROMIUM.  117 

ridge  east  of  this  shaft,  at  an  elevation  of  920',  a  16'  incline  took  the 
heart  out  of  another  ore  body  which  appeared  to  continue  northward 
along  a  4"  leader  of  chrome.  On  the  east  side  of  the  ridge  at  an  eleva- 
vation  of  730'  another  lens  of  chrome  struck  N.  15°  W.  and  dipped  S.W. 
into  the  hill.  Approximately  2'  of  ore  is  said  to  have  been  left  in  the 
bottom,  and  it  seems  probable  that  more  ore  could  be  taken  from  the 
north  end  of  the  pit. 

Approximately  365  tons  of  ore  Avere  shipped  from  these  properties 
in  1916. 

Owned  by  J.  E.  Mefford,  i\Ir.  Mooney  and  Carl  Froelich,  and  operated 
by  E.  H.  Carr  and  J.  E.  Mefford  of  lone. 

The  Courtwrig-ht  property  adjoins  that  of  Carl  Froelich  on  the 
south.  It  lies  in  Sec.  2,  T.  5  N.,  R.  10  E.,  M.  D.  M.,  at  an  elevatioa 
of  875'. 

The  lower  workings  consist  of  a  14'  incline  shaft  on  an  orebody 
that  was  20'  long  and  6'  wide.  The  lens  of  chrome  struck  north-south 
and  pitched  65°  E.  About  10"  of  ore,  now  covered  by  4'  of  Avaste  rock, 
is  said  to  have  shown  in  the  bottom  when  work  was  abandoned.  Approx- 
imately 500'  south  of  these  workings  an  open  cut  Avas  made  8'  Avide  and 
30'  long.  Ore  is  said  to  have  persisted  in  the  bottom  of  the  east  end 
of  this  cut,  but  Avork  AA^as  abandoned.  Another  open  cut,  at  an  elevation 
of  875'  about  40'  southeast  of  the  last,  folloAved  a  stringer  striking 
N.  35°  W.  and  pitching  65°  E.  These  A^'orkings  are  6'  Avide,  8'  deep 
and  16'  long,  and  expose  a  4"  stringer  of  chrome  in  the  hangAvall. 

Approximately  60  tons  of  ore  assaying  40%  CroOg  and  4%  SiO,  were 
shipped  in  1916. 

The  Detert  ranch  is  located  on  the  south  side  of  Cosumnes  River  in 
Sec.  6,  T.  7  N.,  R.  10  E.,  about  eight  miles  northeast  of  Carbondale. 
Lenses  of  chrome  ore  occur  in  serpentine  on  a  hill  northAvest  of  the 
ranch  house. 

Ore  mined  on  this  property  about  22  years  ago  was  left  in  the  dump 
until  recently,  Avhen  80  tons  Avere  shipped  by  way  of  Carbondale.  More 
ore  could  probably  be  obtained  by  deeper  work. 

OAvned  by  W.  F.  Detert,  995  Market  St.,  San  Francisco. 

Dooley  property.  About  10  tons  of  38%  ore  has  been  mined  on  the 
property  of  E.  A.  Dooley  still  farther  north  along  the  same  serpentine 
belt,  as  the  Wait  property. 

The  Wait  property  consists  of  160  acres  in  the  NW.  ^  of  Sec.  29, 
T.  7  N.,  R.  10  E.,  M.  D.  M.  It  lies  five  miles  soutliAvest  of  Plymouth  near 
Willow  Creek. 

Three  parallel  lenses  of  chrome  ore,  offset  one  from  another,  in  serpen- 
tine AA'cre  mined  by  an  open  cut  20'  deep  and  60'  long.    The  ore  is  said  to 


118  CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 

have  averaged  38.7%  CroOg.  Float  chrome  has  been  found  at  intervals 
for  one  mile  southward.  Two  40-ton  ears  of  ore  were  shipped  in  1916. 
Owned  by  A.  L.  Wait  of  Plj^mouth.  Mr.  Wait  mined  about  5  tons  of 
26%  ore  on  the  Matthews  property  adjoining  him  on  the  north.  This 
ore  was  along  a  contact  of  serpentine  and  pink  marble. 

BUTTE   COUNTY.' 

Agard  and  Stewart  of  268  Market  Street,  San  Francisco,  hold  a 
lease  on  railroad  land  in  the  E.  i  of  Sec.  36,  T.  23  N.,  R.  4  E.,  M.  D.  M. 
The  property  lies  at  an  elevation  of  2500',  more  or  less,  about  one  mile 
southwest  of  Pulga,  or  Big  Bar,  on  the  Western  Pacific  Railroad. 

A  body  of  45-50%  chrome  ore,  striking  N.  15°  W.,  was  being  worked 
about  one-half  mile  west  of  the  camp,  near  the  road  to  Big  Bar.  The 
lens  was  5'  wide  in  the  center  and  20'  long,  and  had  been  worked  to  a| 
depth  of  18'.  Ore  in  the  bottom  of  the  workings  was  exposed  30"  widej 
and  10'  long  and  appeared  to  be  widening.  In  the  south  end  of  thej 
orebody,  down  to  a  depth  of  10'  about  2  tons  of  a  28%  granular  chrome' 
ore  was  mined  but  not  shipped. 

Work  was  being  carried  on  by  two  men  who  carried  the  ore  in  powder 
boxes  from  the  pit  to  a  platform,  from  which  it  was  hauled  by  team  to  a 
second  platform.  The  ore  was  hauled  to  Oroville  for  $8.00  per  ton  by 
two  Ford  auto  trucks,  which  carried  about  2700  pounds  each.  About  18 
tons  of  45-50%  ore  was  corded  on  the  platforms  ready  for  shipment. 

About  one-half  mile  N.  30°  W.  from  the  last  workings  about  80 
tons  of  a  lower  grade  ore,  carrying  considerable  serpentine,  has  been 
mined.  It  lies  on  the  south  slope  near  the  summit  of  the  mountain,  and 
a  road  must  be  built  before  it  can  be  hauled. 

Another  deposit  of  high  grade  ore,  said  to  be  mined  out,  was  located 
about  Ij  miles  east  of  the  camp  and  hauled  to  Big  Bar. 

One  car  of  ore  had  been  mined  and  shipped  from  Oroville  up  to  the 
middle  of  July,  1917. 

The  Hendricks  property  lies  at  an  elevation  of  1600'  one  mile  east  of 
Yankee  Hill  in  Sec.  34,  T.  22  N.,  R.  4  E.,  M.  D.  M.  The  property  is 
owned  by  Charles  and  William  Hendricks  of  Magalia,  and  leased  by 
Mr.  Cashom  and  F.  A.  Alexander  of  San  Francisco. 

A  lenticular  body  of  chrome  ore  in  serpentine  struck  N.  45  W.  and 
dipped  80°  NE.  It  was  worked  by  an  open  cut  100'  long,  5'  wide  and 
20'  deep,  and  by  a  winze  14'  below  the  tloor  of  the  open  cut  near  the 
center  of  the  workings.  The  ore  body  appeared  to  have  been  5'  wide 
in  the  center,  tapering  both  ways  for  40'  in  length.  In  the  deepest  part 
of  the  open  cut  30'  below  the  surface,  the  ore  pinched. 


'Since  the  preparation  of  this  report,  twcj  new  concentrating  plants  iiave  been 
projected.  These  will  be  built  by  A.  A.  Davis  of  OroviUe,  and  John  D.  Hubbard  of 
832  Mills  Bldg-..  San  Francisco.  Hubbard's  mill  will  be  erected  on  the  Lucky  John 
Mine,    at   Paradise. 


I 


MANGANESE   AND    CHROMIUM.  .  119 

I 

The  ore  was  granular  and  had  considerable  serpentine  frozen  to  it. 
i  About  50  tons  of  35-38%  ore  was  corded,  ready  for  shipment.  Hauling 
to  Oroville  would  cost  $8.00  per  ton. 

Mr.  Cashom  was  said  to  have  mined  out  some  ore  on  the  J.  G.  Curtis 
J  property  in  Sec.  7,  T.  21  N.,  R.  -i  E.,  M.  D.  M.,  near  the  Pacific  Gas  and 
j  Electric  Company's  power  house.  About  100  tons  were  rained  in  1916 
I  and  28  tons  in  1917. 

Mr.  Wm.  Hendricks  was  said  to  have  about  30  tons  of  38%  ore  mined 
in  Sec.  6,  T.  21  N.,  R.  4  E.,  M.  D.  M.  A  road  was  to  be  built  in  order 
to  haul  the  ore. 

The  Lambert  property  lies  at  an  elevation  of  1270'  in  Sec.  34, 
T.  23  N.,  R.  3  E.,  M.  D.  M.,  about  5  miles  southwest  of  Magalia.  The 
location  made  by  Nat  Lambert,  was  leased  by  the  Union  Chrome  Com- 
pany of  San  Francisco. 

The  northernmost  workings  are  on  the  east  side  of  Middle  Butte 
Creek.  A  body  of  ore  striking  north-south  had  been  mined,  leaving  a 
pit  6'  wide,  10'  long  and  15'  deep.  The  walls  of  the  pit  were  partly 
caved  because  of  the  fractured  nature  of  the  serpentine  walls  which 
were  insufficiently  timbered.  This  pit  Avas  to  be  cleaned  out  Avith  the 
hope  of  opening  up  more  ore. 

On  the  west  side  of  the  creek  about  50'  south  of  the  aforementioned 
workings  an  ore  body  striking  N.  30°  W.  has  been  opened  up.  The 
main  ore  body  was  16'  long,  8'  wide  in  the  center,  and  had  been  worked 
to  a  depth  of  12'. 

Equipment  consisted  of  an  8  h.p.  Corliss  gas  engine  directly  connected 
with  a  hoist  at  the  head  of  a  1120'  tram  with  ^"  steel  cable.  The  tram 
car  will  make  22  trips  a  day,  carrying  1500  lbs.  to  the  car. 

The  cost  of  hauling  the  ore  from  the  head  of  the  tram  to  Magalia,  a 
distance  of  4.7  miles,  was  $4.00  per  ton. 

Approximately  100  tons  of  45%  ore  were  corded  at  the  head  of  the 
tram,  and  probably  there  was  about  as  much  more  ore  in  sight  at  the 
mine  on  July  16,  1917.  About  189  tons  of  ore  were  shipped  from 
Magalia  in  May,  1917. 

The  Lucky  Strike  proj^erty  lies  one  mile  north  of  Woodleaf. 
Chrome  was  located  on  the  properties  of  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad 
and  the  Butte  Pine  and  Hardwood  Lumber  Company  by  Chas.  Falk  of 
Woodleaf. 

Brendt  No.  1  claim  is  located  ]  mile  below  the  old  Townshend  mill  on 
the  lumber  company 's  property.  About  300  tons  of  ore  are  said  to  have 
been  taken  from  a  lens  8'  wide  in  the  center  by  50'  long,  and  varying 
in  depth  up  to  12'.  These  workings  are  now  caved  and  filled.  The  ore 
struck  N.  45°  W.  and  dipped  80^  SW.  with  a  footwall  of  decomposed 


120 


CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING  BUREAU. 


serpentine  and  hanging  wall  of  serpentized  talc  schist ;  it  probably  rani 
45%  CrjOg.    The  ore  was  shipped  by  Dickey  and  Driesbach  of  Oakland.! 
The  same  operators  have  mined  about  35  tons  of  35%  chrome  ore] 
about  I  mile  west  of  the  residence  of  E.  C.  Binet,  near  Clipper  Mills. 
The  soil  at  this  deposit  was  about  6'  deep,  and  the  ore  was  taken  from| 
a  pit  8'  wide,  10'  long  and  10'  deep.     The  ore  was  granular  and  con- 
siderable leopard  chrome  was  associated  with  it.     On  July  13,  1917,  the 
ore  was  still  in  a  pile  near  the  road,  awaiting  shipment. 

Norris  and  Noyes  of  San  Francisco  were  reported  in  November,^ 
1917,  to  be  developing  chrome  deposits  east  of  Brush  Creek  in  Sec.  11, 
T.  21  N.,  R.  6  E.,  M.  D.  M.     A  car  or  two  will  probably  be  shipped  ii 
1917. 

The  Rohrer  and  McCrosky  property  consists  of  two  claims  in  tliGj 
SE.  i  of  Sec.  36,  T.  23  N.,  R.  4  E.,  M.  D.  M.     These,  the  Twin  Cedars 
claims,  lie  at  an  elevation  of  3000'  and  have  a  fair  growth  of  cedar  am 
yellow  pine. 

A  lenticular  body  of  chrome  ore  striking  north  and  south  in  serpentine 
has  been  developed  by  open  cut.     Approximately  27  tons  of  chrome| 
ore  had  been  corded  for  shipment  by  way  of  Oroville,  28  miles  distant^ 

Owned  by  G.  C.  Rohrer  and  Jess  McCrosky  of  Big  Bar. 

The  Sharrer  property  is  located  I  mile  northeast  of  Woodleaf  in 
Sec.  10,  T.  19  N.,  R.  7  E.,  M.  D.  M.,  at  an  elevation  of  3050  feet. 

Float  chrome  which  would  probably  run  30%  has  been  followed  in 
north-south  direction  for  30  feet.     No  development  work  had  been  done' 

Western  Ore  Co.  Mine  and  mill  six  miles  east  of  Paradise.  A.  E.I 
Vandercook  and  E.  H.  Nash,  First  National  Bank  Building,  OaklandJ 
ownere.  This  plant  was  being  completed  at  the  time  of  our  last  report.] 
As  then  planned,  the  ore  is  to  be  crushed  to  1^"  in  a  6"x8"  Dodge 
crusher  and  put  through  a  5-foot  Huntington  mill  with  20-mesh  screen.] 
After  classification,  sands  are  to  be  treated  on  a  No.  4  Deister  concentrs 
tor  and  slimes  on  a  Johnson  vanner.  Estimated  capacity,  30  to  50  tons! 
in  24  hours.  Power  is  to  be  furnished  by  a  20  h.p.  distillate  engine.1 
Mine  ore  said  to  assay  10%  to  35%  Crj  O3.  A  45%  concentrate  is] 
looked  for. 

The  Wakehama  tunnel  is  located  near  the  Lam])ert  property  iri 
Sec.  35,  T.  23  N.,  R.  3  E.,  J\I.  D.  M.,  about  5  miles  southwest  of  Magalia^ 
at  an  elevation  of  1485'. 

Bowlders  of  50%  chrome  ore  were  mined  from  the  old  drift  mine 
tunnel,  and  32  tons  shipped  by  the  Union  Chrome  Co.,  lessees,  in  1917, 

The  Zenith  mine  is  in  Sec.  6,  T.  19  N.,  R.  7  E.,  M.  D.  M.  about  2i ' 
miles  northeast  of  Forbestown  at  an  elevation  of  2940'. 


MANGANESE    AND    CHROMIUM,  121 

Float  chrome  lias  recently  been  taken  from  the  red  soil  and  about 
three  cars  were  shipped  by  Dickey  and  Dreisbach,  the  lessees,  in  1917. 
No  more  ore  has  been  \i\kn\  i'rom  an  open  cut,  which  was  worked  in 
1916.  It  is  reported  that  a  total  of  about  300  tons  of  ore  had  been 
shipped  from  the  property. 

Owned  by  the  California  ^langanese  Companj^  of  San  Francisco. 

CALAVERAS   COUNTY. 

The  Bumhajn  Ranch  lies  soutli  of  the  Peri  Ranch  in  T,  1  N.,  R.  13  E., 
M.  D.  M.,  southeast  of  Copperopolis  on  the  north  slope  of  the  Stanis- 
laus River.  Wm.  Burnham  and  l)ruthi  r  jire  reported  to  have  mined  10 
tons  of  chrome  ore,  but  none  has  been  shi])ped. 

The  Campbell  property  lies  near  the  Bnrnham  Ranch  southeast  of 
Copperopolis.  It  is  reported  that  30  tons  cf  chrome  ore  were  mined  in 
1916  and  shipped  by  the  Mineral  Resource  Corporation  of  America. 

The  Clary  and  Langford  lease  includes  the  chrome  deposits  on  the 
property  of  the  Nassau  Copper  Mining  Company  in  the  NAV.  ^  of  Sec. 
10,  T.  2  N.,  R.  12  E.,  M.  D.  M.  It  lies  8  mile,-*  south  of  west  from  Angels 
Camp,  the  shipping  point. 

Chrome  ore  is  being  mined  near  the  county  road  at  an  elevation  of 
1800'.  A  40'  incline  shaft  has  followed  the  ore  body,  which  strikes  N. 
30°  W.,  and  is  exposed  2'  in  width  on  both  sides  of  the  shaft.  The  ore 
shoot  has  been  mined  to  a  depth  of  27'  for  a  distance  of  30'  northwest- 
ward.   It  appeared  to  continue  southeast  for  at  least  20'. 

Two  men  were  working  with  hand  tools  and  windlass.  Three  cars 
carrying  a  total  of  120  tons  of  ore  were  shipped  to  the  American  Refrac- 
tories Company  in  May,  1917.  The  cost  of  hauling  ore  to  the  railroad 
Avas  $3.00  per  ton. 

Leased  by  Harry  Clary,  of  Angels,  and  Geo.  Langford,  of  Murphys, 

The  Davis  property  is  located  four  miles  northeast  of  Copperopolis 
in  Sec.  14,  T.  2,  N.,  R.  12  E.,  M.  D.  M.,  at  an  elevation  of  1740'. 

High  grade  chrome  ore  occurs  as  lenses  in  serpentine.  An  ore  body 
striking  N.  60°  W.,  exposed  at  the  face  of  the  workings,  was  7'  wide 
and  4'  high  with  a  2'  horse  of  serpentine ;  this  was  10'  from  the  south- 
east end  of  the  lens  which  was  being  mined.  There  appeared  to  ])e 
about  20  tons  of  ore  in  sight  at  this  lens  which  would  assay  over  40% 
Cr,  0,. 

Hauling  to  Milton,  15  miles  west,  cost  from  $5.00  to  $6.00  per  ton. 

The  Hinch  property  consists  of  five  claims  located  seven  miles  west 
of  Angels  in  the  SW.  i  of  Sec.  3,  T.  2  N.,  R.  12  E.,  M.  D.  M.,  in  the 
Harmon  Peak  district. 

Chrome  ore  occurs  as  lenses  in  serpentine  and  about  15  tons  were 
mined,  for  use  as  furnace  lining,  by  the  Calaveras  Copper  Company 


122  CALIFORNIA  STATE   MINING  BUREAU. 

about  12  years  ago.  A  considerable  tonnage  of  good  ore  has  recently 
been  mined  by  F.  W.  Dean  and  Fred  AVilson,  who  hold  a  lease  from  Mr. 
Hinch  of  Angels. 

The  Lowry  property  lies  four  miles  west  of  Fosteria  at  an  elevation 
of  1050'  in  Sec.  23  of  T.  5  N.,  R.  10  E.,  and  Sec.  30  of  T.  5  N.,  R.  11  E., 
M.  D.  M.  Mining  is  being  carried  on  by  Geo.  AVard,  who  pays  royalty 
to  Geo.  C.  Lowry,  the  owner. 

Development  work  consists  of  a  16'  incline  shaft,  with  windlass,  on 
an  ore  body  striking  east-west  and  pitching  N.  75°  in  serpentine. 
About  25  tons  of  42%  ore  had  been  sledded  to  the  top  of  the  hill,  while 
about  20  tons  were  in  sight  unmined.  One  quarter  mile  southeast  of 
the  shaft,  at  an  elevation  of  990',  is  an  open  cut  5'  deep  and  40'  long  on 
an  ore  body  striking  N.  20°  W.  and  pitching  75°  E.  in  serpentine. 
About  15  tons  of  40%  ore  had  been  mined  and  was  on  the  dump. 

Approximately  ^  mile  southeast  of  the  Lowry  ranch  house,  at  an  ele- 
vation of  1230',  about  4  tons  of  ore  had  been  taken  from  an  open  cut 
3'  deep  and  8'  long.  The  ore  struck  east-west  in  serpentinized  amphi- 
bolite. 

Hauling  to  the  railroad  at  Valley  Springs  costs  $3.00  per  ton. 

The  Maxwell  ranch  located  near  the  Vogelgesang  ranch,  southeast 
of  Valley  Springs,  is  reported  to  have  considerable  low  grade  chrome 
ore  in  sight. 

The  McFaul  property  lies  southeast  of  Copperopolis.  A  30'  shaft 
developed  a  good  grade  of  chrome  ore.  It  is  reported  that  one  car 
shipped  in  1916  carried  49.4%  Cr^Oa  and  6.5%  SiO,,  while  another  car 
shipped  in  May,  1917,  carried  47%  CroOs- 

Owned  by  J.  McFaul  of  Angels. 

The  Peri  property  is  in  the  SE.  i  of  Sec.  6,  T.  1  N.,  R.  13  E., 
M.  D.  M.,  at  an  elevation  of  1300',  4  miles  southeast  of  Copperopolis.  It 
is  leased  from  Frank  Peri,  of  Copperopolis,  by  Frank  Towers,  Frank 
Reddick  and  Wm.  Dixon. 

Lenticular  bodies  of  chrome  ore  strike  east-west  with  footwall  of  ser- 
pentine and  hanging  wall  of  schist  and  raetamorphic  sandstone. 

The  main  workings  consisted  of  an  open  cut  14'  deep  and  30'  long,  in 
the  west  face  of  which  ore  was  exposed  2'  wide  and  4'  high.  About  40' 
east  of  this  cut  a  20'  shaft  had  been  sunk  with  windlass.  This  incline 
followed  a  lower  grade  ore  body  which  pitched  N.  80°  and  was  exposed 
2'  wide  along  the  lower  5'  of  the  east  side.  About  40  tons  of  30%  ore 
were  on  the  dump  and  it  was  said  that  48  tons  of  ore  had  been  shipped 
in  1916.  Open  cuts  on  top  of  the  hill  had  yielded  20  tons  of  ore  and 
only  small  seams  were  left  exposed. 


MANGANESE   AND    CHROMIUM.  123 

The  True  Blue  chrome  mme  lies  10  miles  northeast  of  Angels  Camp 
at  an  elevation  of  2090'.  It  is  owned  by  Mrs.  S.  E.  Madrid  of  Angels 
Camp. 

A  lenticular  body  of  chrome  ore  striking  due  east  and  west  had  been 
open  cut  50'  long  and  12'  wide  in  the  center.  Preparations  were  being 
made  to  run  a  crosscut  tunnel  for  working  the  deposit  at  greater  depth. 
It  is  reported  that  600  tons  of  30%  ore  were  shipped  from  Angels  Camp 
in  August,  1916.  Approximately  100  tons  were  ready  for  shipment 
with  at  least  125  tons  of  ore  in  sight  unmined. 

The  Vogelgesang  ranch  chrome  deposits  are  about  five  miles  south- 
east of  Valley  Springs  and  one  mile  south  of  the  Calaveras  River.  They 
are  owned  by  G.  D.  Vogelgesang  and  Bros,  of  Valley  Springs. 

A  series  of  lenses  of  chrome  ore  occur  along  a  N.  45°  W.  direction  for 
over  600'.  The  largest  lens  was  reported  to  be  10'  in  width  and  40'  or 
more  in  length.  The  lenses  pitch  nearly  vertical  and  lie  in  serpentine 
approximately  parallel  and  25'  from  its  contact  with  amphibolite  schist. 

The  ore  is  of  good  quality  and  some  was  used  in  the  past  for  furnace 
lining  at  the  Campo  Seco  smelter.  It  is  reported  that  150  tons  of  ore 
were  shipped  in  1916  and  that  the  deposit  was  apparently  worked  out. 
Probabl}^  more  ore  could  be  obtained  by  deeper  work. 

The  Walker  lease  includes  chrome  producing  properties  in  Sec.  15 
of  T.  2  X.,  2  12  E,.  :\r.  D.  :\I.,  14  miles  east  of  Milton  Station,  at  an  ele- 
vation of  1750'.  Scattered  open  cuts  were  being  worked  about  1  mile 
east  of  the  road  from  Angels  to  Copperopolis  and  approximately  1^ 
miles  south  of  the  branch  road  to  Milton. 

A  14"  lens  striking  N.  45°  E.  and  dipping  85°  N.AV.  had  been  open 
cut  10'  in  depth  and  25'  in  length,  and  there  were  10  tons  of  ore  piled 
for  shipment.  Another  lens  500'  west  from  the  first  was  worked  by 
open  cut  6'  deep  and  40'  long  and  had  produced  20  tons  of  ore;  this 
lens  struck  N.  45°  E.  and  was  50'  higher  than  the  first.  Three  other 
small  open  cuts  had  been  made,  from  each  of  which  10  tons  of  ore  had 
been  mined.  An  average  assay  of  the  ore  was  39.7%  Cr^Oy  and  9.1% 
SiO,. 

Hauling  to  Milton  cost  $5.00  per  ton,  and  it  was  said  that  the  ore  was 
going  to  be  shipped  to  the  Union  Chrome  Co. 

F.  G.  AValker,  of  Angels,  superintendent. 

COLUSA  COUNTY. 

Chrome  Wonder  Claim.  Sam  Sites,  Stonyford.  owner.  On  this 
claim  near  Stonyford,  a  shaft  has  been  sunk,  and  about  4  tons  of 
chrome  ore  are  reported  on  the  dinnp. 

F.  C.  Innes,  Wilbur  Springs,  has  been  working  on  the  development 
of  a  chrome  prospect  near  Wilbur  Springs,  since  September,  1917. 


124  CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU, 

Liberty  Chrome  Mine,  Wesley  Bradley,  Stonyford,  owner.  Pros- 
pect. 

The  Princess  Chrome  Mine  consists  of  2  claims  on  government  land 
1^  miles  northwest  of  Cook  Springs  in  T.  16  N.,  R.  6  W.,  M.  D.  M. 
Development  work  consists  of  an  open  cut  18'  long  and  10'  deep  from 
which  a  small  amount  of  ore  carrying  over  45%  Cr^Og  has  so  far  been 
mined.  An  ore  body  2'  wide  and  4'  long  is  said  to  be  exposed  in  ser- 
pentine. Owned  by  Jno.  J.  Sweeney,  1625  Haight  St.,  San  Francisco, 
or  Stonyford,  Colusa  County. 

Stella  Chrome  Mine,  Elmer  &  George  Evans,  Sites,  owners.  They 
report  a  body  of  ore  carrying  20%-40%  Cr„Oo. 

Teathers  Chrome  prospects.  Cy  Teathers,  Stonyford,  owner. 
Several  chromite  prospects  are  stated  to  have  beeen  uncovered  on  this 
foothill  ranch  near  Stonyford. 

DEL  NORTE  COUNTY. 
Geology  of  Chromite  Deposits. 

A  broad  belt  of  serpentine,  serpentinized  peridotite,  and  associated 
rocks,  with  numerous  tongues  of  diorite,  extends  northerly  through  the 
county  at  an  average  distance  of  eight  to  ten  miles  from  the  coast, 
increasing  in  size  from  the  south  till  it  has  a  width  of  over  two  town- 
ships where  it  crosses  the  state  line  into  Oregon.  Farther  east,  along 
the  Siskiyou-Del  Norte  counties  line,  is  another  belt  of  serpentine 
which  extends  northward  through  the  watershed  of  the  west  branch  of 
Illinois  River  and  eastward  toward  the  Klamath.  Within  these  ser- 
pentine areas  are  found  the  producing  chromite  properties  and  the 
promising  prospects  of  the  county.  There  is  still  a  large  area  of  ser- 
pentine in  these  belts  which  has  been  unexplored  by  the  prospector. 
The  chrome  ore  occurs  as  lenses,  some  of  which  appear  to  be  very  exten- 
sive, with  well-defined  walls ;  and  is  the  massive  black  chromite.  Its 
content  of  chromic  oxide  varies  from  40%to  50%,  the  ferrous  oxide 
content  varying  up  to  50%.  The  ore  is  deceiving  in  appearance,  due 
to  magnetite  associated  with  it,  so  that  it  is  impossible  to  approximate 
its  chromic  oxide  content  bj'  mere  observation.  This  black  ore  con- 
tains very  little  silica. 

The  ore  bodies  on  the  Tyson  properties  both  at  French  Hill  and  near 
Low  Divide,  are  notable  because  they  are  contact  deposits,  lying 
between  well-defined  walls  of  serpentine  and  diorite.  These  deposits 
have  been  large  producers  during  the  past  summer.  The  deposits  Avere 
first  mined  in  the  early  eighties,  but  only  a  few  thousand  tons  were 
produced.  This  was  all  shipped  to  Baltimore  where  the  chrome  indus- 
try of  the  United  States  was  started.  The  difficulty  with  these 
deposits  is  their  inaccessibility  and  for  that  reason  they  have  lain  idle 


MANGANESE   AND    CHROMIUM.  125 

until  the  present  demand  fur  eliromito  as  a  war  supply,  for  refractor- 
ies, in  the  manufacture  of  armament,  high  speed  tools,  etc.,  increased 
its  value. 

Transportation. 

The  coast  highAvaj^  from  Eureka  passes  through  Crescent  City  and 
thence  up  the  coast  to  Brookings,  Oregon.  Auto  stages  operate  daily 
from  Eureka  to  Crescent  City,  ninety-nine  miles,  carrying  passengers 
and  mail  and  requiring  eight  to  nine  hours  for  the  trip.  A  daily  auto 
stage  also  carries  mail  and  passengers  from  Crescent  City  to  Grants 
Pass,  Oregon,  via  South  Fork,  Gasquet  and  Patrick  Creek,  a  distance 
of  ninety-five  miles.  A  tri-weekly  route  operates  from  Crescent  City 
to  Brookings,  Oregon.  Freight  service  is  furnished  by  small  coast- 
wise steamers  which  have  no  regular  schedule.  The  -two  chief  chromite 
properties  have  roads  for  hauling,  but  any  production  from  new  pros- 
pects would  have  to  be  packed  out  over  the  different  forest  trails  unless 
sufficient  tonnage  were  developed  to  warrant  new  road  construction 
of  an  expensive  nature.  Even  in  the  case  of  those  properties  in  the 
vicinity  of  French  Hill,  there  is  apt  to  be  difficulty  in  delivering  ore 
to  the  steamer  at  Crescent  City  in  the  rainy  season  (November  to 
June)  as  there  is  a  stretch  of  road  between  South  Fork  and  the  coast 
which  became  impassable  for  auto  trucks  with  the  fii-st  rain  this  fall 
(1917),  and  will  probably  remain  so  till  summer  unless  given  consid- 
erable attention.  Arriving  at  the  coast,  another  source  of  difficulty  is 
found  in  the  fact  that  the  water  at  Crescent  City  is  deep  enough  only 
for  the  smallest  steamers,  which  are  operated  for  the  lumber  trade  and 
accommodate  ore  shippers  only  when  space  happens  to  be  available. 

Copper  Creek  Mine,  also  known  as  the  Low  Divide  Mine,  is  situated 
iu  the  Low  Divide  Mining  District,  in  Section  35,  T.  18  N.,  R.  1  E., 
about  15  miles  northeast  of  Crescent  City,  the  shipping  point.  -This 
property  owned  by  the  Tyson  Estate  of  Baltimore,  consists  of  four 
claims.  Mountain  View  Nos.  1,  2,  3,  and  Copper  Creek,  the  latter  being 
situated  on  Copper  Creek  about  800  feet  in  elevation  below  the  other 
claims.  Most  of  the  ore  shipped  by  the  Tyson  Mining  Company  was 
from  the  Mountain  View  Group,  on  summit  of  the  ridge ;  but  very  little 
ore  is  exposed  in  those  old  workings.  The  deposit  now  being  mined 
is  on  the  Copper  Creek  Claim.  A  road  was  only  recently  constructed  1^ 
miles,  with  an  average  12%  grade,  up  the  ridge  to  connect  with  the 
Low  Divide  road  to  Crescent  City.  Here  a  large  open  cut  had  been 
made  by  the  old  company,  and  700  tons  of  ore  which  is  reported  to 
average  44.6%  chromic  oxide  and  3.2%  silica,  is  piled  on  the  dump. 
It  was  never  hauled  out,  due  to  the  decline  in  the  price  of  chrome 
shortly  after  it  was  mined. 


126 


CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 


The  ore  body,  which  lies  along  a  contact  of  diorite  and  serpentine,  is 
exposed  for  a  distance  of  60  feet  along  its  strilce,  north  and  south,  vary- 
ing in  width  from  6  to  10  feet.  It  dips  eastward  about  60  ^  Twenty- 
two  feet  below  the  floor  of  the  open  cut,  a  crosscut  tunnel  has  been 
driven  by  the  present  operators.  At  30  ft.  it  cuts  the  ore  body,  show- 
ing a  width  here  of  16  ft.  Thus  it  may  safelj'-  be  assumed  that  the  ore 
body  is  continuous  throughout  this  depth,  and  if  this  is  so,  there  are 
at  least  1000  tons  in  this  deposit  and  probably  a  great  deal  more.  4 


Photo    No.    20.       Copper    Creek    Chrome    Mine    (old    Tyson    Mine),    Low    Divide    District,    Del 
Norte  County,  showing  700  tons  of  ore  on  dump,  averaging  4  5%   CroOa. 

The  mine  is  being  operated  under  a  sub-lease  from  the  American 
Exploration  Company  of  Portland  by  R.  D.  Adams  and  C.  S.  Maltby, 
Humboldt  Bank  Bldg.,  San  Francisco,  who  expect  to  ship  at  least  50 
tons  daily  during  the  season  from  this  one  deposit.  Nine  5-ton  auto 
trucks  are  hauling  the  chrome  ore  from  this  and  the  French  Hill  mine. 
When  visited  the  first  truck-load  of  ore  from  the  old  dump  had  just 
been  hauled  out,  and  only  a  few  men  Avere  working  at  the  mine. 
Twenty  men  were  working  on  the  old  road  to  get  it  into  shape  for  the 
auto  trucks.  Trucking  charge  to  Crescent  City  is  $4.00  per  ton. 
Freight  rate  from  Crescent  City  to  Eureka,  $3.50  per  ton,  with  a 


i 


MANGANESE   AND    CllKOMlUM. 


127 


I 


wharfage  charge  at  Crescent  City  of  $1.00.  Added  to  this  the  cost  of 
transporting  the  ore  to  the  Eastern  markets,  it  can  readily  be  seen  that 
only  under  tlie  present  war  prices  can  these  properties  be  profitably 
exploited. 

Bib!.:  Cal.  State  Min.  Bur.,  Keports  X,  p.  1(37,  Xll,  p.  36,  Xlil, 
p.  48,  XIV,  p.  380 ;  Bull.  38,  p.  268. 


Photo  No.  21.       Tunnel  at  Copper  Creek  Chrome  Mine,  Del  Norte  County,  20'  below  open  cut. 

French  Hill  Chrome  Mine.  It  is  in  Sections  5  and  6,  T.  16  N., 
R.  2  E.,  about  6  miles  in  an  air  line  south  of  the  Low  Divide  mine,  and 
18  miles  by  road  east  of  Crescent  City.  The  mine  lies  on  the  north 
slope  of  French  Hill,  about  300  ft.  below  the  summit,  at  an  elevation 
of  1750  ft.  above  sea  level.  An  old  wagon  road  3  miles  in  length  gives 
access  to  the  property  from  the  Crescent  City-Grants  Pass  road.  The 
old  road  is  in  fairly  good  condition  and  very  little  work  is  necessary  to 
prepare  it  for  the  auto  trucks. 

The  occurrence  here  is  very  similar  to  that  of  the  Low  Divide  mine, 
but  the  ore  is  said  to  carry  a  higher  percentage  of  chromic  oxide, 
averaging  over  50%.  In  appearance  it  is  the  same  heavy  black,  finely 
crystalline  chromite.  Development  consists  of  an  open  cut  30  feet  long, 
exposing  an  ore  body  throughout  its  length  that  averages  6  ft.  in  width. 


12.8 


CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 


On  the  dump  at  this  cut  are  225  tons  of  ore,  which  was  mined  over  30 
years  ago  by  the  Tyson  Mining  Company.  Forty  feet  south  of  the  cut 
a  tunnel  recently  driven  cuts  the  deposit  at  20  ft.,  showing  6  ft.  of  ore. 
Fifty  feet  below  the  cut,  a  kidney,  or  lens,  was  also  mined  by  the  old 
company,  yielding  150  tons  of  high  grade  ore  before  being  exhausted. 
This  ore  was  never  hauled  out,  so  that  there  were  nearly  400  tons  of 


Photo  No.  22.       Open  cut  at  Tyson   Chrome  Mine  on   French   Hill,   Del   Norte   County, 

showing   orebody   6'   wide. 

ore  on  the  various  dumps  when  the  mine  was  taken  over  in  1917  by 
the  present  operators.  It  was  expected  to  start  operations  in  July  and 
a  force  of  men  were  repairing  the  old  road  so  that  the  ore  could  be 
hauled  out  to  Crescent  City.  R.  D.  Adams  and  C.  S.  Maltby,  Hum- 
boldt Bank  Bldg.,  San  Francisco,  are  also  operating  this  property 
under  a  lease.  It  is  owned  by  the  Tyson  Estate,  for  which  W.  H. 
Pleasants  of  Baltimore  is  agent. 

Bibl. :  Cal.  State  Min.  Bur.,  Reports  X,  p.  167,  XII,  p.  36,  XIII, 
p.  48,  XIV,  p.  380 ;  Bull.  38,  p.  268. 


MANGANESE   AND   CHROMIUM. 


129 


Photo  No.  23.      Dump  containing  150  tons  of  chromite  at  Tyson   Mine,   French  Hill, 

Del   Norte   County. 

Owl  Claim.  This  property  located  during  the  past  few  months, 
lies  along  the  summit  of  French  Hill,  adjoining  the  French  Hill  Chrome 
Mine  on  the  north.  The  road  to  the  latter  traverses  the  claim.  Several 
small  lenses  of  chromite  have  been  uncovered.  They  appear  to  lie  on 
the  strike  of  the  French  Hill  Mine  deposit,  and  may  be  a  continuation 
of  it.  Sufficient  work  has  not  been  done,  however,  to  confirm  this 
opinion.  Development  work  consists  of  a  few  small  open  cuts,  and  one 
shaft  or  pit.  The  shaft  was  down  10  ft.  exposing  an  ore  body  7  ft.  in 
width.  This  was  the  most  promising  exposure  seen  on  the  claim.  Three 
men  are  employed  in  the  development  work.  Very  little  ore  is  in  sight, 
and  none  has  as  yet  been  shipped.  The  owners  are  W.  L.  Childers, 
A.  Denning,  Silas  White,  et  al.,  of  Crescent  City. 

Chromite  also  occurs  on  Gordon  Mountain,  10  miles  east  of  French 
Hill,  and  in  the  Rattlesnake  Mountains.  Claims  have  been  taken  up  at 
both  of  these  localities,  but  as  they  are  extremely  inaccessible,  there  is 
little  likelihood  of  their  being  developed  until  there  are  better  transpor- 
tation facilities. 

Between  French  Hill  and  Upper  Coon  Mountain  on  the  east,  and 
thence  to  Madrona  on  the  south,  some  fifteen  new  chromite  locations 


9—38958 


130  CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 

had  been  made  during  the  summer  of  1917.     All  these  claims  lie  near 
the  French  Hill  Cut-off  and  Gordon  Mountain  Trails. 

In  September,  1917,  development  work  had  been  done  only  on  the 
claims  of  W.  W.  Young",  where  a  few  men  w^ere  reported  to  be 
prospecting;  probably  no  shipments  could  be  made  this  season.  The 
properties  lie  at  elevations  between  2500  and  4000  feet,  three  to  eighteen 
miles  by  trail  from  the  end  of  the  French  Hill  road  at  Darnell's  mine. 
A  quantity  of  ore  of  a  fair  grade  is  reported  from  Young's  claims  but 
many  of  the  locations  were  made  on  small  surface  indications  which 
afforded  no  basis  for  estimating  tonnages.  fe 

In  September,  George  Barton  and  others  of  Grants  Pass,  Oregon,  were' 
taking  bonds  on  several  claims,  and  were  considering  the  possibility  of 
packing   out   ore   with   mules.     The   locators   are   Mr.   A.   "W.   Lewis, 
Geo.  Rogers,  Jack  Darnell,  Mrs.  P.  Peacock,  Lula  Hitter,  Melvin  Leah, 
M.  Jake,  L.  L.  Lewis,  W.  W.  Young  and  II.  H.  IMorrell. 

The  Friday  chrome  prospect,  located  by  John  Hester  and  H.  H. 
Morrell  of  Crescent  City,  lies  on  the  High  Plateau  in  Sees.  21  and  28, 
T.  18  N.,  R.  2  E.  An  outcrop  of  chromite,  six  by  six  feet,  was  found, 
but  no  work  had  been  attempted  in  September,  1917.  t 

The  High  Plateau  has  an  elevation  of  between  2500  and  3500  feet," 
and  pitches  sharply  on  the  west  into  the  North  Fork  of  Smith  River, 
which  flow'S  in  a  canon  only  500  feet  above  sea  level.     To  take  out  ore 
from  this  and  the  two  properties  next  described,  by  way  of  the  Smith  I 
River  road,  would  require  about  one  and  one-quarter  miles  of  tramway,  ^ 
beside  a  mile  or  more  of  trail.    Patrick  Creek  Stage  Station  lies  about 
twelve  miles  distant  by  trail,  on  the  Grants  Pass  Road. 

Hawkins  chromite  prospect,  owned  by  AVm.  HaAvkins  of  Crescent 
Citv,  lies  one  mile  west  of  the  Fridav  claim,  on  the  High  Plateau. 
There  is  an  outcrop  of  good  chromite  with  a  maximum  width  of  thirty 
feet  and  a  length  of  one  hundred  feet,  but  no  development  had  been 
done  to  permit  an  estimate  of  tonnage.  A  sample  taken  is  said  to  have 
shown  56%  CroOg.  This  claim  is  a  mile  nearer  Smith  River  and  cor- 
respondingly farther  from  the  Grants  Pass  Road,  than  the  last  claim 
mentioned. 

High  Plateau  chrome  prospect  consists  of  four  claims  located  in 
the  south  half  of  Section  30,  T.  18  N.,  R.  2  E.,  and  owned  by  H.  II. 
Morrell  and  John  Hester  of  Crescent  City,  who  filed  locations  in  the 
fall  of  1917.  Claim  No.  1  shows  soft  chromite  float  for  1000  feet. 
No.  2  is  said  to  include  an  outcrop  of  chromite,  ten  feet  wide  over  a 
distance  of  one  hundred  twenty  feet ;  and  No.  3  an  outcrop  eight  feet  ; 
wide  for  a  length  of  forty  feet.  The  owners  found  these  prospects  in 
September,  1917,  and  had  done  no  mining. 


MANGANESE    AND    CHROMIUM.  131 

The  Smith  Kivcr  road  coiilcl  he  reaclu'd  tj-oiii  these,  chiiiiis  by  one  mile 
and  a  quarter  of  traunvay.  Ore  woidd  have  to  ])e  hauled  twenty  miles 
to  reach  the  terminus  of  lTobl)8  AVall  Co. 's  logging  railroad  which  runs 
from  Crescent  City  to  the  logging  woods. 

The  Malpas  chrome  prospect  ad.joins  the  Avest  side  of  the  Tyson 
property  on  French  Hill.  There  are  four  claims  located  in  May,  1917, 
by  H.  Malpas,  county  surveyor  of  Del  Norte  County,  in  company  with 
Messrs.  Keller,  Chapman  and  Tlotehkiss  of  Crescent  City. 

Shortly  after  location  the  claims  were  leased  to  parties  who  were 
expected  to  do  development  work  and  pay  a  royalty  on  any  ore  sold. 
It  is  stated  that  the  lessees  failed  to  do  any  development  work  and  soon 
after  the  expiration  of  their  lease,  the  claims  were  .jumped,  on  the 
ground  that  the  original  locators  had  failed  to  do  work  showing  ore  in 
place.  Some  forty  tons  of  shipping  ore  were  taken  out  by  the  claim 
jumpers  and  a  deal  was  made  for  the  sale  of  it,  but  when  the  prospective 
buyers  heard  of  the  dispute  regarding  title  they  naturally  delayed  tak- 
ing the  ore,  and  further  work  was  halted  pending  settlement  of  the 
dispute.  This  ease  illustrates  how  production  from  promising  prop- 
erties may  be  delayed,  and  loss  incurred,  by  owners  and  locators  due 
to  failure  to  carry  on  proper  development  work. 

EL  DORADO   COUNTY. 

The  Austin  mine  lies  three  miles  northeast  of  Georgetown  in  the 
SE.  i  of  Sec.  25  of  T.  13  N.,  R.  10  E.,  M.  D.  M.  The  property  Avas 
leased  by  H.  C.  AiLstin  from  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad. 

Chrome  ore  occurs  as  chimneys  in  serpentine  and  has  been  mined  by 
open  cuts  and  shallow  shafts.  On  the  east  side  of  the  mountain  at  an 
elevation  of  2900'  is  a  10'  pit,  from  which  about  60  tons  of  ore  were 
mined  and  corded.    This  orebocly  strikes  N.  3'0°  E. 

Approximately  60  tons  of  ore,  mainly  float,  was  shipped  from  dig- 
gings on  the  side  hill  south  of  the  pit.  The  ore  body  had  been  broken 
up  by  erosion  and  practically  all  scattered  down  the  hill  for  a  distance 
of  300'.  The  original  ore  body  had  been  open  cut  from  2'  to  3'  in  depth 
and  40'  long  along  a  direction  N.  20'  E.  Other  shallow  pits  along  the 
crest  of  the  hill  have  yielded  a  few  tons  each. 

On  the  west  side  of  the  hill  a  16'  shaft,  with  open  cut  10'  deep  and  50' 
long  for  drainage,  followed  a  chimney  of  ore  3'  x  7'  which  pinched  in 
the  bottom  of  the  shaft.  Seventy  tons  of  ore  were  mined  of  which  10 
tons  remained  on  the  dump. 

Over  60  tons  of  ore  were  piled  by  the  road  near  Georgetown  where  it 
had  been  teamed  three  miles  from  the  mine.  The  ore  was  being  trucked 
19  miles  to  Placerville.  Hauling  of  the  ore  from  the  mine  to  Placer- 
ville  costs  $8.00  per  ton.  Two  cars  of  ore,  a  total  of  93  tons,  had  been 
shipped. 


132  CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 

Tlie  Bonetti  property  includes  20  acres  in  the  S.  ^  of  Sec.  6,  T.  8  N., 
R.  10  E.,  M.  D.  M.,  four  miles  east  of  Latrobe  and  two  and  one-half 
miles  southeast  of  Brandon  Station. 

Lenses  of  chrome  from  5'  to  6'  wide  occur  irregularly,  in  serpentine, 
along  a  north-south  strike  for  a  distance  of  200'.  Development  work 
consists  of  open  cut  work  ¥  deep.  Ore  mined  here  by  the  Union  Chrome 
Company  early  in  1917  is  reported  to  have  assayed  from  35  to  45% 
Cr.Os. 

Owned  by  Chas.  and  Andre  Bonetti  of  Latrobe. 

The  Brandon  property  is  in  Sec.  8,  T.  8  N.,  R.  9  E.,  M.  D.  M.,  four 
miles  east  of  Latrobe.  It  is  owned  by  the  Messrs.  Brandon  of  Latrobe 
and  was  leased  to  J.  Burnett. 

Chrome  ore  was  mined  by  open  cut  from  4'  to  16'  deep.  The  ore 
body  was  from  12"  to  18"  wide  and  50'  long.  The  owners  believed 
that  they  had  bottomed  the  ore  and  had  abandoned  the  work.  Three  cars 
of  ore  had  been  shipped  and  30  tons  of  45%  ore  were  piled  near  Flo- 
nellis  siding  awaiting  shipment. 

Buzzard  Mill.  On  the  Levy-Darrington  Ranch,  four  miles  from 
Mormon  Island  (near  Folsom)  an  old  5-stamp  quartz  mill  has  been 
remodeled  as  a  test  plant  for  chromite  concentration.  An  Overstrom 
Concentrator  was  put  in  below  the  stamps.  Power  is  obtained  from 
two  gas  engines,  one  of  30  h.  p.  and  one  of  7  h.  p.  F.  Gurney,  Box 
31,  Folsom,  is  in  charge.     He  plans  to  erect  a  new  plant  nearby. 

The  Cassiorni  leases  include  mining  privileges  on  properties  owned 
by  C.  F.  Irish  and  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad  in  the  NW.  i  of  Sec. 
23,  T.  12  N.,  R.  10  E.,  M.  D.  M.  The  property  lies  2  miles  south  of 
Georgetown,  at  an  elevation  of  2380'  on  a  low  ridge. 

Lenticular  bodies  of  chrome  ore  had  a  strike  of  N.  30°  E.  and  dip 
E.  60°.  They  were  being  mined  by  3  pits,  one  of  which  was 
6'  X  8'  X  10'  deep,  another  4'  x  4'  x  6'  deep,  and  a  third  2'  x  6'  x  4'  deep. 
The  property  had  been  gophered  for  a  distance  of  75'  and  very  little 
ore  was  in  sight. 

Operated  by  Mr.  Cassiorni  of  Richmond,  Alameda  County. 

The  Chaix  chrome  properties  are  in  Sees.  12  and  14  of  T.  8  N., 
R.  9  E.,  M.  D.  M.,  about  3  miles  east  of  Latrobe.  They  include  195 
acres  in  Sec.  12  and  120  acres  in  Sec.  14.  fl 

Lenses  of  chrome  ore  in  serpentine  strike  N.  20°  E.  and  dip  70°  E.  : 
Development  work  consisted  of  an  open  cut  3'  to  6'  wide,  14'  deep  and  i 
60'  long  at  an  elevation  of  830'.  Ore  is  exposed  3'  wide,  4'  deep  and  J 
40'  long.  About  250'  south  of  the  main  workings  four  open  cuts  had 
been  made  4'  deep  and  14'  long.  Five  cars  of  45  to  48%  ore  had  been 
shipped  from  these  workings  in  Section  14. 


MANGANESE    AND    CHROMIUM.  133 

In  section  12  about  20  tons  of  43-45%  ore  had  been  mined  and 
hauled. 

Owned  by  S.  Chaix  of  Latrobe. 

The  Cowell  property  in  Marble  Valley,  near  Clarksville,  is  reported 
to  have  yielded  4  cars  of  ore  up  to  December,  1917.  It  is  owned  by 
the  Cowell  Lime  and  Cement  Company  of  San  Francisco. 

The  Donnelly  chrome  workings  are  on  a  160-acre  lease,  by  P.  Don- 
nelly, Wm.  Hathaway,  J.  C.  Adams  and  G.  W.  Nielson,  of  property  in 
Sec.  21,  T.  11  N.,  R.  8  E.,  M.  D.  M.,  belonging  to  the  Southern  Pacific 
Railroad.  The  workings  lie  10  miles  northeast  of  Folsom  at  an  ele- 
vation of  1050'  dr. 

Lenticular  shaped  bodies  of  chrome  ore  were  being  mined  by  8  men 
provided  with  hand  tools  and  windlass.  The  upper  workings  at  an 
elevation  of  1060'  consist  of  a  20'  incline  shaft  on  an  ore  body  which 
strikes  N.  45°  E.,  and  dips  45°  SE.  One  foot  of  clean  high  grade  ore 
was  exposed  on  the  hanging  wall  and  2'  of  a  low  grade  mixed  ore  on 
the  footwall. 

An  ore  body  parallel  to  the  first,  lies  50'  farther  down  the  slope  of 
the  hill.  It  has  been  cross-cut  by  two  tunnels,  one  of  which  is  30' 
south  of  the  other.  The  ore  is  16"  thick  where  exposed  at  a  depth  of 
15'  below  the  surface  in  both  tunnels,  but  narrows  to  12"  fifty  feet 
farther  south. 

At  an  elevation  of  1020',  farther  down  the  slope  of  the  hill,  a  12" 
vein  had  been  opened  up  by  five  10'  pits  along  a  distance  of  75'  and 
one  incline  16'  deep,  was  equipped  with  a  windlass. 

An  analysis  of  the  ore  taken  from  the  various  dumps  by  the  Califor- 
nia Ore  Purchasing  Company  is  as  follows: 


I 


I 


Cr^Os    40.52% 

SiOs    — 6.60% 

FeO 17.63% 

ALOa 11.66% 

MgO — 15.80% 

CaO - 1.23% 

Ignition   loss   0.50% 

'  99.94% 


The  Forni  property  lies  four  miles  west  of  Latrobe  in  the  NW.  .{  of 
T.  8  N.,  R.  10  E.,  M.  D.  M.  It  was  said  to  be  leased  to  the  Union 
Chrome  Company,  who  intended  to  develop  the  prospects. 

Owned  by  J.  C.  Forni  of  Latrobe. 

The  Freeman  property  is  in  the  SE.  ^  of  Sec.  24,  T.  8  N.,  R.  9  E., 
M.  D.  M.,  about  eight  miles  southeast  of  Latrobe  a't  an  elevation  of 
590'. 


134 


CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 


A  lens  of  chrome,  in  serpentine,  striking  north-soutli,  and  pitching 
85°  W.  was  mined  by  an  opencut  2'-3'  deep  and  30'  long.  A  few  tons 
of  ore  were  shipped.  The  deposit  was  small  and  when  the  lens  nar- 
roM^ed  work  was  abandoned.     Owned  by  Mr.  Freeman  of  Latrobe. 

Geisendorfer  &  Schwartz  having  opened  up  chrome  properties  near 
Latrobe  and  Clarksville,  w^ere  in  June,  1918,  building  a  50-ton  concen- 
trating mill  at  Folsom  to  treat  their  low  grade  ores.  The  receiving 
ore-bin  has  a  capacity  of  300  tons,  and  there  is  an  additional  'service 
bin'  of  40  tons.  Ore  is  received  by  rail  and  by  auto  trucks;  and  after 
passing  through  a  jaAv  crusher  is  raised  by  a  bucket  elevator  to  the 
service  bin,  where  it  is  fed  to  the  ball-mill.  From  the  ball-mill  the 
pulp  passes  to  concentrating  tables.  Water  is  obtained  from  the  Fol- 
som city  mains. 

The  Glenn  property  adjoins  that  of  P.  B.  Murphy  southeast  of 
Latrobe.  It  is  said  to  have  been  prospected  for  chrome  by  a  20'  open- 
cut,  but  the  extent  of  the  low  grade  chrome  bearing  belt  has  not  been 
determined. 

The  property  is  owned  by  P.  E.  and  Margaret  Glenn  of  Latrobe,  who 
had  leased  it  to  R.  Nicol  of  San  Francisco  for  mining  purposes. 

The  Green  chrome  mine,  formerly  worked  as  the  Neptune  Gold 
Mine,  is  in  the  SE.  \  of  Sec.  19,  T.  13  N.,  R.  11  E.,  M.  D.  M.,  1|  miles 


Photo  No.  24.      Washing  chrome  ore  at  Green  property,   near  Volcanoville,   El  Dorado  County. 

south  of  Volcanoville  at  an  elevation  of  2730'.  The  property  consists 
of  8  claims,  on  Government  land,  on  one  of  which  chrome  has  been 
found.  It  was  located  by  "W.  C.  Green  of  Georgetown  and  leased  to 
D.  C.  Norcross,  Secretarj^  of  the  Western  Iron  and  Fuel  Company, 
430  California  St.,  San  Francisco. 


MANGANESE  AND  CHROMIUM. 


135 


A  crosscut  tiinuel  in  the  old  gold  mine  cut  a  chimney  of  chrome  ore 
at  a  depth  of  180'  below  its  outcrop.  A  25'  winze  has  been  sunk  on 
the  ore  below  the  tunnel  level.  The  ore  body  was  5'  x  6'  where  cut  by 
the  tunnel  and  2'  x  8'  in  the  face  of  a  raise  25'  above.  The  ore 
appears  to  be  continuous  to  the  surface. 

Water  power  is  used  to  run  a  ventilator  fan  for  the  mine.  The 
property  is  equipped  with  a  blacksmith  shop  and  mine  car.  A  table 
is  used  for  washing  the  ore,  which  is  stored  in  a  bin. 

Two  men  had  mined  over  100  tons  of  45%  ore  during  the  mouth  end- 
ing June  13,  1917.  Of  this  50  tons  were  stored  in  the  mine,  and  about 
60  tons  were  in  the  ore  bin  ready  to  haul.  The  ore  was  to  be  hauled 
37  miles  to  Auburn,  costing  about  30^  per  ton  mile.  One-half  mile  of 
new  road  had  recently  been  built  to  the  property. 

The  Hoff  property  is  in  Sec.  30  of  T.  8  N.,  R.  10  E.,  M.  D.  M.,  five 
miles  southeast  of  Latrobe  at  an  elevation  of  635'.  It  includes  two 
claims  owned  by  Jas.  O'Brien,  Peter  Hoff  and  Chas.  Ybright. 


Photo   No.   25.      Alpine   Chrome   Claim,   of  Hoff  Group.   El  Dorado   County,  showing  width  of 

vein,    and   ore   pile   at   right. 

A  lens  of  chrome  ore  on  the  Alpine  claim  strikes  east-west  and  the 
west  end  swings  N.  60°  W.  The  ore  body  is  10'  wide  in  the  center,  and 
56'  long,  tapering  at  both  ends.  There  appeared  to  be  about  233  tons 
of  33%  ore  in  sight. 

An  ore  body  on  the  Cosumnes  claim  has  been  developed  by  a  10' 
open  cut  on  a  side  hill  from  which  one-half  car  of  ore  had  been  shipped. 
•Some  ore  still  remained  to  be  worked. 


136  CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING  BUREAU. 

Approximately  150  tons  of  ore  had  been,  or  was  being,  shipped  up  to 
June  1,  1917.  The  ore  was  said  to  have  been  sold  to  the  Union  Chrome 
Company  of  San  Francisco,  and  to  average  33%  Cr^Oa. 

The  Irish  ranch  is  five  miles  southwest  of  Cummings  in  Sees.  7  and 
8  of  T.  9  N.,  R.  10  E.,  M.  D.  M  Chrome  ore,  striking  north-south,  has 
been  developed  by  two  20'  pits.  Three  cars  of  35%  ore  w^ere  mined 
and  shipped  from  Cummings  in  1917  by  the  American  Refractories 
Company. 

The  Joerger  property  is  in  Sec.  35,  T.  10  N.,  R.  8  E.,  M.  D.  M., 
1^  miles  northwest  of  Clarksville  at  an  elevation  of  990'.  It  is  owned 
by  Ella  M.  Joerger  of  5808  Ocean  View  Drive,  Oakland,  and  leased  to 
Bert  Fitch,  John  C.  Evans  and  George  Rickard  of  Clarksville. 

A  lenticular  body  of  chrome  ore  in  serpentine  was  exposed,  striking 
N.  30°  W.  and  dipping  east  68°.  It  had  been  open  cut  from  4'  to  8' 
deep  and  110'  long,  being  12'  wide  near  the  top.  The  ore  body  had 
pinched  in  the  bottom  of  the  workings  and  the  lessees  did  not  intend 
to  go  much  deeper,  although  another  ore  body  could  probably  be  found. 
It  was  reported,  in  December,  1917,  that  work  had  been  carried  to  a 
depth  of  48  feet  on  good  ore. 

The  lessees  shipped  47  tons  of  38%  ore  to  the  American  Refractories 
Company  and  had  about  40  tons  of  ore  on  the  dump  in  June,  1917, 

The  Kelly  property  is  in  the  NE.  i  of  Sec.  16,  T.  11  N.,  R.  8  E., 
M.  D.  M.,  near  Rattlesnake  Bar,  6  miles  southeast  of  Newcastle,  at  an 
elevation  of  560'.     It  is  oAvned  by  M.  A.  Kelly  of  Auburn. 

Chromic  oxide  occurs  disseminated  throughout  a  siliceous  serpen- 
tinized  rock.  About  25  tons  of  28%  ore  have  been  mined  by  two  pits, 
one  5' X  12' X  10'  deep  and  another  3' x  5' x  4'  deep.  There  appeared 
to  be  about  12  tons  of  a  similar  ore  in  sight.  It  was  said  that  another 
prospect  on  a  hill  north  of  these  workings  might  yield  ore  of  a  higher 
grade.  i 

The  McCurdy  property  is  in  the  NW.  |  of  Sec.  8,  T.  11  N.,  R.  10  E., 
M.  D.  M.,  2  miles  north  of  Coloma  at  an  elevation  of  1900'.  It  is 
owned  by  Mr.  IMcCurdy  of  Garden  Valley  and  leased  to  F.  A.  Cassiorni 
of  Georgetown  and  P.  Michelsen. 

Lenticular  bodies  of  chrome  ore  striking  N.  10°  E.  and  pitching  80° 
E.,  had  been  developed.  A  lens  of  ore  18"  wide  and  10'  long  was 
exposed  by  an  open  cut  30'  long.  Southwest  of  this  a  body  of  low 
grade  ore  was  exposed  by  a  20'  opencut.  To  the  north,  a  pit  8'  deep 
exposes  high  grade  ore,  of  which  25  tons  of  45%  ore  had  been  mined 
and  was  in  a  pile. 

The  Murphy  property  is  in  the  SE.  i  of  Sec.  14,  T.  8  N.,  R.  9  E.", 
M.  D.  M.,  2  mile^  southeast  of  Latrobe.  Chrome  occurs  on  a  160  acre 
portion  of  a  420  acre  patent  owned  by  P.  B.  Murphy,  Mrs.  T.  P.  Mur- 


i 


MANGANESE   AND    CHROMIUM.  137 

phy  and  daughters.  The  mineral  rights  had  been  bonded  to  R.  Nicol 
of  San  Francisco,  in  May  1917,  and  work  was  to  be  commenced  in  60 
days. 

A  belt  of  low  grade  chroiiie-])eariiig  serpentine  has  a  N.  20"^  E.  direc- 
tion. It  had  been  prospected  by  shallow  trenches  across  the  center  and 
two  ends.  The  material  as  exposed  is  of  low  grade  down  to  6'  in  depth, 
with  stringers,  up  to  12"  in  width,  of  a  higher  grade  ore  running  up 
into  it.  The  deposit  is  about  27'  wide  across  the  center  and  200'  long 
and  there  should  be  approximately  2250  tons  of  workable  material  of 
over  20%  CrjO..  down  to  a  depth  of  20  feet,  allowing  for  lenticularity. 

lif  At  Nig-ger  Hill,  on  the  Burnett  ranch,  the  Noble  Electric  Steel  Com- 
pany has  recently  completed  a  chromite  concentrating  plant.  From  a 
Blake  crusher  the  ore  goes  to  a  50-ton  ball  mill  fitted  with  continuous 
screen  of  12  mesh.  The  pulp  goes  without  classification  to  two  Wilfley 
tables,  then  to  a  Senn  concentrator.  This  plant  has  just  been  put  in 
operation  (May,  1918),  so  no  opinion  can  be  expressed  as  to  its  success 
or  to  run  of  ore  and  concentrate.  If  performance  comes  up  to  present 
expectations,  the  plant  will  probably  be  enlarged  to  handle  150  tons 
daily.^ 

The  Ogle  property  is  in  the  NE.  i  of  See.  18,  T.  13  N.,  R.  11  E., 
M.  D.  M.,  one  mile  south  of  Volcanoville  at  an  elevation  of  3100'.  It 
is  owned  by  E.  C.  and  W.  H.  Ogle  of  Volcanoville,  and  was  worked  in 
May,  1917,  by  the  .Union  Chrome  Company  of  San  Francisco,  whose 
lease  has  since  expired. 

Chrome  lenses  striking  north-south  in  serpentine  had  been  open  cut  to 
a  depth  of  approximately  20',  irregularly,  for  a  distance  of  75'.  About 
47  tons  of  45%  ore  were  shipped  from  Auburn,  a  distance  of  36  miles. 
Hauling  is  said  to  have  cost  30  cents  per  ton  mile. 

The  Pilliken  property  is  in  Sec.  28,  T.  11  N.,  R.  8  E.,  M.  D.  M.,  of  the 
Salmon  Falls  district.  It  lies  nine  miles  northeast  of  Folsom  at  eleva- 
tions ranging  from  800'  to  1200'.  It  will  be  noted  that  barometric 
elevations  given  here  do  not  correspond  with  those  given  for  this  prop- 
erty in  our  report  on  Sacramento  County ;  those  given  here  are  believed 
to  be  more  nearly  correct  since  the  others  were  taken  during  a  threat- 
ening storm.  The  chrome  deposits  are  owned  by  Geo.  Pilliken  and 
others  of  FoLsom,  but  leased  to  the  Noble  Electric  Steel  Company  of  995 
Market  St.,  San  Francisco. 

Chimneys  and  lenses  of  chrome  ore  in  serpentine  have  been  developed 
by  open  cuts,  incline  shafts  and  tunnels  as  follows : 

The  No.  1  or  lower  workings  are  in  the  NE.  corner  of  the  NW.  i  of 
Sec.  28.    An  orebody  striking  N.  25  W.  has  been  developed  by  a  150' 


'A   new    mill    of    sturdier    construction    is    being    installerl    here    and    pi-oduction    is 
delayed. 


138 


CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 


tunnel  running  N.  30°  E.  Eighty  feet  from  the  tunnel  entrance  a  30' 
raise  extends  to  the  surface  and  the  ore  appeared  to  have  been  mined 
out ;  this  orebodj^  struck  east-west  and  pitched  40°  N.  and  was  followed 
downward  by  an  incline  to  a  depth  of  70',  below  the  tunnel  level,  where 
ore  is  exposed  2'  wide  along  12'  of  the  lower  workings ;  this  incline  is  20' 
east  of  the  tunnel  and  90'  from  its  entrance,  being  connected  with  it 
by  drift. 

In  the  face  of  the  150'  tunnel,  at  a  distance  of  80'  from  the  first,  is  a 
second  parallel  ore  shoot  followed  by  a  70'  raise  to  the  surface;  30' 
from  the  surface  two  10'  drifts  have  followed  the  ore  for  30'  east  and 
west.  The  ore  exposed  is  somewhat  mixed  with  serpentine,  but  is  from 
2'  to  4'  wide  and  averages  40%  CrjO..     This  same  orebody  has  been 


Photo   No.   26.       Chrome  mines  on  the  Pilliken  property,   El  Dorado  County. 

followed  by  open  cut  on  the  surface,  at  an  elevation  of  840'  from  3'  to 
8'  deep ;  the  ore  exposed  is  from  2'  to  3'  wide  and  somewhat  mixed  with 
serpentine  and  granular  ore.  A  10'  shaft  from  this  level  shows  a  good 
lenticular  shaped  orebody  opening  up  from  6"  wide  at  the  tunnel 
level  to  5'  in  the  bottom  of  the  shaft.  This  ore  will  probably  be  worked 
by  a  raise  from  the  lower  tunnel. 

At  an  elevation  of  860',  75'  northwest  of  the  last  described  workings, 
a  50'  tunnel  has  been  run  due  north  cutting  a  body  of  chrome,  striking 
N.  10°  W.,  and  pitching  east  45°.  The  orebody  exposed  is  12"  wide 
and  consists  of  a  high  grade  ore  mixed  somewhat  with  serpentine  and 
tremolite.  In  the  face  of  the  tunnel  the  ore  is  exposed  12"  Avide  for  6' 
across  the  face  and  24'  along  the  floor  of  the  tunnel.  Ore  is  also  exposed 
2'  wide  in  a  35'  up-raise  to  the  surface  on  the  southeast  side  of  the 
tunnel;  this  orebody  is  offset  from  the  one  exposed  near  the  surface. 
There  was  10  tons  of  ore  on  the  dump. 


MANGANESE    AND    CHROMIUM.  139 

To  the  northeast  the  old  upper  workings  or  glory-hole  appeared  to 
be  about  cleaned  out,  except  for  a  few  small  stringers  which  are  being 
prospected  to  the  northeastward.  Below  this  at  an  elevation  of  900'  a 
50'  open  cut  has  been  run  into  the  liill  along  a  direction  N.  20°  E., 
opening  up  some  mixed  ore  in  the  face,  which  is  20'  high.  This  has  been 
mined  by  a  50'  east-M^est  cross-cut,  10'  from  the  entrance  of  which  a 
cros.s-stringer  was  being  followed,  by  a  drift;  this  16-foot  west  drift 
had  exposed  ore  12"  wide  for  a  distance  of  5'  along  the  face.  The 
same  orebody  extends  eastward,  tOAvards  the  old  workings,  but  has  not 
been  developed.  It  has  promise  of  widening  out  with  depth.  About  25 
tons  of  ore  were  on  the  dump. 

At  an  elevation  of  885'  about  150'  south  of  the  old  glory-hole  work- 
ings a  large  body  of  40-45%  ore  has  been  exposed.  The  orebody  strikes 
N.  40°  AV.  and  has  been  stoped  for  a  distance  of  50'  following  chimnej^s 
of  ore  to  the  surface.    The  ore  is  worked  through  a  tunnel  below. 

A  50'  incline  with  entrance  at  an  elevation  of  875'  follows  an  orebody 
which  showed  a  12'  face  in  November,  1916.  These  workings  have  now 
been  extended  10'  deeper  and  chrome  ore  is  exposed  15'  thick  and  20' 
wide  with  no  indication  of  pinching.     The  footwall  strikes  eavSt-west. 

West  of  the  above  described  orebody  is  an  ore-shoot  striking  N.  80°  E., 
and  pitching  55°  NW.  The  main  working  tunnel  cuts  the' ore  near  its 
entrance  where  a  12"  vein  is  exposed.  It  widens  to  the  northeast  and 
has  been  followed  down  40'  by  an  incline,  at  the  face  of  which  2'  to  3' 
of  ore  is  exposed.  The  ore  is  also  cut  at  a  distance  of  40'  farther  north, 
by  a  20'  tunnel,  and  has  been  followed  down  by  a  25'  incline.  The  ore 
between  these  two  tunnels  has  been  stoped  to  the  surface,  but  is  blocked 
out  below  and  the  ore  would  average  about  38%  Cr^Os. 

South  of  the  main  working  tunnel  (Elev.  860')  an  incline  has  followed 
this  same  orebody  down  to  50'  below  the  surface.  The  orebody  mined  was 
20'  thick  and  30'  long  and  1'  of  ore  was  left  exposed  on  the  hanging  wall. 
Ore  exposed  on  the  south  face  averaged  2'  wide  and  20'  long.  The  lens 
strikes  N.-S.  wnth  a  dip  of  20°  E.  and  it  appears  as  though  it  might  make 
an  ore-shoot  to  the  south. 

The  No.  2  developments  are  on  the  south  side  of  the  hill,  one-half  mile 
southeast  of  No.  1,  where  some  old  workings  are  being  opened  up.  At 
an  elevation  of  830'  a  30'  shaft  was  sunk  on  a  N.-S.  orebody,  pitching 
40°  E.  The  orebody  averages  4'  thick  in  the  bottom,  the  greatest  width 
being  10'  at  the  center ;  it  tapers  to  1'  wide  in  16'  down  the  pitch  to  the 
east.  About  15  tons  of  40%  granular  ore  had  been  taken  out  in  the  last 
two  weeks  of  May,  1917.  A  2'  stringer  to  the  east  is  going  to  be 
opened  by  a  new  .shaft;  old  workings  were  carried  only  to  the  water 
level.  At  an  elevation  of  840'  about  500'  east  of  the  new  30'  shaft  is  an 
old  20'  shaft  sunk  in  the  early  days;  ore  exposed  in  the  bottom  is  said 
to  be  3'  thick  and  12'  long,  striking  N.-S.  and  pitching  east  35\ 


140  CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 

No.  3  workings  lie  at  an  elevation  of  995'  on  the  upper  slope  of  the« 
hill,  approximately  one-half  a  mile  due  north  of  No.  2  workings.  An™ 
old  open  cut  10'  deep  has  followed  a  body  of  chrome  ore  for  90'  along 
its  strike.  The  orebody  pitched  68°  east  and  was  partially  worked  by  a 
tunnel.  About  3'  of  mixed  ore  was  being  opened  up  in  the  hanging  wall 
near  the  center  of  the  old  workings  and  one  ton  of  45%  ore  was  on  * 
the  dump.  If  the  main  orebody  has  not  already  been  worked,  by  tunnel 
on  the  lower  level,  probabl.y  considerable  ore  remains.  This  same  ore- 
body  has  been  opened  up  by  an  old  20'  tunnel  for  a  distance  of  30'  anc 
has  been  traced  by  two  open  cuts  for  30'  farther  northward. 

No.  4  workings  are  about  500'  south  of  No.  3  at  an  elevation  of  950'.] 
An  80'  incline  has  followed  an  orebody  striking  N.  35°  W.  The  lengj 
is  4'  wide  in  the  center  and  20'  long,  tapering  irregularly  to  10"  inj 
width  at  each  end.  About  275  tons  of  ore  averaging  43%  Cr203  had] 
been  taken  out.  A  16'  incline  shaft  to  the  north  had  followed  an  ore-l 
body  1'  thick  and  8'  long;  a  stringer  Avas  followed  eastward  for  25'] 
where  another  orebody  of  considerable  promise  was  being  opened  up. 

No.  5  workings  consist  of  an  old  16'  incline  shaft,  in  a  ravine,  200'] 
east  of  No.  4.  It  follows  a  body  of  leopard  chrome  which  is  exposed] 
on  both  sides  of  the  shaft.  This  was  not  being  worked.  In  the  saddle] 
of  the  hill  about  500'  southwest  of  No.  4  is  a  prospect  of  leopard] 
chrome  as  yet  undeveloped. 

The  ore  is  hauled  nine  miles  to  Folsom  in  2|^-ton  motor  trucks  for] 
$2.50  per  ton.  Approximately  3750  tons  of  ore  had  been  produced  by 
the  property  up  to  June  6,  1917.  Eleven  cars  per  month  were  being] 
shipped  and  30  men  were  employed.  The  last  seven  cars  shipped  each] 
carried  over  46  tons  of  ore  averaging  over  43%  CrjOg  and  7%  SiOj.] 
The  concentrating  plant  here  will  be  enlarged  by  adding  two  vinits,] 
giving  a  total  capacity  of  150  tons  of  ore  daily.  Water  for  milling  will] 
be  taken  from  American  River. 

The  PfeifFer  property  is  in  the  N.  1  of  Sec.  13,  T.  8  N.,  R.  9  E.,j 
M.  D.  M.,  three  miles  east  of  Latrobe  at  an  elevation  of  500'.  It  is| 
owned  by  Wm.  Pfeiffer  of  Latrobe,  and  leased  to  the  Union  Chrome] 
Company  of  San  Francisco. 

A  lens  of  chrome  was  exposed,  striking  N.  30°  E.  and  pitching] 
85°  S.E.,  in  serpentine.  It  was  developed  by  an  open  cut  3'  to  6'  wide,] 
6'  to  10'  deep  and  30'  long.  About  30  tons  of  ore  had  been  shipped  and] 
there  were  50  tons  on  the  dump. 

The  Pilot  Hill  property  is  in  the  S.  i  of  Sec.  6,  T.  11  N.,  R.  9  E.,] 
M.  D.  M.,  nine  miles  southeast  of  Auburn,  Placer  County.    It  is  ownec 
by  John  Revoir  and  Frank  Costa  of  Pilot  Hill  and  had  been  leased  to^ 
the  Union  Chrome  Company  of  San  Francisco.    The  lessees  are  reported 


t 


MANGANESE   AND    CHROMIUM.  141 

lo  have  shipped  about  200  tons  of  ore  from  the  property  in  1010.    The 
development  work  was  shallow. 

The  Placer  Chrome  Company  own  or  lease  properties  in  Sees.  15, 
]6,  21  and  22  of  T.  11  N.,  R.  8  E.,  M.  D.  M.,  8  miles  southeast  of  New- 
castle, Placer  County.  Those  interested  are  R.  H.  Farmer  of 
Newcastle,  superintendent  and  general  manager;  W.  P.  Netherton, 
treasurer;  and  Stanley  Swanton.  The  holdings  include  950  acres 
purchased  from  the  Holmes  Lime  Company;  a  1600  acre  lease  from 
the  Zantgraff  Gold  Mining  Company;  a  2880  acre  lease  of  the 
Steele  property ;  a  1500-1600  acre  lease  from  Lovejoy  and  Stevens,  and 
IGO  acres  of  railroad  land  in  Section  21. 

Lenticular  shaped  bodies  of  chrome  ore  occurring  irregularly  in  ser- 
pentine have  been  opened  up  by  tunnels,  shafts  and  open  cuts.  On  the 
south  side  of  Granite  Ravine  a  45'  shaft  has  followed  a  N.-S.  vein,  which 
has  been  stoped  for  40'.  The  ore  is  exposed  3'  wide  in  the  bottom  of 
the  workings  and  in  the  south  face  w^iere  it  appears  to  extend  for  from 
10'  to  20'  farther  south  as  indicated  on  the  surface. 

On  the  north  side  of  the  Granite  Ravine,  on  the  southwestern  portion 
of  a  ridge,  elevation  1000',  is  a  shaft  16'  deep  with  a  14'  drift  to  the 
north.  The  ore  shoot  struck  N.  20°  W.,  and  pitched  35°  E.  The  ore 
appeared  to  have  pinched,  but  may  open  up  with  deeper  work.  Four 
tons  of  30%  ore  were  on  the  dump.  A  tunnel  150'  farther  south  fol- 
lowed a  stringer  of  chrome  ore  for  60',  but  it  pinched  out. 

At  a  distance  of  75'  northwest  a  pit  20'  deep  and  10'  in  diameter 
carried  low  grade  ore,  but  it  was  not  being  worked.  Shallow  pits  have 
followed  this  low  grade  ore  for  100'  farther  north.  Approximately  100' 
northeast  a  20'  incline  was  run  southwest  in  ore  averaging  38% ;  the 
ore  body  is  banded  and  granular  and  strikes  N.  30°  W.  with  a  pitch 
40°  SW. 
p  On  the  east  slope  of  this  same  ridge  in  a  direction  N.  25°  E.  from  the 
incline  last  mentioned,  is  a  stope  5'  x  26'  following  an  ore  body  striking 
N.  30°  AV.  and  pitching  70°  SW.  The  ore  consisted  of  3'  or  more  of 
chromite  mixed  with  more  or  less  serpentine.  Eight  tons  of  ore  were 
in  a  pile.  Api^roximately  30'  SB.  of  the  latter  stope  is  another  follow^- 
ing  an  ore  body,  3'  wide,  for  16'  along  the  strike ;  it  is  50'  deep  and  has 
been  stoped  for  a  distance  of  30'  in  the  lower  28'.  The  ore  averages 
28"  wide  in  both  the  north  and  south  faces  and  is  exposed  at  both  ends 
along  the  lower  20'.  The  ore  shoot  appears  to  persist  in  the  bottom  of 
the  workings.  Equipment  consisted  of  a  windlass.  Six  tons  of  ore 
were  in  the  pile. 
i||-  On  the  west  slope  of  the  same  ridge,  at  an  elevation  of  980',  the 
northernmost  workings  consisted  of  a  30'  stope  along  a  NS.  ore  body 
which  occurred  in  irregular  kidneys.     A  26'  open  cut  led  from  a  wind- 


h 


142 


CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 


lass  to  the  ore  pile  whore  25  tons  of  38%  ore  were  corded.  Approxi- 
mately 40'  south  of  this  a  similar  open  cut  and  stope  had  developetl 
similar  ore  and  25  tons  were  corded.  About  60'  south  of  the  last  work- 
ings a  30'  open  cut  led  to  two  20'  drifts,  north  and  south,  which  fol- 
loAved  an  ore  body.  In  the  south  face  of  the  south  drift  the  ore  was 
lenticular,  being  4'  high  and  4'  wnde  at  the  bottom.  The  ore  was  gran- 
ular and  mixed  wdth  serpentine.  In  the  north  drift  the  ore  was  simi- 
larly streaked  and  granular  and  the  face  showed  ore  6'  high  and  3' 
wide,  w^hich  averaged  about  38%  CroOj. 


Photo   No.   27.      Chromite   concentrating  mill   of   Placer    Chrome    Company   at    Rattlesnake   Bar, 
El  Dorado   County,  June  4,    1918,  after  enlargement. 

Equipment  at  the  mines  consists  of  hand  tools  and  windlass.  An  1890' 
gravity  tramw'ay  was  installed  in  September,  1917,  for  lowering  the  ore 
to  two  50  ton  ore  bins.  Ore  averaging  35%  or  over  is  trucked  direct 
to  New^castle  for  shipment,  wiiile  the  lower  grade  is  trucked  a  mile  and 
a  quarter  to  a  concentration  mill,  near  Rattlesnake  Bar. 

The  mill  consists  of  a  3'x6'  grizzly,  8"xl2"  Blake  crusher,  Hendy 
self-feeder  and  4'x5'  ball  mill,  2  Deister-Overstrom  concentrators  and 
1  Deister-Simplex  sand  concentrator.  The  crusher  and  mill  are  run  by 
a  20  h.p.  Fairbanks-Morse  engine,  while  the  tables  are  driven  by  a 
4  h.p.  gas  engine.     AVater  for  the  mill  is  pumped  from  the  American 


I 


i 


MANGANESE   AND   .CHROMIUM.  143 

jlivcr,  iioar  Huttlcsiiake  l)i'i(l!4('.  by  a  (>  h.p.  «ins  cii'jiiic.  'I'li(>  plant  cost 
ill  the  neighborhood  of  $18,0U().' 

The  ore  being  tested  by  the  phint  averaged  about  20%  Cr^O;.  and  a 
concentrate  better  than  40%  was  being  produced,  leaving  10%  in  the 
tailings.  Probably  a  50%  concentrate  and  a  cleaner  discard  will  be 
made  as  the  adjustment  of  the  various  units  of  the  plant  becomes  more 
perfect. 

Forty-two  men  were  employed,  including  those  at  the  mill,  the  last  of 
September,  1917.  About  6  carloads  of  crude  ore  per  month  were  being 
shipped.   -The  mill  had  not  yet  been  placed  on  a  producing  basis. 

The  Schelly  property  is  in  the  NE.  i  of  Sec.  5,  T.  11  N.,  R.  10  E., 
M.  D.  M.,  two  miles  north  of  Coloma  at  an  elevation  of  1880'.  It  is 
owned  by  L.  M.  Schelly,  assistant  district  attorney,  Sacramento. 

A  lenticular  body  of  black  siliceous,  low  grade  chrome  ore  strikes 
N.  20°  E.     It  had  been  open  cut  for  a  width  of  16'  and  a  length  of  40'. 

Considerable  ore  had  been  mined  and  hauled  by  the  Union  Chrome 
Company  of  San  Francisco,  but  the  property  was  idle  when  visited.  It 
was  said  that  parties  had  a  contract  to  mine  a  body  of  ore  which  was 
exposed  and  held  some  promise. 

The  Simpson  ranch  includes  some  chrome  deposits  in  Sec.  13, 
T.  10  N.,  R.  8  E.,  J\I.  D.  M.,  9  miles  east  of  Folsom  at  an  elevation  of 
850'.  The  deposits  are  leased  on  royalty  basis  by  F.  Fleishbein  and  L. 
Kinney  of  Folsom. 

Lenticular  bodies  of  chrome  ore  occur,  along  a  contact  of  serpentine 
and  schist,  striking  NS.  and  dipping  55°  E.  An  ore  body  being  worked 
was  28"  wide,  16'  long  and  20'  deep  with  ore  exposed  in  the  bottom. 
A  12"  body  of  ore  had  been  traced  by  shallow  shafts  for  a  distance  of 
75'  northward  and  200'  southward.  About  35  tons  of  35%  ore  had  been 
mined  and  corded  for  shipment. 

W.  L.  Stifle  has  done  some  shallow  surface  work  in  the  SE.  |  of  Sec. 
23,  T.  12  N.,  R.  10  E.,  M.  D.  M.,  about  1  mile  southeast  of  the  Cassiorni 
lease,  and  3  miles  south  of  Georgetown.  About  4  tons  of  35%  ore  had 
been  corded  for  shipment. 

The  Tropper  ranch  chrome  deposits  are  in  the  NE.  |  of  Sec.  32, 
T.  12  N.,  R.  10  E.,  M.  D.  M.,  1^  miles  west  of  Garden  Valley  at  an  ele- 
vation of  1950'.  Two  claims  were  located  by  Dave  Shepard  on  the 
homestead  of  Frank  Tropper  of  Greenwood.  They  had  been  leased  to 
the  Union  Chrome  Company  of  San  Francisco,  who  are  reported  to  have 
shipped  110  tons  of  ore. 


'Since  the  above  was  written   the  capacity  of  this  plant  has  been   doubled  to   100 
tons  per  day  (see  Photo  No.  27),  by  the  addition  of  a  gyratory  cruslier,  rolls,  another 
ball-mill,  and  5  'Overstrom  Mineral  Concentrators'    (a  new  table,  built  by  the  Hendy 
I  Iron  V^orks).     A  Frenier  sand-dump  elevates   the  middlings  for  re-treatment.     Elec- 
tric power  is  used. 


144  CALIFORNIA    STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 

A  40'  incline  shaft  exposed  3'  of  ore  in  the  hanging  wall  along  the 
lower  30'.  The  lens  is  probably  10'  long  and  pinches  at  either  end. 
A  16'  vertical  shaft  with  a  12'  incline,  14'  south  of  the  first,  shows  no 
ore,  but  the  lens  mined  appeared  to  have  pitched  50°  to  the  east. 

The  Wiley  property  consists  of  a  220-acre  patent  in  Sees  1  and  10, 
and  a  lease  on  a  location  in  Sec  11  of  T.  10  N.,  R.  9  E.,  M.  D.  M.  It  is 
owned  by  D.  E.  Wiley  of  Folsom  and  leased  to  Mr.  Gill  and  others  who 
were  prospecting  with  open  cuts  and  pits.  Three  men  were  working 
in  June,  1917,  and  15  tons  of  45%  ore  are  said  to  have  been  mined  from 
Sec.  1  and  sold. 

Zanini  Bros,  of  Latrobc,  have  a  deposit  of  low  grade  chrome  on  their 
property  in  the  W.  -J  of  Sec.  35,  T.  9  N.,  E.  9  E.,  M.  D.  M.  A  20'  shaft 
had  been  sunk,  but  the  ore  was  of  too  low  grade  to  ship. 

FRESNO    COUNTY. 

The  Carson  and  Sweet  prospect  is  near  Watts  Valley  on  property 
owned  by  Mr.  Hyde  of  the  Visalia  Bank.  It  is  leased  by  Frank  Carson 
of  the  Visalia  Land  and  Investment  Company.  Two  promising  chrome 
ore  bodies  are  reported  to  have  been  found,  and  development  work  was 
to  be  started.  The  same  party  is  reported  to  have  chrome  bearing 
properties  in  the  Pine  Flat  district. 

The  Franks  property  is  in  the  Pine  Flat  district  in  Sec.  25,  T.  12  S., 
R.  24  E.,  M.  D.  M.,  6  miles  northeast  of  Piedra.  The  workings  are  on 
the  slope  of  a  hill  on  the  property  of  J.  R.  Franks  of  Piedra. 

An  irregular  body  of  chrome  ore  2'  thick  occurs  in  serpentine.  The 
ore  was  being  mined  by  J.  Rice  W'ho  paid  50  cents  per  ton  for  sledding 
of  the  ore  down  the  hill  and  $2.50  per  ton  for  hauling  it  to  Piedra. 
The  ore  w-as  being  sold  for  $13  per  ton,  loaded  on  the  car  at  Piedra. 

Messrs.  Woods,  Blazel  and  McGee  are  said  to  have  shipped  4  cars  of 
ore  from  the  Pine  Flat  district  in  1916. 

The  Mineral  Resources  Corporation  of  America,  Ralph  E.  Hyatt, 
president,  Hughes  Hotel,  Fresno,  hold  the  Lacy  property  in  Sec.  19,  T. 
11  S.,  R.  24  E.,  M.  D.  M.  It  was  leased  by  the  Union  Chrome  Company 
of  San  Francisco  until  February,  1917. 

Chimneys  of  chrome  ore  have  been  mined  by  open  cuts  ami  pits,  and 
it  is  reported  that  500  tons  were  shipped  in  March  and  200  tons  in 
April.  Eight  men  were  employed  in  May,  four  of  whom  were  driving 
a  tunnel  200'  long  with  the  idea  of  cutting  ore  at  a  depth  of  100'  below 
the  surface. 

The  Rhodes,  Byles  and  Gribble  mining  property  is  near  Condon  Peak, 
at  an  elevation  of  4500',  in  the  SE.  corner  of  Sec.  35,  T.  18  S.,  R.  12  E., 
M.  D.  M.,  about  28  miles  northwest  of  Coalinga.     It  consists  of  1  claim 


li 


MANGANESE   AND   CHROMIUM.  145 

1  on  the  property  of  the  Aurora  Quicksilver  Company,  leased  by  L.  H. 
I  Khodes,  C.  N.  Gribble  and  Mr.  Byles  of  Coalinga. 

I  Chromite  occurs  as  shoots  and  nodules  in  greenish  white  serpentine. 
I  The  ore  varies  from  small  high  grade  bodies  running  45%  and  over 
■  to  low  grade  disseminated,  granular  deposits.  A  large  tonnage  of  ore 
i  should  be  available,  but  the  mining  cost  will  be  high  on  account  of  the 
1  scattered  character  of  the  ore. 

The  deposits  had  been  open  cut,  by  hand  labor,  on  the  slopes  of  a 

I  ridge.     The  ore  is  hoisted  to  the  top  of  the  ridge  in  a  one-ton  car  by  a 

]  distillate  engine.     Approximately  20  tons  of  ore  were  taken  from  one 

j  ore  body  and  a  total  of  90  tons  had  been  shipped  from  the  property  up 

to  May,  1917.     It  is  reported  that  the  costs  of  mining  and  hauling  to 

Coalinga  were  high  and  that  the  early  shipments  being  poorly  sorted 

did  not  pay  expenses. 

The  Snyder  property,  in  the  Pine  Flat  District,  is  reported  to  have 
yielded  10  tons  of  float  chrome  which  had  been  sledded  down  to  Hughes 
Creek,  but  not  shipped  as  yet.     Owaied  by  R.  S.  Snyder  of  Piedra. 

The  Watts  Valley  region  had  yielded  nearly  3000  tons  of  high  grade 
chrome  ore,  up  to  jMay  4,  1917,  under  the  development  carried  on  by 
the  Union  Chrome  Company  of  San  Francisco.  The  properties  lie 
mostly  in  Sec.  19,  T.  11  S.,  R.  24  E.,  M.  D.  M. 

The  Clara  H.  patent  is  owned  by  Messrs.  Spear  and  Laffinger  of  San 
Francisco.  It  had  been  developed  by  a  100'  shaft,  and  a  chimney  of  ore 
6'  X 10'  had  been  mined  out  to  within  15'  of  the  surface.  Con- 
siderable open  cut  work  had  been  done  on  the  surface  adjoining  the 
shaft.  At  least  75  tons  of  ore  nnmined  were  exposed  by  the  deeper 
workings. 

The  Camden  claim  is  on  government  land  developed  by  open  cut  3' 
wide  and  20'  long  along  the  ore  body.  The  depth  of  the  ore  could  not 
be  determined,  but  at  least  50  tons  were  in  sight. 

The  Rock  Wren  claim  is  on  government  land.  It  was  being  worked 
by  contract  for  $4.00  per  ton  for  ore  carrying  30-35%  Cr^Oa  and  $15 
per  ton  for  ore  of  35%  and  over.  The  ore  body  was  2'  mde  and  from 
50'  to  60'  long,  and  at  least  83  tons  of  chromite  were  in  sight. 

The  Second  Thought  claim  is  on  government  land.  About  10  tons  of 
ore  were  exposed  by  a  body  20"  wide,  10'  long  and  4'  deep. 

"When  visited  in  May,  1917,  thirteen  miners  were  employed  at  $3.25 
per  day.  About  one  ton  per  man  was  being  taken  out  each  day.  Haul- 
ing to  Clovis  from  the  Clara  II.  patent  cost  $5.50  per  ton,  while  hauling 
from  the  Rock  Wren  claim  cost  $4.00  per  ton  with  75  cents  per  ton  for 
sledding. 


10— 3S958 


146  CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 

New  Mills.     Since  the  field  work  for  this  report  was  completed,  we", 
have  been  advised  of  plans  for  the  early  eonstrnetion  of  three  chromite' 
concentrating  plants.     These  will  be  built  by  C.  E.  McBride  of  Sanger, 
L.  R.  Payne,  Associated  Warehouse,  Fresno,  and  C.  S.  Snow,  Academy. 

GLENN  COUNTY. 

Deposits  of  chromite  occur  in  the  serpentine  belt  which  follows  the' 
eastern  slope  of  the  Coast  Range  Mountains,  down  through  Tehama, 
Glenn,  Lake  and  Napa  counties.  All  of  the  chrome  produced  in  Glenn 
County  was  mined  from  the  Black  Diamond  Group  described  below. 
Other  deposits  have  been  located,  but  they  have  as  yet  yielded  no 
commercial  output.  Prospecting  for  chromite  will  undoubtedly  dis- 
close other  bodies, -as  the  soil  in  the  water  courses  of  the  serpentine 
areas  often  contains  considerable  chromite.  The  belt  in  which  the 
serpentine  occurs  is  rather  rugged  and  covered  with  shrubbery,  so 
that  prospecting  is  difficult. 

The  Black  Diamond  Group,  comprising  14  mineral  claims,  is  in 
Section  25,  T.  22  N.,  R.  7  AV.,  18  miles  by  road  northwest  of  Fruto, 
the  shipping  point.  The  deposits  lie  near  the  summit  of  Red  Hill,  over 
1000  ft.  in  elevation  above  the  bunkers  at  the  foot  of  the  mountain. 
Chrome  ore  was  first  mined  here  by  J.  R.  Whitlock  and  F.  Oakes,  during 
the  early  nineties,  and  up  to  1894  over  3000  tons  were  shipped  out. 
The  property  then  lay  idle  until  it  was  taken  over  by  the  present 
owners  in  1916.  It  was  worked  part  of  that  year  and  late  in  the  fall  all 
operations  ceased.     It  is  again  idle. 

The  deposits  occur  in  the  form  of  large  irregular  lenses  in  ser- 
pentine, the  chromite  often  being  so  intermixed  with  the  country 
rock  that  there  is  no  sharp  line  of  demarcation  between  them.  The  limits 
of  the  ore  bodies  are  determinable  solely  by  their  commercial  value. 
Five  dififerent  deposits  have  thus  far  been  developed,  the  richer  parts 
having  been  exhausted.  There  now  remains  considerable  ore  which 
probably  contains  less  than  30%  chromic  oxide,  in  the  several  irreg- 
ular open  cuts  or  quarries.  The  largest  body  of  chromite  now  exposed 
is  on  the  Black  Diamond  claim.  Small  crystals  of  chromite  are  irreg- 
ularly disseminated  throughout  the  walls  of  an  open  cut,  whose  face 
is  25  to  40  ft.  high  and  about  60  ft.  across.  It  is  absolutely  impossible 
to  determine  the  amount  of  this  ore  available,  as  there  has  been  no 
further  development.  Undoubtedly  sufficient  tonnages  could  be  devel- 
oped to  warrant  concentration  of  the  low  grade  ore,  which  would  increase 
its  value  and  make  it  easily  marketable.  Water  for  milling  purposes 
would  have  to  be  brought  in  from  the  valley  below,  as  there  are  only 
a  couple  of  small  springs  on  the  claims. 


' 


MANGANESE   AND    CHROMIUM. 


147 


The  ore  was  liauled  down  the  inountaiii  sid(>  by  trains,  as  tlic  grades 
are  too  heavy  for  the  operation  of  motor  trueks.  It  was  dumped  into 
bunkers  below  and  there  loaded  into  the  trueks  for  the  haul  to  Fruto. 
The  old  wagon  road  about  two  miles  up  the  mountaiu  side  has  been 
washed  out  and  would  practically  have  to  be  rebuilt  before  any  hauling 
could  be  done  over  it.  Owner,  California  Chrome  Company,  Kohl  Bldg., 
San  Francisco;  J.  B.  Huffard  is  president. 

Bibl.:  Repts.  XII,  p.  36;  XIV,  p.  194;  Bull.  38,  p.  268. 


Photo    No.   28.       Black   Diamond    Chrome    Mine,    Glenn    County,    being   worked    by   the 

California    Chrome    Company. 

Conklin  and  Williams  Claims.  Wells  Conklin  and  Ed  Williams  of 
Xewville,  Cal.,  located  two  claims  in  Sec.  3,  T.  22  N.,  R.  7  W.,  30  miles 
west  of  Orland.  There  is  a  good  auto  road  to  the  Conklin  Ranch  house, 
two  miles  from  the  claims,  which  are  reached  over  a  poor  trail.  The 
chromite  occurs  as  small  bunches  or  lenses  in  the  serpentine.  On  the 
Salt  Creek  claim,  a  small  open  cut  4  ft.  across  exposes  an  orebody 
2  ft.  in  width.  About  one  ton  of  ore  is  lying  on  the  dump.  At  the 
Twin  Rock  Claim,  three-fourths  of  a  mile  north  of  the  former,  six  small 
]('n.ses  were  mined  yielding  about  100  tons  of  high  grade  ore.  It  is 
lying  on  the  various  dumps.  J.  A.  Heslewood  of  Oakland,  has  a  lease 
on  these  claims  but  they  were  not  being  worked  when  visited  and  no 
<ire  had  been  shipped. 


I 


148  CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 

HUMBOLDT   COUNTY. 

Horse  Mountain  Copper  Mine.  Since  the  closing  of  the  field  work 
for  this  bulletin,  reports  state  that  a  deposit  of  chromite  has  been 
opened  up  in  the  serpentine  area  on  the  property  of  the  Horse  Moun- 
tain Copper  Company,  about  25  miles  N.  of  E.  from  Eureka ;  and  that 
shipments  of  ore  are  being  made. 

LAKE    COUNTY. 

The  occurrence  of  chromite  in  Lake  County  was  known  previous  to 
1888*  but  the  deposits  up  to  within  the  last  few  j^ears  were  of  no  par-l 
ticular  commercial  importance,  due  to  their  great  distance  from  ship-l 
ping  points.  Lake  County  is  not  traversed  by  a  railroad,  so  that  all 
freight  to  or  from  the  county  is  hauled  by  teams  or  motor  trucks  from 
points  in  the  Napa  Valley,  or  from  stations  along  the  Northwestern 
Pacific  Ilailroad  in  Mendocino  County.  This  necessarily  makes  freight 
rates  high  and  the  deposits  could  only  be  worked  under  the  most  ad- 
vantageous market  conditions. 

Commercial  production  started  in  1916,  and  the  county  is  at  present 
an  important  producer.  Production  was  stimulated  by  the  Sawyer  Tan- 
ning Companj',  who  having  a  plant  at  tidewater  at  Napa,  use  the 
chromite  for  acid  compounds  in  tanning  purposes.  Practically  all  of, 
the  chromite  now  mined  in  the  county  is  shipped  to  the  tannery  at  Napa, 
the  Sawyer  Tanning  Company,  itself,  mining  under  leases  most  of  the 
deposits. 

The  chromite  occurs  as  lenses  of  hard  black  ore,  containing  little  or  no  . 
serpentine  and  having  a  sharp  contact  with  the  surrounding  serpen-  ' 
tine.  It  is  high  grade,  usually  averaging  over  45%  chromic  oxide.  The 
lenses  vary  in  size  from  small  pockets  to  bodies  of  several  hundred  tons. 
Of  the  latter,  however,  only  two  have  thus  far  been  uncovered.  As  the 
serpentine  areas  are  very  extensive  throughout  the  county,  further 
prospecting  will  undoubtedly  reveal  others. 

Arthur  Copsey  et  al.,  of  Middletown,  recently  located  three  claims  i 
in  the  southwest  quarter  of  Sec.  33,  T.  12  N.,  R.  7  W.,  23  miles  north 
of  Calistoga,  the  nearest  railroad  station,  and  eight  miles  east  of 
Middletown.  The  chromite  here  occurs  in  the  decomposed  serpentine 
along  the  top  of  a  ridge,  as  small  stringers  varying  from  2"  to  1'  in 
width.  The  general  trend  of  these  stringers  is  north  and  south,  and  they 
appear  to  be  entirely  superficial.  Chromite  sand  is  very  abundant  in 
the  soil  capping  over  the  ridge,  particularly  in  the  water  courses,  due 
to  the  disintegration  and  Avashing  away  of  the  weathered  serpentine,  but 
no  large  deposits  have  been  found.  The  owners  are  mining  the  few 
small  deposits  by  shallow  trenches,  and  have  about  25  tons  of  ore  on  the 


*Cal.  State  Min.  Bur.,  Report  VIIL  P-  326. 


MANGANESE    AND    CHROMIUM.  149 


L.„ .„„... 

'  to  the  old  wagon  road,  whence  it  can  be  hauled  by  team  to  Calistoga. 
No  ore  has,  as  yet,  been  shipped. 

Fuqua  and  Bell  Mine.    See  Lucky  Strike  Mine. 

Great  Western  Mine.     A  deposit  of  chromite  is  being  developed  at 

.  this  property  which  for  many  years  was  a  large  producer  of  quicksilver. 

It  is  in  Sec.  16,  T.  10  N.,  R.  7  W.,  16  miles  by  road  north  of  Calistoga. 

The  orebody  occurs  in  decomposed  serpentine  on  the  steep  slopes  of  a 

ii  ridge  at  an  elevation  of  2350  ft.,  and  several  hundred  feet  above  the  old 

j  quicksilver  mine  workings.     It  is  in  the  form  of  an  irregular  lens  of 

black  chromite,  very  much  fractured,  and  it  breaks  readily,  being  easily 

mined  by  pick  and  shovel.     In  the  face  of  the  open  cut,  by  which 

it  is  being  excavated,  was  exposed  from  3'  to  5  ft.  of  ore,  over  a  length 

of  15  feet,  striking  east  and  west.    At  the  east  end  it  divides  into  three 

parallel  stringers,  each  about  one  foot  wide.    These  have  been  followed 

for  50  ft.  along  their  strike.    There  is  a  very  heavy  overburden  here  and 

as  the  slope  of  the  hill  is  over  45°,  it  is  rapidly  becoming  heavier,  so 

that,  for  every  ton  of  ore  excavated,  ten  tons  or  more  of  dirt  have  to 

be  moved.     Tunneling  is  impossible,  as  the  country  rock  is  soft  and 

decomposed  that  heavy  timbering  would  be  necessary,  and  there  is  not 

sufficient  ore  exposed  to  warrant  such  expense. 

To  date  about  125  tons  of  ore  have  been  shipped  to  the  Sawyer 
Tanning  Company.  It  averaged  from  45%  to  50%  chromic  oxide. 
The  ore  is  hauled  by  six-horse  teams  to  Calistoga  at  a  cost  of  $5.00  per 
ton.  Four  men  are  employed.  Henry  Tucker  et  al.,  of  Calistoga, 
started  operations  in  January,  1917,  under  lease  from  the  owners, 
Newhall  Estate  of  San  Francisco. 

Harp  and  Sons  Ranch.  The  Sawyer  Tanning  Company  have 
developed  several  rich  pockets  of  chromite  on  this  property,  which  is 
in  Section  20,  T.  11  N.,  R.  7  W.,  3  miles  northwest  of  Middletown  on 
the  Harbin  Springs  road.  Fifty  tons  of  ore,  which  is  reported  to  have 
run  from  50%  to  52%  chromic  oxide,  were  recently  mined  in  open  cuts 
from  a  few  lenses  which  have  been  exhausted.  The  company  is  pros- 
pecting in  the  serpentine  areas  for  other  deposits.  H.  W.  "Westendorf 
is  in  charge  of  the  mining  operations  for  the  company. 

Lucky  Strike  Mine.  It  is  in  IMorgan  Valley,  in  Section  24,  T.  12  N., 
R.  6  W.,  60  miles  by  road  north  of  Napa,  at  an  elevation  of  about  2800 
ft.  above  sea  level.  The  deposit  was  located  in  1916,  by  T.  F.  Fuqua 
and  R.  E.  Bell  of  Lower  Lake,  and  450  tons  of  high  grade  chromite 
was  hauled  out  to  the  Sawyer  Tanning  Company's  plant  that  year. 
In  April,  1917,  it  was  taken  under  lease  by  the  above  mentioned  com- 
pany, who,  up  to  date,  have  produced  over  700  tons  of  ore  which  is  said 


150 


CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREALT. 


Photo  No.  29.      Open  cut  at  Lucky  Strike   (Fuqua  and  Bell)   Chrome  Mine,  Lake  County. 


JUa, 


^^^ 


Si— ^i^j^r^^; 


,    C    V 


Photo   No.   .•^0.      Ore  ready  for  shipment  at   Fuqua  and   Bell   Chrome  Mine,   Lake   County.      ^ 


MANGANESE   AND   CHROMIUM.  151 

to  average  over  45%  chromic  oxide.  The  greater  portion  of  thi.s  was 
mined  in  a  large  cut  from  one  bod^^  The  cut  is  60  ft.  long,  and  the 
deposit  varied  up  to  8  ft.  in  width.  AYhen  visited,  it  had  almost  been 
exhausted,  as  there  was  little  ore  remaining  exposed  in  that  i^^orking. 
Several  smaller  kidneys  are  being  developed,  and  there  are  numerous 
small  boulders  of  the  chromite  lying  in  the  soft  soil  over  the  property, 
which  embraces  throe  mineral  claims.  About  200  tons  of  ore  were 
piled  at  the  platform  below  the  mine  ready  to  be  shipped. 

The  ore  is  hauled  down  the  mountainside  about  :}  mile  by  teams 
to  a  loading  platform,  whence  it  is  loaded  into  auto  trucks  and  hauled 
to  Napa  at  a  cost  of  48.00  per  ton.  Ten  men  are  employed.  II.  W. 
Westendorf  is  Superintendent. 

LOS  ANGELES  COUNTY. 

".  Chromite  is  but  little  known  in  Los  Angeles  County.  Only  two  occur- 
rences have  been  reported ;  one  of  which  is  one  mile  west  of  Harold  Sta- 
tion on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  in  T.  5  N.,  E.  11  W.,  S.  B.  B.  &  M. 
The  owner  of  one  claim  located  on  the  deposit  is  Nick  Evert,  1027  W. 
Sixteenth  St.,  Los  Angeles. 

Another  is  said  to  be  quite  close  to  the  railroad  station  at  Acton, 
T.  5  N.,  R.  13  W.     The  ownership  of  this  is  unknown. 

Bibl. :  Cal.  State  :\Iin.  Rept.  XV.     The  Mineral  Resources  of  Los 
Angeles  County,  1916. 

MARIPOSA    COUNTY. 

Purcell-Griffin  Mine.  Shipments  of  chromite  Avere  begun  early  in 
May,  1918,  bj^  Thos.  Purcell  and  Geo.  Griffin  from  a  deposit  near 
Pleasant  Valley  station  on  the  Yosemite  Valley  Railroad,  southeast  of 
Coulterville.  This  is  the  first  production  of  chromite,  of  record,  from 
Mariposa  County.  It  is  reasonable  to  expect  that  others  may  follow, 
as  there  are  a  number  of  serpentine  lenses  associated  Avith  the  Mother 
Lode  gold  belt  in  this  county,  similarly  to  the  occurrences  in  the 
districts  to  the  north  of  this. 

MENDOCINO     COUNTY. 

A  few  deposits  of  chromite  are  being  developed  in  this  county,  but 
to  date  there  has  been  no  production.  The  deposits  are  all  rather  inac- 
cessible, usually  being  located  close  to  the  summits  of  high  mountain 
ranges.  The  serpentine  areas  in  which  they  occur  are  extensive,  par- 
ticularly in  the  vicinity  of  Big  Red  ^Mountain,  near  the  northwestern 
border  of  the  county.  The  difficulty  with  most  of  the  ore  is  its  low 
grade,  the  richer  ore  occurring  as  small  irregular  veins  or  bunches  in 
tiiese  low  grade  bodies.  AVithout  concentration,  these  deposits  will 
not  become  important  producers,  as  the  rich  pockets  are  too  small  and 


152 


CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING  BUREAU. 


irregularly  deposited  thronghout  the  serpentine  areas  to  supply  any' 
large  demand. 

Big  Red  Mountain  Deposits.  This  mountain  covering  Sections  18, 
19,  20,  29,  30,  31  and  32,  T.  21  N.,  R.  16  W.,  is  capped  with  a  soft,  red, 
decomposed  serpentine  soil  in  which  occur  abundant  chromite  boulders 
and  sand.  This  has  led  to  the  belief  that  there  are  large  bodies  of 
chromite  beneath,  and,  as  a  result,  over  a  hundred  claims  have  been 
located.     Those  holding  claims  here  at  present  are:  •{ 


Photo    No.    31. 


Summit   of   Red    Mountain,    Mendocino    County,    showing  location   of   largest 
lens   of   chromite  found   there. 


Frank  Asbil,  Alex.  Guthrie,  and  Mrs.  Frank  Root,  Alder  Point,  Cal.,  - 
45  claims. 

E.  Frazer  of  Cummings,  16  claims. 

R.  E.  Roach  of  Cummings,  26  claims. 

E.  Winter,  522  Hearst  Bldg.,  San  Francisco,  30  claims. 

During  the  summer,  development  work  was  being  done  at  the 
Asbil,  Guthrie  and  Root  claims.  These  extend  along  the  summit  of 
the  ridge  for  over  a  mile,  varying  in  elevation  from  4300  to  4700  feet 
above  sea  level.  The  State  Highway  from  Longvale  to  Garberville 
(now  in  course  of  construction)  passes  1  mile  west  of  the  group.  The 
claims  are  now  reached  by  trail,  3  miles  long  from  the  Cummings- 


MANGANESE   AND    CHROMIUM. 


153 


Alderpoint  Road.  The  nearest  railroad  station  is  Longvale,  approx- 
imately 30  miles  by  road  to  the  sonth.  Considerable  float  is  found  over 
the  mountain,  and  the  soil  shows  traces  of  the  chromite  sand  through- 
out the  claims.  The  owners  state  that  the  chromite  content  in  this 
soil  varies  from  1  to  2%.  Ten  lenses  of  high  grade  ore  have,  to  date, 
been  uncovered.     The  largest  of  tliese  is  exposed  by  a  shallow  cut,  over" 


Photo   No.   32.      Asbil   &    Guthrie   Chrome   Claims,    Mendocino   County.     Trench 
exposes  a  lens  of  high-grade  chromite,  4'   wide  and   10'  long. 

"an  area  30  ft.  wide  and  60  ft.  long.  The  depth  is  unknown,  but  it 
appears  to  be  in  the  form  of  a  blanket  lying  almost  flat,  and  will  prob- 
ably not  be  over  a  few  feet  in  thickness.  The  other  pockets  or  lenses 
are  exposed  by  trenches.  They  are  all  small,  varying  from  1  to  3  feet 
in  width  and  up  to  6  feet  in  length.  About  30  tons  of  the  high  grade 
black  chromite  are  lying  on  the  several  dumps.  Samples  of  this  ore 
assayed  by  the  Pacific  Coast  Steel  Company  showed  55.38%  chromic 
oxide  and  0.68%  silica.     The  owners  expect  to  ship  out  the  high  grade 


154 


CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 


ore  and  concentrate  the  richer  portions  of  the  soil.  Water  for  concen- 
tration purposes  can  be  obtained  from  a  large  flowing  spring  on  the 
property.  This  is  said  to  flow  throughout  the  year.  No  concentration 
tests  have,  as  yet,  been  made,  and  it  is  very  doubtful  whether  this 
property  will  develop  into  a  producer  in  the  immediate  future. 

Graham  Deposit.     A  group  of  nine  claims  was  located  in  1916  by 
W.  S.  Graham  of  Ukiah,  4  miles  northeast  of  Largo  Station,  near  the 


Photo   No.   33.     Large   cropping   of   serpentine   impregnated  with   minute    chromite 

crystals,  on  the   Noble  Electric  Steel  Company's  lease,  near  the  summit 

of  Red   Mountain,   southeast  of  Ukiah,   Mendocino   County. 

summit  of  a  ridge,  which  forms  the  divide  between  INIendoeino  and 
Lake  counties  at  this  point.  The  elevation  is  4200  ft.  above  sea  level, 
over  3000  ft.  above  the  floor  of  the  valley.  An  old  wagon  road  leads 
to  Avithin  1  mile  of  the  claims,  but  it  would  have  to  be  repaired  before 
any  hauling  could  be  done  over  it. 


MANGANESE    AND    CHROMIUM. 


155 


,  The  cliromite  occurs  as  small  particles  disseminated  through  ser- 
"  pentine,  which  outcrops  along  the  top  of  the  ridge  in  well  defined 
ledges,  striking  northwest  and  southeast.  In  places  there  are  stringers 
(  and  kidneys  of  the  gray  ore,  which  appears  to  be  fairly  high  grade,  but 
these  are  irregularly  distributed  and  grade  imperceptibly  into  the  ser- 
pentine. Judging  from  the  amount  of  the  low  grade  ore  exposed  in 
the   croppings,   which   can   be   traced   at   intervals  for  about  ^   mile, 


Photo    No.    34.       Tunnel    at    Noble    Electric    Steel    Company's    Red    Mountain 
lease,  driven  to  crosscut  ledge  shown  in   Photo   No.   33. 

this  property  should  offer  a  good  field  for  concentration.  The  Noble 
Electric  Steel  Company  of  San  Francisco  are  developing  three  of  the 
claims  under  a  lease.  Development  Avork  consists  of  a  dozen  small 
cuts  and  trenches  along  the  outcrops  from  which  about  100  tons  of  ore, 
which  it  is  reported  assays  26%  chromic  oxide,  were  mined.  Some  rich 
l>ockets  were  encountered  and  probably  20  tons  of  ore  which  will  go 
l)etter  than  40%  chromic  oxide,  are  lying  on  the  dumps.  The  company 
is  now  driving  a  tunnel  to  cut  a  ledge  which  outcrops  for  several  hun- 


L 


156  CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 

dred  feet,  carrying  considerable  chromite  disseminated  through  it.  It 
is  reported  that  the  leaser  is  trying  to  block  out  sufficient  low  grade  ore 
to  warrant  the  construction  of  a  small  concentration  plant.  Water  for 
milling  purposes  is  available  in  2  large  flowing  springs,  a  couple  of 
hundred  feet  below  the  workings.  Three  men  are  employed.  Eay 
Rennick  of  Ukiah  is  foreman. 

Little  Red  Mountain.  Deposits  of  chromite  occur  on  this  mountain 
which  lies  directly  north  of  Big  Red  Mountain,  being  separated  from 
it  by  Cedar  Creek,  a  tributary  of  the  Eel  River.  Conditions  here  are 
the  same  as  at  Big  Red  Mountain,  and  at  the  present  writing,  no  devel- 
opment work  has  been  done  on  the  claims  located.  It  is  reported  that 
only  one  lens  of  ore  has  been  found  in  place,  but  chromite  float  and 
sand  are  abundant  over  the  slopes.  Charles  Artward,  George  Kindred, 
and  J.  M.  ]\IcKnight  of  Covelo,  recently  located  four  claims  here. 

W.  E.  Shields  of  Covelo,  has  gathered  about  30  tons  of  high  grade 
chrome  ore,  said  to  assay  over  50%  chromic  oxide,  that  he  found  lying 
over  the  surface  in  an  area  of  serpentine  in  Section  11,  T.  23  N.,  R.  11 
W.,  25  miles  northeast  of  Dos  Rios.  No  ore  has  as  yet  been  uncovered 
in  place.  The  region  is  very  inaccessible,  being  over  5  miles  to  the 
nearest  road  and  in  a  rugged  region.  Two  claims  have  been  located 
here  and  the  owner  expects  to  do  some  prospecting  work  during  the 
summer.     The  ore  has  not  been  shipped  out. 

Occurrences  of  chrome  ore  are  reported  at  several  localities  along 
the  Middle  Fork  of  the  Eel  River  and  its  tributaries,  but  they  are  too 
inaccessible  to  be  commercially  important  and  are  undeveloped. 

MONTEREY   COUNTY. 

Occasional  small  masses  and  float  of  chromite  have  been  found  in  the 
serpentine  of  Table  Mountain  near  Parkfield.  So  far,  none  has 
yielded  a  commercial  production. 

There  are  possibilities  of  locating  chromite  deposits  in  the  south- 
western corner  of  Monterey  County,  in  the  northerly  extensions  of 
the  serpentine  areas  noted  in  San  Luis  Obispo  County  to  the  south.* 

NAPA  COUNTY. 

Chrome  Center  Claim.  It  is  in  Section  36,  T.  10  N.,  R.  5  W.,  22  miles 
north  of  Rutherford,  the  nearest  railroad  station.  The  Walters  Springs 
road  goes  within  one  mile  of  the  claim,  which  is  reached  by  trail  from 
the  Springs.  A  fairly  high  grade  body  of  massive  gray  chromite  occurs 
in  a  lens  in  serpentine.  It  is  developed  by  an  open  cut  20  ft.  long,  show- 
ing in  places,  5  ft.  of  ore.  About  30  tons  have  been  mined  and  are  lying 
on  the  dump.  Seventy-five  yards  east  of  this  cut,  there  is  another  crop- 
ping of  chrome  ore,  but  it  is  small  and  has  not  been  developed.     This 


I 


*Since  the  above  was  written,  the  Daisy  Chrome  Co.  reports  it  is  developing  a  body 
of  chromite  near  Jolon  and  has  1000-1200  tons  in  sight.     Ben  Williams,  Jr.,  is  manager. 


MANGANESE   AND    CHROMIUM.  157 

is  a  very  recent  location  and  the  owner  expects  to  do  some  further 
work  to  expose  the  ore  body,  with  the  purpose  of  selling  or  leasing  it  on 
a  royalty  basis.  Roy  W.  Wallace,  Pope  Valley,  Cal.,  is  the  owner. 
W  Cigarette — Placer  Chrome  Mine,  W.  N.  Noel,  Montebello,  owner. 
This  prospect  is  in  the  Knoxville  district,  35  miles  from  the  railroad 
at  Winters,  Yolo  County,  and  was  located  in  the  fall  of  1917.  A  depth 
of  35  feet  on  the  vein  has  been  driven,  and  the  ore  is  stated  to  show 
48%  CroOg. 

Sullinger  Prospect.  A  small  lens  of  high  grade  chrome  ore  occurs 
on  a  side  hill  300  ft.  north  of  and  above  Conn  Creek,  five  miles  east  of 
Rutherford,  on  the  Pope  Valley  Road.  It  is  exposed  in  a  pit  sunk 
6  ft.,  showing  a  pocket  3  ft.  long  and  6  to  18  inches  wide.  Six  feet 
west  of  the  pit,  a  small  cut  was  made,  this  cuts  the  lens,  but  no  further 
work  has  been  done  on  it.  About  500  lbs.  of  ore  are  lying  on  the  dump. 
The  r)roperty  is  idle.    W.  Kilpatrick  of  Oakville,  is  agent. 

I 

NEVADA  COUNTY. 

The  Mount  Hill  chrome  mine  is  in  Sec.  13,  T.  17  N.,  R.  10  E., 
M.  D.  M.,  south  of  Washington,  near  the  road  to  Nevada  City,  at  an 
elevation  of  4160'.    It  is  owned  by  George  Scott  of  Washington. 

About  thirty  tons  of  45%  chrome  ore  had  been  taken  from  a  lens 
striking  N.  10°  E.  and  pitching  65°  E.  Development  work  consisted 
of  a  pit  6'  wide,  10'  deep  and  14'  long,  showing  an  ore  on  the  south  face 
4'  wide  and  5'  high,  opened  for  5'  along  the  orebody.  From  a  small 
area  14'  farther  south,  along  the  strike  of  the  orebody,  a  6'  pit  about  8' 
square  has  yielded  6  tons  of  float  chrome ;  clay  was  being  worked  in  the 
bottom  with  hopes  of  striking  more  ore  below.    No  ore  had  been  shipped. 

jfe    The  Moscatelli  property,  on  Poorman's  Creek,  is  in  Sec.  1,  T.  17  N., 
R.  10  E.,  M.  D.  M.,  two  miles  northwest  of  Washington,  at  an  elevation 

i    of  2960'.     It  is  owned  by  Peter  Moscatelli  and  H.  0.  Kohler  of  Wash- 

[    mgton. 

A  lenticular  body  of  chromite  in  serpentine  was  striking  N.  15°  W.  on 
the  south  slope  of  a  spur  ridge  on  the  west  side  of  Poorman's  Creek. 
The  ore  body  was  8'  wide  in  the  center,  at  the  surface,  and  pinched  at 
a  distance  of  10'  to  the  south ;  it  took  the  form  of  an  irregular  slabt  at  a 
distance  of  10'  to  the  north.  Twenty  tons  of  ore  had  been  mined,  which 
would  probably  average  45%  CroOg ;  considerable  wall  rock  Avas  added 
during  the  last  work,  which  probably  lowered  the  average  percentage 
considerably.  An  assay  of  the  surface  ore  is  said  to  have  shown  54% 
Cr,03. 

Nevada  Comity  Chrome  Company,  Nevada  City.  F.  S.  Morgan, 
mgr.  Ten  1200  pound  stamps  of  the  old  Oustomah  mill,  on  the  edge  of 
town,  have  been  pressed  into  service  for  crushing  chromite  ore.     The 


158  CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 

stamps  are  fitted  with  15-inesh  screens  and  crush  four  tons  of  ore  each 
in  24  hours.  From  a  Ilendy  classifier  the  fines  and  slimes  are  sent  over 
two  Johnson  belt  concentrators  (also  part  of  the  equipment  formerly 
used  in  quartz  milling)  and  the  coarse  pulp  goes  to  an  Overstrom 
concentrator.  Middlings  are  to  be  returned  by  a  bucket  elevator  to  the 
classifier  for  concentration  on  a  separate  Overstrom  table,  now  being 
installed. 

As  soon  as  this  mill  is  in  successful  operation  Mr.  Morgan  plans  to 
build  another  plant  at  the  company's  mines  near  Limekiln.  The  Ous- 
tomah  plant  will  then  be  operated  as  a  custom  mill. 

The  Redledge  chrome  mine  is  in  Sec.  13,  T.  17  N.,  R.  10  E.,  M.  D.  M., 
one  mile  south  of  Washington,  at  an  elevation  of  3740'.  It  is  on  the 
property  of  the  Eedledge  gold  mine,  owned  by  Williamson  Bros,  and 
Cl.yde  Cole  of  Washington. 

Development  Avork  has  been  carried  on  near  the  road  from  Nevada 
City  to  Washington.  On  the  east  side  of  the  road  an  open  cut  has  been 
made  on  the  side  hill  from  2'  to  14'  deep  and  40'  long,  along  a  strike  of 
N.  60°  W.  About  70  tons  of  ore,  averaging  over  42%,  were  produced 
and  from  all  appearances  the  workings  should  yield  a  greater  tonnage 
Avith  depth. 

On  the  west  side  of  the  road,  on  the  upper  face  of  the  slope  of  the 
hill,  is  an  open  cut  30'  deep  and  50'  long  on  a  body  of  ore  which  was 
20'  wide  at  the  top  and  10"  wide  in  the  bottom.  About  600  tons  of  ore 
had  been  produced  and  it  appeared  likely  that  the  ore  body  would 
continue  through  the  hill.  An  ore  .shoot  2'  Avide  and  8'  long  Avas  ex- 
posed at  a  distance  of  from  6'  to  8'  northeast  of  the  main  Avorkings  and 
looked  as  though  it  might  unite  Avith  it  in  depth. 

The  air  compressor  at  the  Redledge  gold  mine  furnishes  power  for  a 
150'  incline  hoist  and  for  drills. 

The  Turtledove  chrome  property  is  in  Sec.  1,  T.  17  N.,  R.  10  E., 
M.  D.  M.,  at  an  elevation  of  2780',  about  one  mile  northwest  of  Wash- 
ington. It  consists  of  one  claim  OAvned  by  Walter  Niles,  Fred  Miller  and 
H.  O.  Kohler  of  Washington. 

Development  AA'ork  had  been  done  on  a  spur  ridge  on  the  east  side  of 
Poorman's  Creek.  On  the  south  side  of  the  ridge  about  20  tons  of  good 
ore  had  been  taken  from  a  lens  striking  N.  10°  E.  -,  it  had  been  opened  up 
by  a  cut  4'  deep,  2'  to  4'  Avide,  and  25'  long.  On  the  north  side  of  the 
ridge,  75'  north  of  the  other  AA'orkings,  a  prospect  hole  6'  long,  4'  AA-ide 
and  5'  deep  had  found  only  traces  of  chromite  along  a  north-south  seam 
in  the  serppntine.  An  assay  of  a  sample  of  ore  taken  near  the  surface  is 
said  to  haA'e  run  52.16%  Cr^Oa. 

The  Woil  property  is  reported  to  lie  tAvo  miles  northeast  of  Grass 
Valley.     Ten  tons  of  ore  are  said  to  average  56.68%  Cr.Og  were  pro- 


MANGANESE   AND    CHROMIUM.  159 

(luced,  but  no  more  ore  was  found.     The  ore  was  purchased  by  T.  F. 
Ilogan  of  Grass  YalU\v. 

The  Wolf,  or  Limekiln,  elirouie  deiiosit  is  Id  Sec.  4,  T.  14  X.,  R.  8  E., 
at  an  elevation  of  1480',  14  miles  northwest  of  Auburn.  The  property 
is  owned  by  H.  Thompson  of  Wolf,  and  leased  by  Guy  Walsh  and 
Mr.  Hall  of  Auburn. 

A  series  of  chrome  lenses  strike  N.  40°  W.  and  pitch  80°  NE.  The 
main  working  consists  of  a  pit  4'  wide  by  8'  to  10'  long  by  10'  deep. 
The  ore  exposed  on  the  foot  wall  i.s  granular  and  carries  considerable 
silica.  The  solid  orebody  carries  a  fine  grained  mixture  of  chrome  and 
magnetite.  About  30'  southeast  of  this  is  another  pit  3'  wide  by  6'  long 
by  10'  deep,  in  which  a  cross-stringer  has  been  opened  up  along  the 
southeast  end ;  this  stringer  was  exposed  14"  Avide  by  4'  long  by  4'  deep 
and  struck  in  a  northwesterly  direction ;  it  had  been  traced  for  75' 
farther  northward  by  an  open  cut  from  2'  to  3'  deep.  About  one-half 
of  the  ore  exposed  had  been  mined.  It  is  reported  that  H.  C.  Schrober 
of  Nevada  City,  shipped  55  tons  of  35%  ore  from  this  property  in  1916. 

A  carload  of  chrome  ore  is  reported  to  have  been  shipped  from  the 
Sweet  ranch,  one  mile  south  of  the  Thompson  ranch,  in  1916.  It  is  also 
reported  that  there  is  considerable  low  grade  chrome  in  the  N.  ^  of  the 
NE.  -1  of  Sec.  16,  T.  16  N.,  R.  8  E.,  three  miles  northwest  of  Grass 
Valley. 

PLACER  COUNTY.' 

p  The  Bunker  property  is  in  Sec.  21,  T.  14  N.,  R.  11  E.,  M.  D.  M.,  at 
an  elevation  of  3260',  one  mile  northwest  of  Michigan  Bluff.  It  is 
owned  by  H.  H.  Bunker  of  JMichigan  Bluff  and  was  leased  by  the  Union 
Chrome  Company  of  San  Francisco. 

Lenses  and  chimneys  of  chromite  occurring  in  serpentine  have  been 
developed  by  tunnels,  shafts,  and  open  cuts.  At  an  elevation  of  3260' 
a  64'  tunnel  has  been  run  east-west ;  18"  of  ore  is  exposed  for  12'  along 
the  roof.  The  ore  averaged  about  40%,  of  which  there  was  approxi- 
mately 60  tons  in  a  pile  and  about  10  tons  in  sight  in  the  tunnel.  At  an 
elevation  of  3250'  a  short  10'  tunnel  was  being  run  along  the  same  ore 
body,  exposing  it  4'  wide  and  10'  long;  about  35  tons  of  ore  were  in 
sight. 

At  an  elevation  of  3280'  a  50'  tunnel  had  exposed  an  ore  body  40' 
long  striking  east-west.  The  body  pinches  out  in  the  face  of  the  tun- 
nel, but  is  exposed  30"  wide  for  a  distance  of  30'  along  both  the  floor 
and  roof  of  the  tunnel.  About  100  tons  of  45%  ore  were  piled  and 
there  was  at  least  65  tons  in  sight  to  be  mined. 

At  an  elevation  of  3310'  a  chimney-like  body  of  ore  was  opened  up 
by  a  10'  open  cut  6'  wide,  on  whicli  some  work  had  been  done  in  former 
years.     The  chimney  was  3'  in  diameter  and  about  10  tons  of  ore, 


160  CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 

probably  averaging  from  40-45%  CroOj,  were  in  sight.  About  15  tons 
of  float  chrome  had  been  grubbed  from  an  area  50'  long  down  the  slope 
of  the  hill.  Some  of  this  ore  showed  fine  crj^stals  of  iivarovite,  or 
chrome  garnet. 

On  the  nose  of  the  ridge  at  an  elevation  of  3360'  a  shaft  had  been 
sunk  50'  on  an  ore  body  which  struck  N.  55°  W.  and  pitched  70°  SE. 
Ore  carrying  from  40%  to  45%  CroOg  was  exposed  on  the  northwest 
face  and  on  the  lower  30'  of  the  southeast  face  which  averaged  2'  widf. 
About  60'  tons  had  been  taken  out,  to  date,  of  which  30  tons  were  on  a 
loading  platform.     At  least  30  tons  of  ore  were  in  sight. 

Eight  men  were  employed  at  the  property  on  June  17,  1917,  and  250 
tons  of  ore  had  been  produced. 

The  De  Kruse  property  is  in  the  S.  ^  of  Sec.  30,  T.  15  N.,  R.  11  E., 
M.  D.  M.,  at  an  elevation  of  3600',  4  miles  east  of  Iowa  Hill.  E.  De 
Kruse  owns  6  claims  which  are  timbered  with  sugar  and  yellow  pine. 

Float  chrome  was  being  taken  from  pits  and  open  cuts  less  than  6' 
deep.  About  10  tons  were  piled  for  hauling.  The  ore  occurs  in  a  west- 
erly continuation  of  ore  bodies  being  worked  by  R.  L.  Turner. 

The  Fiddler's  Green  property  is  in  the  NE.  i  of  Sec.  29,  T.  13  N., 
R.  9  E.,  M.  D.  I\r.,  al)Out  2^  miles  south  of  Dodds  and  14  miles  northeast 
of  Auburn.  It  lies  at  an  elevation  of  1450'  on  the  rugged,  steep,  north- 
ern slope  of  the  Middle  Fork  of  the  American  River.  It  was  leased 
by  Messrs  G.  "Walsh  and  Hall  of  Auburn,  who  had  men  employed  to 
develop  it. 

Lenses  of  chrome  occur  along  the  contact  of  serpentine  and  amphi- 
bolite  schist.  At  the  original  location  a  stringer  of  chrome  ore  struck 
N.  80°  E.  at  an  elevation  of  1450'.  It  was  developed  by  four  open  cuts, 
each  4'  deep  and  10'  long  and  by  a  12'  shaft.  The  ore  occurs  in  bunches 
along  the  serpentine  talc  contact;  it  is  fine  grained  and  carries  consid- 
erable magnetite.  About  five  tons  of  32%  ore  were  on  the  dump.  An 
analysis  by  Geo.  A.  James  Co.  of  San  Francisco  follows:  CraOg, 
32.3% ;  SiO,,  13.0%. 

At  an  elevation  of  1400'  an  upper  open  cut  was  18"  deep  and  30' 
long.  The  ore  struck  N.  60°  E.,  pitched  60°  SE.  and  followed  a  small 
veinlet  of  loAV-grade  slip  fiber  asbestos.  About  4  tons  of  low-grade  ore 
were  on  the  dump. 

E.  A.  Garrison  of  Forest  Hill  reports  prospects  of  chrome  on  prop- 
erties one  mile  southeast  of  Forest  Hill.  No  development  work  had 
been  done. 

The  Gas  Canon  property  is  in  the  Spring  Garden  district,  in  Sec.  13, . 
T.  13  N.,  R.  9  E.,  M.  D.  M.,  one  mile  south  of  Dodd's  and  13  mUes  north- 
east of  Auburn,  the  shipping  point.     It  lies  at  an  elevation  of  1750'  in 


MANGANESE   AND    CHROMIUM.  161 

a  rugged  eanou.     Tlie  property  was  being  operated  by  Messrs.  G.  Walsh 
and  Hall  of  Auburn. 

A  chimney  of  chrome  ore,  in  serpentine,  had  been  developed  by  a 
shaft  4'  X  6'  X  10'  deep.  The  ore  was  of  high  grade  and  some  uvarovite, 
or  chrome  garnet,  occurred  with  it.  A  car  of  ore  mixed  with  some  from 
tlie  Green  property  averaged  34%  CrgOj. 

The  Green,  or  American,  property  is  in  the  Spring  Garden  district 
in  tlie  SE.  i  of  Sec.  12,  T.  13  N.,  R.  9  E.,  M.  D.  M.  It  lies  at  an  eleva- 
tion of  1850',  13  miles  northeast  of  Auburn.  It  is  on  property  owned 
by  Jas  G.  Dodds  et  al.,  of  Westville,  and  leased  by  G.  Wal.sh  and  Hall 
of  Auburn. 

A  lens  of  chrome  striking  N.  35°  W.  had  been  followed  by  a  24'  shaft 
with  drifts  12'  long  in  a  NW.-SE.  direction.  No  ore  was  exposed  in 
the  Avorkings.  An  analysis,  of  ore  taken  out,  by  Geo.  A.  James  Co.,  of 
San  Francisco,  follows:  Cr^Os,  21.1%;  SiOj,  12.0%. 

Some  open  cut  work  had  been  done  on  the  Dodd's  property,  in  the 
same  section,  about  ^  mile  southeast  of  the  house.  A  small  amount  of 
low  grade  ore  was  in  sight.  An  assay  of  ore  from  the  southernmost 
pit  follows:  Cr.Oo,  20.4%;  SiO„  18.0%. 
»  In  August,  1918,  it  was  stated  that  this  property  had  been  sold. 
"  The  Linder  and  Hodges  property  lies  in  Sec.  25,  T.  16  N.,  R.  10  E., 
M.  D.  M.,  about  two  miles  northeast  of  Alta.  It  consists  of  a  320-acre 
patent  owned  by  R.  E.  Linder  of  Alta  and  J.  R.  Hodges  of  Towle. 

The  older  workings  are  in  the  NW.  ^  of  Sec.  25  at  an  elevation  of 

3560'.     Development  consisted  of  a  30'  tunnel  and  10'  raise.     About  25 

tons  of  ore  were  taken  from  the  tunnel  and  157  tons  are  said  to  have 

!  been  found  as  float.     This  ore  was  shipped  in  1916  and  the  workings 

had  not  been  opened  up  since. 

About  ^  mile  northeast  of  the  older  workings,  at  an  elevation  of  3950', 
a  vertical  lense  of  chrome  was  found  to  strike  N.  20°  W.  A  portion  of 
the  ore  body  exposed  had  a  face  3'x5'  and  probably  carried  40%  CroOg. 
This  portion  appeared  to  have  slipped  from  about  10'  above,  where 
another  body  2'x3'  of  the  same  ore  was  exposed  in  the  gulch.  Some  ore 
in  stringers  to  the  northward  was  mottled  and  granular  and  probably 
did  not  carry  over  38%  CroOs.  About  10  tons  of  mixed  ore,  which 
would  carry  about  35%  Cr^Oa,  were  piled  for  hauling.  The  wall  rock 
is  sluiced  away  by  water  taken  from  the  Pacific  Gas  and  Electric  Co. 
ditch  at  an  elevation  of  200'  above  the  deposit. 

Ivan  H.  Parker  property.  Prospecting  on  this  land,  6  miles  north 
east  of  Auburn  near  the  Grass  Vallej^  road,  indicated  the  presence  of 
a  large  body  of  concentratable  ore,  estimated  to  carry  18%  to  20% 
chromite  and  outcropping  300'.     Work  has  not  gone  far  enough  to 

11—38958 


162  CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING  BUREAU. 

define  the  diineiisioiis  of  the  body,  but  a  shaft  31  feet  deep,  Avith  a  cross- 
cut 60  feet  from  the  bottom,  Avere  in  ore.  The  owner,  Ivan  H.  Parker 
of  Auburn,  has  leased  to  F.  AV.  McNear,  514  Kohl  Bldg.,  San  Francisco. 
McNear  has  just  installed  a  small  open  air  plant  for  concentrating. 
The  soft  ore  is  fed  without  crushing  into  a  Centralized  ball  mill  of 
50  tons  capacity  and  the  pulp  goes  without  classification  to  Gates  con- 
centrators.   Only  trial  runs  have  been  made  to  date  (May  8,  1918). 

On  the  H.  Scheirmeier  property  at  Michigan  Bluff  a  prospect  of 
chrome  was  found.  The  ore  appeared  to  follow  a  contact  of  serpen- 
tine and  talc  just  back  of  the  house. 

The  Sugar  Pine  chrome  properties  are  in  Sees.  29  and  31  of  T.  15  N., 
R.  11  E.,  M.  D.  M.,  of  the  Damascus  Mining  district.  They  lie  in  a 
wooded  portion  of  the  Forest  Hill  Divide,  at  an  elevation  of  3600', 
about  6  miles  northeast  of  Iowa  Hill.  The  nearest  shipping  point  is 
Colfax,  27^  miles  southwest  by  way  of  Forest  Hill.  Tlie  road  from  Iowa 
Hill  to  Colfax  is  too  steep  for  hauling  purposes.  The  property  is 
owned  by  the  Power  Timber  Company  of  San  Francisco  and  leased  to 
R.  C.  Turner  of  Grass  Valley.  Trucking  of  the  ore  to  Colfax  costs 
$7.50  per  ton. 

Lenses  and  chimnej^s  of  chromite  in  serpentine  are  being  worked  by 
open  cuts  and  inclines.  A  40'  incline  on  See.  29  has  opened  up  an  ore 
body  striking  east-west  and  pitching  30°  S.  The  ore  is  9'  thick  in  the 
face  and  carries  45%  CrgOg.  This  same  ore  continues  northward  for 
50",  where  it  is  said  to  be  3'  thick  at  a  depth  of  40' ;  the  old  workings 
were  full  of  water.  A  steam  boiler  runs  a  pump  for  dew^atering  the 
working  incline.  Six  men  were  employed  at  these  workings  and  1000 
tons  of  ore  had  been  shipped  up  to  June  17,  1917. 

At  an  elevation  of  3600',  in  Sec.  31,  a  16'  shaft  exposes  soil  carrying 
decomposed  chrome  for  a  depth  of  10'  and  solid  chrome  ore  for  the  lower 
6'.  The  ore  bodj^  is  8'  wide,  has  been  opened  up  for  a  distance  of  14', 
and  appears  to  strike  east-west  with  a  pitch  of  50°  to  the  south.  Ap- 
proximately 40  tons  of  ore  had  been  corded,  which  appeared  to  carry 
about  50%  Cr^Og. 

On  a  ridge  about  ^  mile  above  the  last  workings  a  16'  incline  had  been 
run  in  weathered  chrome.  The  ore  body  strikes  east- west,  at  an  eleva- 
tion of  3700',  and  the  upper  portion  of  it  has  apparently  migrated 
dow^n  the  hill  in  course  of  weathering.  The  main  ore  body  pitches 
.rather  steeply  to  the  south,  at  an  angle  of  about  65°,  while  the  upper 
portion  pitches  only  10° -20°  south.  About  40  tons  of  ore  had  been 
taken  out  up  to  June  17,  1917.  The  surface  rock  carries  a  great  deal  of 
iron  oxide,  much  of  which  is  in  shot-like  nodules;  this  is  red  on  the 
surface  and  yellow  below. 


MANGANESE   AND   CHROMIUM.  163 

■Six  men  wei-c  employed  in  lliese  seattei-cd  workings.  Tlic  iii)[)('r, 
fine  ore  was  more  or  less  mixed  with  soil  and  was  being  conccMil rated 
by  R.  L.  Turner  and  C.  A.  Geisendorfer. 

A  large  pit  in  Sec.  31,  at  an  elevation  of  3520'  and  southwest  of  the 
last  workings,  exposed  an  ore  body  striking  N.  80°  W.  and  pitching  80° 
N.  The  upper  6'  of  ore  had  only  a  slight  northerly  pitch.  About  60 
tons  of  ore  were  corded.  In  an  old  open  cut  6'  deep  and  50'  long  ore 
was  exposed  2'  wide  for  a  distance  of  30'.  Just  south  of  the  pit,  open 
cut  work  had  been  done,  over  an  area  20'x40',  and  considerable  float 
chrome  recovered.  About  40  tons  are  said  to  have  been  shipped  in  the 
fall  of  1916  and  30  tons  more  were  piled  for  shipment  from  an  area 
150'  farther  east.  Still  farther  south  is  an  old  shaft,  filled  with  water, 
which  had  been  worked  in  1884-85.  Northwest  of  the  pit  an  open  cut, 
made  in  early  days,  had  been  run  N.  40°  W.  for  a  distance  of  250' ;  at 
the  southeast  end  of  it  a  pit  14'  in  diameter  and  10'  deep  had  been  sunk 
and  considerable  ore  taken  out. 

Farther  north  in  the  same  section,  at  an  elevation  of  3510',  an  open 
cut  had  been  made  in  a  line  N.  50°  W.  The  open  cut  was  5'  deep  and 
150'  long  and  20  tons  of  ore  had  been  taken  out,  which  assayed  55% 
GnO,  and  2%  SiO.. 

The  Sullivan  chrome  property  is  in  the  N.  |  of  the  NE.  |  of  Sec.  19, 
T.  16  N.,  R.  11  E.,  -M.  D.  M.,  2  miles  by  road  and  trail  northeast  of  Alta. 
It  is  on  an  80-acre  patent  purchased  from  the  Central  Pacific  railroad 
by  D.  J.  Sullivan  of  Dutch  Flat,  and  W.  F.  Hemphill  and  R.  E.  Noble 
of  Roseville. 

Lenticular  bodies  of  chrome  ore,  occurring  along  fractures  in  serpen- 
tine, were  being  mined  on  the  southeast  bank  of  Bear  River.  Develop- 
ment work  consisted  of  a  65'  tunnel  which  follows  a  2'  body  of  chrome 
ore,  striking  N.  25°  E.  A  25'  crosscut  w^orking  tunnel  was  run  to  the 
south  and  a  10'  raise  made.  A  50'  tunnel  had  been  run  in  a  direction 
N.  60°  W.  along  a  2'  cross-vein  Avhich  pitches  50'  S.  About  90  tons  of 
ore  running  from  40-45%  CroOo  had  been  mined.  About  15  tons  of 
granular  ore  carrying  from  38-40%  CroO.,  had  been  taken  from  a  6'  pit 
on  the  slope  about  60'  above  the  tunnel  level. 

The  Turner  and  Geisendorfer  Chrome  and  Concentrator  Company 
hold  three  claims  in  the  NE.  J  of  Sec.  30,  T.  15  N.,  R.  11  E.,  M.  D.  M., 
6  miles  northeast  of  Iowa  Hill.  It  lies  at  an  elevation  of  3550'  about 
27^  miles  northeast  of  Colfax.  The  company  consists  of  R.  L.  Turner 
of  Colfax  and  C.  A.  Geisendorfer  of  Weimar. 

Open  cuts  and  pits  have  yielded  over  200  tons  of  ore.  Eighty  tons 
shipped  in  1916  carried  from  42-47%  CroO...  The  chrome  bearing  area 
lies  along  a  westerly  extension  of  deposits  on  the  Sugar  Pine  property. 


164  CALIFORNIA    STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 

A  small  coiicentrating  plant  consisted  of  two  D^^kes  tables  operated 
by  a  2|  li.p.  gas  engine.  Two  men  were  employed,  one  to  screen  the 
material  and  one  to  attend  the  tables  and  remove  the  concentrates.  The 
coarser  material,  which  did  not  pass  the  screen,  was  mixed  with  the 
concentrate,  which  probably  averaged  about  40%  CrgOs.  No  concen- 
trate had  been  shipped  up  to  June  17,  1917. 


Photo   No.   35.      Concentrating  chrome  ore  near   Sugarpine   Mill,   Placer   County,   on  property  of 

Turner   &    Geisendorfer. 

The  Williamson  and  Beck  property  is  in  Sees.  19  and  30  of  T.  15  N., 
R.  11  E.,  M.  D.  M.,  5  miles  northeast  of  Iowa  Hill.  It  consists  of  two 
claims,  the  Iowa  Hill  Chrome,  and  Iowa  Mine  #2,  including  80  acres  in 
Sec.  19  and  55  acres  on  government  land  in  Sec.  30.  It  lies  at  an  eleva-l 
tion  of  3500  ft.,  more  or  less,  near  an  eastern  branch  of  Shirt  Tail^ 
Gallon.  It  is  owned  by  W.  S.  Macy  and  Wm.  Haler,  and  leased  to  0.  S. 
Williamson  and  C.  Beck  of  Iowa  Hill. 

Lenses  of  chromite,  in  serpentine,  have  been  developed  by  shafts  and 
open  cuts.  On  Sec.  19,  I  mile  south  of  camp,  about  5  tons  of  float  had 
been  taken  from  a  10'  pit  which  was  connected  with  an  open  cut.  Ap-' 
proximately  100  yards  farther  east  was  a  10'  shaft,  with  windlass,  fron^ 
which  some  ore  had  been  taken.  About  2  tons  of  float  chrome  were^ 
piled  near  by. 

In  Sec.  30  the  lessees  had  worked  9  days,  up  to  June  18,  1917,  on  an 
ore  body  4'-5'  Avide  and  16'  long.  The  body  was  lenticular  and  struck 
north-south  in  serpentine.  About  10'  farther  north  was  another 
lens,  offset  from  the  last  one,  striking  NW.-SE.,  and  open  cut  3'  wide 
and  12'  long.     About  60  tons  of  ore  were  corded  for  shipment.  i 


MANGANESE   AND    CHROMIUM. 


165 


PLUMAS  COUNTY. 

The  McCarty  chrome  property  is  in  Sec.  14,  T.  23  N.,  K.  9  E., 
M.  D.  M.,  being  10  miles  southwest  .of  Quincy,  the  nearest  railroad  sta- 
tion. It  consists  of  two  claims  called  Jitney  J|l  and  Jitney  ^2,  owned 
by  Thos.  MeCarty  of  Qnincy  and  leased  on  royalty  to  the  Union 
Chrome  Company  of  San  Francisco. 

The  principal  ore  body  exposed  was  on  Jitney  #1  claim,  located  on 
the  east  bank  of  the  Middle  Fork  of  the  Feather  River  at  an  elevation 
of  3400'.  It  consisted  of  a  lens  of  solid  chromite  6'  wide  in  the  center 
and  80'  long;  the  southern  20'  of  the  ore  body  had  been  offset  a  dis- 
tance of  5'  by  a  fault.     The  ore  body  struck  N.-S.  and  pitched  80°  W. 


Photo   No.   36.      McCarty  chromite  deposit  on  Feather  River,  8  miles  south  of  Quincy, 
Ph'.mas  County,  leased  to  Union  Chrome  Company. 

in  a  fine-grained  metamorphic  limestone;  this  appears  to  be  the  only 
record  of  chromite  occurring  thus  associated. 

Development  work  consisted  of  an  open  cut  40'  long,  with  6'  face, 
along  the  ore  body.  Four  men  had  been  employed  for  two  weeks  and 
had  taken  out  46  tons  of  ore  said  to  assay  from  45-48%  CroOg. 
About  300  tons  of  ore  appeared  to  be  in  si§ht  down  to  a  depth  of  10' 
below  the  outcrop.  No  definite  arrangements  had  been  made  for  mov- 
ing the  ore,  which  would  have  to  be  packed  or  trammed  to  a  height  of 
3000  feet  over  a  very  steep,  rocky,  rugged  mountain  slope  to  a  very 
steep  road  leading  from  the  vicinity  of  Claremont  Hill  to  Quincy,  a 
drop  of  3000  feet  in  elevation.  The  property  is  inaccessible,  on  account 
of  snow,  from  December  until  the  middle  of  June. 


166  CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 

The  Valley  View  chrome  property  is  near  Greenville.  It  is  owned 
by  W.  P.  Boj^den  and  Fred  Koenig  of  Greenville,  and  leased  on  royalty 
to  A.  E.  Vandercook  of  Oakland,  who  is  reported  to  have  transferred 
his  lease  to  the  Western  Ores  Co. 

It  is  said  that  one  ear  of  ore  was  shipped  in  1916  and  two  cars  in 
1917,  which  assayed  about  32%  CrjOg.  The  property  was  idle  in  July, 
1917. 

Norris  &  Noyes  of  San  Francisco,  Avere  reported^  in  November,  1917 
to  be  shipping  one  car  of  chrome  ore  per  day  to  Niagara  Falls, 
N.  Y.,  the  ore  being  hauled  by  motor  trucks  to  Swayne  Station. 


SAN  BENITO   COUNTY. 

In  the  serpentine  areas  in  the  Coast  Range  Mountains,  chromite  is 
occasionally  found.  One  such  area  which  is  quite  extensive  occurs 
south  and  southeast  of  New  Idria.-  Within  this  area  an  abundance 
of  chromite  is  found  as  small  float,  especially  in  the  ravines  and  stream 
gravels.  It  does  not,  so  far  as  observed  by  the  writer,  occur  in  any 
considerable  bodies  but  seems  to  be  disseminated  in  boulders  and  small 
masses  throughout  portions  of  the  serpentine.  Centuries  of  weather^ 
ing  and  erosion  have  concentrated  this  mineral  in  the  stream  gravels; 
About  1875  a  party  of  four  men,  with  teams  not  otherwise  engaged  at 
the  time,  hauled  out  to  Hollister  a  carload  or  two  of  the  coarser  of 
this  natural  concentrate,  shipped  it  to  San  Francisco  and  thence  by 
sailing  vessel  to  Baltimore.  The  workable  deposits  were  so  scattered^ 
and  limited  in  extent,  and  the  margin  of  profit  was  so  small  (they  did 
actually  make  a  slight  profit)  that  they  discontinued  the  experimenty 
During  1917,  various  individuals,  mostly  Mexicans  living  in  this 
district,  collected  small  lots  of  chrome  ore  which  they  sold  to  ore  buyers. 
They  carried  the  ore  to  the  main  roads  by  sleds,  pack-mules  and 
wagons,  from  which  points  motor  trucks  transferred  it  to  the  rail- 
roads. Most  of  it  went  out  via  Mendota ;  but  some  also  via  Coalinga,-' 
King  City  and  Hollister.  In  this  manner,  a  total  of  between  400  and 
500  tons  was  shipped. 

The  chromite  here  is  characterized  by  .specks  and  films  of  a  green 

oxidation  product.     In  early  days  this  was  erroneously  reported  as 

nickel  and  also  as  "  hornsilver, "  though  the  color  is  a  more  vivid  greea 

than  the  latter  mineral.  .• 

Bibl.:  Kept.  IV,  p.  136;  VI,  Pt.  I,  p.  100;  VIII,  pp.  483,  490; 

XV,  p.  630;  Mines  and  Mineral  Res.  of  Monterey  et  al.,  coun-^ 

ties,  p.  36 ;  Bull.  27,  p.  126 ;  Bull.  38,  pp.  269,  362 ;  Bull.  67,  p5 

81;  Mm.  Res.  W.  of  Rocky  Mts.,  1868,  p.  224;  Cal.  Sen.  Doc. 

No.  9,  1854  (J.  B.  Trask),  p.  18;  U.  S.  Geol.  Surv.,  Bull.  60.^ 

p.  208;  Mon.  ]3,  p.  294. 


^Min.  &  Sci.  Press,  Nov.   24,  1917,  p.  770. 

^Mines  &  Mineral  Res.  of  Monterey  et  al.  counties ;  Cal.  State  Min.  Bur.,   chapterg: 
Of  State  Mineralogist's  Report,  biennial  period  1915-1916,  pp.  36,  197. 


167 

:nown  for  its 
were  worked 
■s,  nothing  is 
je  quantities 

n,  it  is  inter- 
is  largely  to 
c  iron  mines 
ve  prophesy, 

ts  and  their 
G.  S.  Bull. 
An  excellent 
)ispo  County 
of  San  Luis 
jeemed  advis- 
hat  angle,  to 
a  data  which 
ird  economic 
showing  the 
le  properties 

d  in  Sec.  34, 
'ia  Range,  on 
unt  of  devel- 
irata,  et  al., 
.  This  com- 
md  prospect- 

.f  Section  29, 
Santa  Lucia 
s  been  a  con- 
m  account  of 
re  exhausted, 
the  property. 
y  production 
Twelve  men 

,  via  Goldtree 
ire  in  sorting 
/eraging  over 

01)  :  U.  S.  Gool. 


PLATE   in. 


I 


MANGANESE   AND    CnROMlUM.  '  167 

SAN  LUIS  OBISPO   COUNTY. 

"As  a  mining  county,  San  Luis  Obispo  is  most  widc4y  known  for  its 
production  of  chromic  iron.  In  years  past  many  mines  were  worked 
here,  but,  owing  to  the  low  prices  obtained  in  recent  years,  nothing  is 
now  being  done.  Chromic  iron  occurs,  however,  in  large  quantities 
and,  under  favorable  conditions,  will  again  be  mined.  "^ 

At  the  present  time,  13  years  after  the  above  was  written,  it  is  inter- 
esting to  note  that,  while  quicksilver  producti.on  also  adds  largely  to 
Ian  Luis  Obispo's  fame  as  a  mining  county,  the  chromic  iron  mines 
ire,  under  present  favorable  conditions,  fulfilling  the  above  prophesy, 
ind  supplying  a  steady  tonnage  of  ore  to  an  eager  market. 

A  general  description  of  the  chromic  iron  ore  deposits  and  their 
geological  occurrence  is  given  by  E.  C.  Harder,  U.  S.  G.  S.  Bull. 
#430,  and  by  H.  "W.  Fairbanks  in  the  folio  quoted  above.  An  excellent 
review  of  the  geology,  and  a  history  of  the  San  Luis  Obispo  County 
mines  is  found  in  "The  Mines  and  Mineral  Resources  of  San  Luis 
Obispo  County,"  recently  issued  by  this  Bureau.  It  has  seemed  advis- 
able to  refer  the  reader  who  wishes  to  investigate  from  that  angle,  to 
these  publications,  and  to  place  emphasis  herein,  rather  on  data  which 
it  is  hoped  will  be  of  immediate  and  practical  aid  toward  economic 
development.  A  map  (Plate  III)  has  been  included  showing  the 
location  of  chrome  ore  deposits  and  the  list  of  chrome  properties 
discussed  is  believed  to  cover  all  known  occurrences. 

Alviso  and  Sunshine  Claims.  These  claims  are  located  in  Sec.  34, 
T.  29  S.,  R.  12  E.,  on  the  western  slope  of  the  Santa  Lucia  Range,  on 
the  road  to  the  Pick  and  Shovel  Mine.  Only  a  small  amount  of  devel- 
opment work  has  been  done  on  the  claims — P.  A.  H.  Arata,  et  al., 
owners.  Under  lease  to  Noble  Electric  Steel  Company.  This  com- 
pany is  employing  a  large  force  of  men  in  developing  and  prospect- 
ing the  claims. 

Castro  Mine.  This  mine  is  situated  in  the  east  half  of  Section  29, 
T.  29  S.,  R.  12  E.  It  is  on  the  southwestern  slope  of  the  Santa  Lucia 
Range,  six  miles  northwest  of  San  Luis  Obispo.  There  has  been  a  con- 
siderable production  from  this  property  in  the  past,  but  on  account  of 
low  prices  it  was  closed  down  before  the  ore  bodies  were  exhausted. 
The  Trinidad  Mining  Company  has  recently  reopened  the  property. 
They  mined  the  ore  by  means  of  an  open  cut.  Their  early  production 
was  at  the  rate  of  20  cars,  about  1000  tons,  per  month.  Twelve  men 
are  employed. 

Several  carloads  of  ore  were  shipped  from  this  property,  via  Goldtree 
Station  north  of  San  Luis  Obispo,  but  in  spite  of  great  care  in  sorting 
the  ore,  it  was  found  nearly  impossible  to  got  carloads  averaging  over 


'Fairbanks,  H.  "W.,  Geologic  AUas  of  U.  S.,  San  Luis  F'olio    (No.  101)  :  U.   S.  Geo!. 
Swrv.,   1904. 


166 

The  VaJ 
by  W.  P.  ] 
to  A.  E.  ^ 

his  lease  ti 
It  is  sai 
,1917,  whic 
1917. 

Norris  S 

to   be   shi] 
N.  Y.,  the 


In  the  s 
oceasionall 
south  and 
of  ehromit 
gravels.  ] 
considerab 
masses  thr 
ing  and  ei 
About  187 
the  time,  ] 
this  natur. 
sailing  ves 
and  limitei 
actually  m 

During 
district,  co' 
They  carr 
wagons,  fr 
roads.  Mc 
King  City 
500  tons  "v\ 

The  chn 
oxidation  " 
nickel  and 
than  the  la 

Bibl. : 
XV, 

ties, 

81; 

No. 

p.  2> 


^Min.  &  Sci 

^Mines  &  J 
Of  State  Mint 


MANGANESE   AND    CHROMIUM.  '  167 

SAN  LUIS  OBISPO  COUNTY. 

"As  a  milling  county,  San  Luis  Obispo  is  most  widely  known  for  its 
production  of  chromic  iron.  In  years  past  many  mines  were  worked 
here,  but,  owing  to  the  low  prices  obtained  in  recent  years,  nothing  is 
now  being  done.  Chromic  iron  occurs,  however,  in  large  quantities 
and,  under  favorable  conditions,  will  again  be  mined.  "^ 

At  the  present  time,  13  years  after  the  above  was  written,  it  is  inter- 
esting to  note  that,  while  quicksilver  production  also  adds  largely  to 
San  Luis  Obispo's  fame  as  a  mining  county,  the  chromic  iron  mines 
are,  under  present  favorable  conditions,  fulfilling  the  above  prophesy, 
and  supplying  a  steady  tonnage  of  ore  to  an  eager  market. 

A  general  description  of  the  chromic  iron  ore  deposits  and  their 
geological  occurrence  is  given  by  E.  C.  Harder,  U.  S.  G.  S.  Bull. 
fl:430,  and  by  H.  W.  Fairbanks  in  the  folio  quoted  above.  An  excellent 
review  of  the  geology,  and  a  history  of  the  San  Luis  Obispo  County 
mines  is  found  in  "The  Mines  and  Mineral  Resources  of  San  Luis 
Obispo  County,"  recently  issued  by  this  Bureau.  It  has  seemed  advis- 
able to  refer  the  reader  who  wishes  to  investigate  from  that  angle,  to 
these  publications,  and  to  place  emphasis  herein,  rather  on  data  which 
it  is  hoped  will  be  of  immediate  and  practical  aid  toward  economic 
development.  A  map  (Plate  III)  has  been  included  showing  the 
location  of  chrome  ore  deposits  and  the  list  of  chrome  properties 
discussed  is  believed  to  cover  all  known  occurrences. 

Alviso  and  Sunshine  Claims.  These  claims  are  located  in  Sec.  34, 
T.  29  S.,  R.  12  E.,  on  the  western  slope  of  the  Santa  Lucia  Range,  on 
the  road  to  the  Pick  and  Shovel  Mine.  Only  a  small  amount  of  devel- 
opment work  has  been  done  on  the  claims — P.  A.  H.  Arata,  et  al., 
owners.  Under  lease  to  Noble  Electric  Steel  Company.  This  com- 
pany is  employing  a  large  force  of  men  in  developing  and  prospect- 
ing the  claims. 

Castro  Mine.  This  mine  is  situated  in  the  east  half  of  Section  29, 
T.  29  S.,  R.  12  E.  It  is  on  the  southwestern  slope  of  the  Santa  Lucia 
Range,  six  miles  northwest  of  San  Luis  Obispo.  There  has  been  a  con- 
siderable production  from  this  property  in  the  past,  but  on  account  of 
low  prices  it  was  closed  down  before  the  ore  bodies  were  exhausted. 
The  Trinidad  Mining  Company  has  recently  reopened  the  property. 
They  mined  the  ore  by  means  of  an  open  cut.  Their  early  production 
was  at  the  rate  of  20  cars,  about  1000  tons,  per  month.  Twelve  men 
are  employed. 

Several  carloads  of  ore  were  shipped  from  this  property,  via  Goldtree 
Station  north  of  San  Luis  Obispo,  but  in  spite  of  great  care  in  sorting 
the  ore,  it  was  found  nearly  impossilile  to  get  carloads  averaging  over 


'Fairbanks?,  H.  W.,  Geologic  Atlas  of  U.  S.,  San  Luis  F'ollo   (No.  101)  :  U.  S.  Gcol. 
Surv.,    1904. 


168  ■  CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 

33%  chromic  oxide.  The  company  consequently  set  about  prospecting, 
in  order  to  see  if  there  was  sufficient  low-grade  ore  available  to  justify 
construction  of  a  concentrating  plant.  Work  on  the  hill  at  the  end  of 
the  wagon  road  uncovered  a  lens  65  feet  long  and  28  feet  thick  which 
has  not  yet  been  bottomed,  but  has  been  proven  to  a  depth  of  about  25 
feet.  This  body  carries  some  bunches  of  shipping  ore,  but  the  major 
part  of  it  is  stated  to  run  about  20%  CrsOg.  No  attempt  will  be  made 
to  sort  out  high  grade,  but  the  whole  lens  will  be  milled.  Three  other 
bodies  of  low  grade  ore  were  also  found.  When  prospecting  had 
revealed  enough  20%  to  25%  ore  to  give  a  reserve  of  over  6000  tons, 
the  management  felt  justified  in  putting  up  a  mill.  There  is  still  a 
large  unexplored  area. 

The  mill  has  been  built  on  the  hill  below  the  large  orebody,  and  a 
tunnel  has  been  driven  to  tap  the  ore  at  depth,  so  that  tramming  from 
the  working  face  to  the  mill  bin  will  be  possible. 

The  crude  ore  is  delivered  to  the  mill  in  14  eu.  ft.  cars  and  dumped 
into  a  3'x8'  grizzly  with  1"  openings.  The  fine  falls  through  the  grizzly 
directly  into  the  mill  feed  bin.  The  coarse  is  put  through  a  12"xl6" 
Dodge  crusher,  crushing  to  1",  and  delivering  directly  into  the  50-ton 
flat  bottomed  ore-bin.  Power  for  the  crusher  is  furnished  by  a  12  h.  p. 
Orr  and  Sembower  gas  engine  burning  distillate.  One  shift  on  the 
crusher  is  generally  sufficient  to  keep  the  mill  bin  well  filled  with 
crushed  ore. 

A  Challenge  feeder  fastened  to  the  ore-bin  feeds  the  crushed  ore  to 
a  4^x3'  Hendy  Ball  Mill,  with  a  scoop  feed.  The  mill  revolves  30 
times  a  minute  and  carries  2000  lbs.  of  chrome  steel  balls.  The  con- 
sumption of  balls  is  about  one-half  pound  per  ton  of  ore  crushed.  I'he 
pulp  from  the  mill  is  discharged  over  a  revolving  screen  with  .05  inch 
openings,  and  the  oversize  is  returned  by  a  bucket  elevator  to  the  mill 
feed  box.  Ball  mill,  feeder  and  elevator  are  driven  by  a  Doak  gas 
engine  burning  distillate.  Nominally  of  20  h.p.,  this  engine  actually 
develops  21  h.p.  at  this  elevation  (about  1500  feet).  A  clutch  pulley 
on  the  ball  mill  pinion  shaft  enables  easy  starting  of  the  load. 

The  pulp  from  the  ball  mill  is  delivered  by  a  launder  to  a  two  compart- 
ment launder  classifier  from  which  the  coarse  and  fine  sands  go  to  two 
Overstrom  Universal  Concentrators  and  the  slimes  to  a  6  ft.  Callow 
de-watering  cone.  The  thickened  slime  from  this  cone  is  put  over  a 
Deister  slimer.  Two  products,  concentrates  and  middlings,  are  taken 
from  the  Overstrom  tables,  and  tailings  are  run  to  waste.  Power  for 
the  tables  and  for  a  1^''  centrifugal  pump  for  returning  clear  water, 
is  derived  from  a  7  h.p.  Hercules  engine  burning  distillate. 

Water  for  the  mill  is  pumped  from  San  Luisito  Creek,  to  a  10,000 
gallon  redwood  tank  by  a  4"  Woodin  and  Little  triplex  plunger  pump, 


MANGANESE   AND    CHROMIUM. 


169 


driven  by  a  6  h.p.  Orr  and  Sembower  engine.  All  water  from  engine 
cooling  systems  and  clear  water  from  the  dewatering  cone  and  settling 
boxes  is  collected  in  a  sump  below  the  mill  and  returned  by  a  1^" 
centrifugal  pump,  running  submerged,  to  a  3000  gallon  redwood 
tank,  and  is  used  for  ball  mill  feed  water.  Three  tons  of  water  is 
required  for  each  ton  of  ore  ground. 

It  is  estimated  that  it  will  cost  about  $2  a  ton  to  concentrate  the 
ore.  "When  properly  adjusted,  the  plant  should  be  capable  of  making 
about  30  tons  of  concentrate  a  day.  A  new  road  has  recently  been 
completed  to  the  mill  and  mine,  and  conditions  favor  heavy  production. 
A.  A.  Wheeler,  1640  Clay  Street,  San  Francisco,  is  the  owner.     The 


Photo    No.    36a.       The    50-ton    concentrating    mill    of    the    California    Chrome    Company    at    the 

Castro    Mine,    San   Luis   Obispo. 

property  is  being  worked  under  lease  bj^'  the  California  Chrome  Co., 
Home  Office,  Kohl  Building.  San  Francisco.  Cal. 

Chisholm  Mine.     See  Pine  Mountain  Group. 

Chorro  Creek  Mine.  Located  in  Section  34,  T.  29  S.,  R.  12  E.,  near 
the  summit  of  the  Santa  Lucia  Range,  and  about  4^  miles  north 
of  Goldtree  Station  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad.  It  contains 
86.7  acres  and  is  owned  by  W.  C.  H.  Dibblee  and  P.  A.  H.  Arata, 
of  San  Luis  Obispo.  Considerable  chromite  was  shipped  from  the  prop- 
erty during  1882  and  1883.  The  workings  which  are  at  an  elevation  of 
1900  feet,  consist  of  a  few  shallow  open  cuts  and  prospect  holes,  and 
outside  of  assessment  work,  no  new  work  was  being  prosecmted  when 
the  property  was  visited.  There  is  considerable  chrome  iloat  scattered 
over  the  surface  of  the  ridge.  The  wagon  road  to  the  property  has 
very  steep  grades,  whieli  adds  to  the  cost  of  hauling  ore  from  the  mine. 


I 


170  CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING  BUREAU. 

Colorado  Chrome  Mine.    Claims  covering  80  acres  in  the  northeast 
half  of  Sec.  32,  T.  29  S.,  R.  12  E.,  owned  by  George  L.  Mott  and' 
T.    B.    Gamble    of   San   Luis    Obispo,    comprise   this   property.      The' 
workings  consist  of  a  number  of  shallow  open  cuts  and  small  prospect 
tunnels. 

Cypress  Chrome  Mine.  This  property  adjoins  the  Chorro  Creek 
Mine  on  the  north.  It  contains  80  acres  and  lies  in  the  northeast 
quarter  of  Sec.  34,  T.  29  S.,  R.  12  E.  It  was  located  by  Dibblee  and 
Arata  of  San  Luis  Obispo  and  is  little  more  than  a  prospect,  no  develop-, 
ment  work  having  been  done.  | 

El  Divisadero  Chrome  Mine.  It  is  situated  in  Section  33,  T.  29  S., 
R.  12  E.,  5  miles  northwest  of  Goldtree  Station,  on  patented  land 
belonging  to  A.  A.  Wheeler,  1640  Clay  St.,  San  Francisco.  It  is  under 
lease  to  the  Trinidad  Mining  Co.,  office,  L.  H.  Butcher  Co.,  214  Front 
St.,  San  Francisco.  A.  A.  Arata  is  superintendent.  There  is  a  little;; 
float  chromite  in  sight.  a 

El  Salto  Chrome  Mine.  This  claim  in  the  west  half  of  Section  33,/ 
T.  29  S.,  R.  12  E.,  joins  the  El  Divisadero  on  the  south,  and,  like  it,  is 
the  propert,y  of  A.  A.  Wheeler  of  San  Francisco,  and  under  lease  to 
the  Trinidad  Mining  Co.,  214  Front  St.,  San  Francisco.  A  few  tons^ 
of  float  ore  of  good  grade  in  pieces  up  to  one  foot  in  diameter  are  on 
the  surface,  and  a  small  amount  of  prospecting  is  now  being  done. 
From  the  amount  of  old  open  cuts  and  prospect  holes  it  is  estimated 
that  it  produced  several  hundred  tons  of  ore  in  the  early  80 's. 

Evans  Ranch.  In  Devils  Caiion,  which  runs  into  San  Carpojaro 
Creek  in  Sec.  2,  T.  25  S.,  R.  6  E.,  a  good  quality  of  chromite  is  reported 
to  occur.  The  deposit  is  six  miles  north  of  San  Simeon  on  the 
W.  J.  Evans  Ranch. 

Froom's  (Mrs.)  Chrome  Deposits.  Mrs.  Froom  of  San  Luis  Obispo 
owns  some  old  chrome  properties  in  the  southern  part  of  Rancho 
Laguna,  4^  miles  southwest  of  the  city.  There  are  5  old  tunnels  on 
the  property,  one  of  which  is  still  open  for  50  feet.  This  tunnel  is 
driven  entirely  in  serpentine  and  shows  some  granules  of  chrome  ore 
scattered  through  the  rock.  There  is  an  old  open  cut  with  a  face  40  feet 
high  from  which  it  is  reported  quite  a  tonnage  of  ore  was  extracted  in| 
the  past.  A  small  amount  of  prospecting  has  recently  been  done  on 
the  property.  Dibblee  and  Arata  of  San  Luis  Obispo  have  an  option 
on  the  deposits. 

Johe  Ranch  Deposit.     On  the  George  M.  Johe  Ranch  in  the  SW.  l^ 
of  Sec.  2,  T.  31  S.,  R.  11  E.,  .some  float  and  a  small  lens  of  chrome  ore. 
has   been   found.     The   deposit   is    10   miles   southwest   of   San   Luisj 
Obispo  and   1500'   above  sea  level.     No  development  work  has  been! 
attempted, 


H 


MANGANESE   AND    CHROMIUM.  171 

La  Primera  and  La  Trinidad  Chrome  Mines.  Situated  in  the  east 
half  of  Section  33,  T.  29  S.,  R.  12  E.,  four  miles  north  of  Goldtree 
Station.  The  total  area  embraced  is  180  acres  of  patented  land.  The 
mines  are  one  mile  west  of  the  New  London  Mine,  and  at  an  elevation 
of  1500  feet.  A  tunnel  has  been  driven  west  460  feet,  and  a  number 
of  crosscuts  have  been  driven  north  and  south  from  the  tunnel  level. 
Three  lenses  of  chromite  have  been  developed,  which  have  a  general 
east  and  west  trend  and  dip  40°  to  45°  to  the  north.  A  winze  has  been 
sunk  on  each  lens  to  depths  of  twenty  feet.  It  is  reported  that  about 
P  1000  tons  of  ore  has  been  developed.  At  the  elevation  of  open  cut 
(1550  ft.)  an  incline  has  been  sunk  to  a  depth  of  100  feet  to  extract 
the  ore  from  the  ore  bodies  developed  on  tunnel  level. 

From  the  information  obtained  from  underground  development, 
there  appears  to  be  a  well  defined  ore  zone  which  is  approximately  125 
feet  wide,  and  has  general  north  and  south  course.  The  ore  is  hauled 
to  Goldtree  siding.  A.  A.  Wlieeler  of  San  Francisco,  is  the  owner. 
The  mines  are  being  worked  by  the  Trinidad  Mining  Company  (L.  H. 
Butcher  Co.),  214  Front  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  F.  W.  McKee, 
Superintendent. 

Lucky  Jack  Group,  includes  the  Chrome,  Lucky  Davis,  Lucky 
Chrome,  Bonilla,  Lookout  and  Flores  claims.  They  are  situated  in 
Sections  29  and  31,  T.  29  S.,  R.  12  E.  This  is  on  a  ridge  west  of  Tassi- 
jara  Creek,  at  an  elevation  of  2000  feet,  and  about  4  miles  west  of 
Santa  Margarita  on  the  Southern  Pacific  R.  R.  A  number  of  open 
cuts  have  developed  some  small  stringers  of  low  grade  chrome,  mixed 
with  serpentine.  To  date  no  deposit  of  consequence  has  been  opened 
on  the  property.     S.  Aumaier,  San  Luis  Obispo,  owner. 

Middlemast  Chrome  Deposit.  Twenty-five  miles  northwest  of  San 
Luis  Obispo,  and  4  miles  east  of  Cayucos  on  the  W.  C.  Middlemast 
Ranch,  chromite  has  been  found  in  small  quantities  as  float  and  in 
small  lenses  in  the  serpentine.  The  deposit  is  in  the  north  half  of 
Section  25,  T.  28  S.,  R.  10  E.,  at  an  elevation  of  450  ft.  above  sea 
level. 

Mutual  Chrome  Mine.  This  is  a  holding  of  80  acres  owned  by 
Dibblee  and  Arata  of  San  Luis  Obispo.  It  lies  west  of  and  adjoins  the 
Chorro  Creek  Mine  and  is  situated  in  Section  35,  T.  29  S.,  R.  12  E., 
4^  miles  from  Goldtree.  No  development  work  has  been  done  on  the 
property  with  the  exception  of  several  old  prospect  holes. 

I  New  London  Chrome  Mine  is  situated  in  the  SW.  -}  of  the  SE.  I  of 
Sec.  33,  T.  29  S.,  R.  12  E.,  G  miles  northwest  of  San  Luis  Obispo,  and 
three  miles  from  Goldtree  Station  in  a  westerly  direction.  The  prin- 
cipal workings  are  situated  on  the  slope  of  a  ridge  northwest  of  a 
branch  of  Chorro  Creek.     There  are  two  tunnels  on  the  property.     At 


172 


CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 


MANGANESE    AND    CHROMIUM.  173 

an  elevation  of  050  feet  tlie  upper  tunnel  was  driven  N.  51°  W.,  and 
40  feet  from  the  portal  encountered  a  lens  of  ehi'orae  with  a  strike  of 
N.  36°  W.  and  a  dip  of  60°  NE.  This  lens  of  ore  is  50  ft.  in  length 
Avith  an  average  width  of  12  ft.  and  ore  shipped  from  the  lens  gave  an 
average  of  38%  chromic  oxide. 

On  this  general  course  the  tunnel  follows  leaders  of  chrome  which 
run  into  two  smaller  lenses,  27  ft.  and  14  ft.  in  length  respectively, 
and  about  8  ft.  in  width.     The  main  tunnel  level  is  208  feet  in  length. 

At  a  point  92  ft.  from  the  portal  a  drift  has  been  nm  N.  27°  E., 
a  distance  of  67  ft.,  and  a  large  lens  of  ore,  50  ft.  in  length  and  25 
ft.  in  width,  developed.  This  large  lens  also  dips  60°  NPl  At  a 
point  19  ft.  from  the  intersection  of  the  drift  with  the  main  tunnel 
level,  a  raise  has  been  made  in  the  lens  a  distance  of  20  ft.  and  a 
drift  run  NW.  40  ft.  in  the  ore,  thus  giving  an  ore  body  50  ft.  long, 
by  25  ft.  wide,  by  20  ft.  above  the  tunnel  level. 

At  an  elevation  of  920  ft.  and  133  ft.  west  of  the  upper  tunnel, 
a  lower  tunnel  has  been  driven  NW.  214  ft.,  without  developing 
any  ore.  At  a  point  105  ft.  from  the  portal  of  the  tunnel,  a 
drift  has  been  driven  N.  10°  W.,  a  distance  of  19  ft.,  where  an 
in.cline  raise  50  ft.  in  height  Avas  made,  developing  a  small  lens 
of  chrome  6  ft.  in  Avidth.  From  this  raise  a  drift  runs  N.  30" 
W.  for  a  distance  of  20  ft.,  where  a  small  lens  of  ore  Avas  cut 
and  Avhich  was  drifted  on  a  distance  of  16  ft.,  Avith  a  course 
N.  30°  W.  This  lens  is  16  ft.  long  and  6  ft.  wide  and  of  good  grade 
ore.  In  the  main  tunnel  level  at  a  point  50  ft.  Avest  of  the  intersection 
of  tunnel  and  drift,  another  drift  bearing  N.  30°  W.  has  been  driven 
a  distance  of  39  ft.  From  this  drift  an  incline  raise  is  being  driven 
at  an  angle  of  50°  to  develop  the  large  lens  of  ore  that  has  been 
opened  up  on  the  upper  tunnel  level.  There  is  also  a  raise  at  the 
intersection  of  this  drift  Avith  the  main  tunnel  level,  and  both  of  these 
raises  have  developed  ore.  Quite  a  tonnage  of  fair  grade  ore  has  been 
exposed  on  the  property,  together  Avith  shipping  ore,  and  a  certain 
tonnage  of  Ioav  grade  ore  that  could  be  concentrated.  The  lenses  so 
far  mined  have  a  general  northwest  strike  and  a  uniform  dip  of  about 
60°  NE.  With  systematic  development,  a  large  tonnage  of  ore 
should  be  disclosed  on  the  property.  Tavo  hundred  tons  per  month  are 
noAv  being  shipped  from  the  mine.  It  is  reported  to  average  38% 
chromic  oxide,  with  8  to  10%  silica  content.  Fifteen  men  are 
employed.  The  ore  is  hauled  a  distance  of  three  miles  to  Goldtree  Sta- 
tion at  a  cost  of  $1.25  per  ton.  The  sketch  map  hei'eAvith  shows  the 
underground  Avorkings  and  ore  bodies  developed.  Chas.  Waters  of  San 
Luis  Obispo  is  the  OAvner.  It  is  being  Avorked  under  lease  by  Dibblee 
and  Arata  of  San  Luis  Obispo,  P.  A.  H.  Arata,  Mgr. 


174 


CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 


Norcross  Chrome  Mine.  It  is  loeatecl  ten  miles  northwest  of  San 
Luis  Obispo  in  Section  13,  T.  29  S.,  R.  11  E.,  on  the  southwest  slope  of 
the  Santa  Lucia  Range.  At  an  elevation  of  1200  feet,  there  is  an  open 
cut  150  feet  long  by  150  feet  wide  and  50  feet  deep.  A  number  of 
small  lenses  of  chromite  were  extracted  from  these  workings  in  the 
past.  The  ore  zone  is  about  150  feet  wide,  in  which  the  chromite  is 
impregnated  throughout  the  serpentine,  and  has  a  general  north  and 
south  strike.  From  samples  taken  from  these  workings,  the  ore  bear- 
ing zone  will  carry  about  15%  chromic  oxide. 

The  dump  from  this  open  cut  contains  1000  tons  of  ore,  carrying 
15%  chromic  oxide.  The  ore  from  dump  and  open  cut  is  being  treated 
in  a  50-ton  concentrating  plant.     The  ore  is  trammed  to  a  50-ton  stor- 


^m 


Photo  No.  37a.     Concentrating  plant   (50-ton)  of  Union  Chrome  Company,  at  Norcross  Mine, 
San  Luis  Obispo   County ;   showing  dump,  bins,  and  mill. 

age  bin,  from  which  the  ore  is  conveyed  by  belt  conveyor  to  Ellis-Chili 
ball  mill,  and  crushed  through  20  mesh  sci'een.  The  product  from 
mill  goes  direct  to  hydraulic  classifiers,  and  then  to  two  Gates  concen- 
trators. The  tables  are  producing  about  fifteen  tons  of  concentrates 
running  44%  chromic  oxide.  From  the  results  obtained,  it  is  planned 
to  increase  the  capacity  of  the  plant  by  the  addition  of  another  table. 
Twenty  men  are  employed.  Owner,  E.  Biaggini,  Cayucos,  Cal.  Under 
lease  to  Union  Chrome  Company,  ofiices,  Adams  Building,  San  Fran- 
cisco, Calif. 

Pick  and  Shovel  Mine.  This  mine  is  located  four  miles  north  of 
San  Luis  Obispo"  on  the  western  slope  of  the  Santa  Lucia  Range,  about 
half  way  to  the  summit.  It  contains  83.2  acres  which  are  in  the  SE. 
quarter  of  Sec.  34,  and  the  SW.  quarter  of  Sec.  35,  T.  29  S.,  R.  12  E. 


MANGANESE   AND    CHROMIUM. 


17^ 


This  property  was  worked  more  extensively  in  tlie  past  lliaii  any  chrome 
deposit  in  the  district,  and  produced  a  large  tonnage  between  1880 
and  1890.  The  old  workings  consist  of  2500  feet  of  tunnels,  the  long- 
est being  900  feet.  It  bears  N.  60°  E.,  and  is  driven  at  an  elevation 
of  1840  feet.  The  ore  occurred  in  lenses  and  stringers  in  a  crushed 
zone.  It  has  been  stated  that,  from  one  lens  of  ore  encountered  at  a 
^  distance  of  560  feet  from  the  tunnel  portal,  there  was  extracted  800  tons 
of  chrome.  The  dip  of  the  kidneys  of  ore  was  30  degrees  to  the  north- 
west.  The  chromite  was  found  impregnating  the  serpentine  as  well 
as  in  almost  pure  masses.  Recently  the  workings  from  this  tunnel 
have  been  reopened,  and  some  new  lenses  of  ore  developed.    At  a  lower 


'  Photo  No.  37.       Pick  and  Shovel  Chrome  Mine,   San  Luis  Obispo  County. 

level,  another  tunnel  has  been  driven  which  has  opened  up  a  lens  of 
chromite  fifty  feet  in  length  by  twelve  feet  thick,  and  fifteen  feet  deep, 
containing  approximately  1000  tons,  and  it  reported  that  the  ship- 
ments made  from  this  lens  runs  50%  chromic  oxide.  Twenty  men 
lare  employed.  P.  A.  H.  Arata,  et  al,  owners.  Under  lease  to  L.  H, 
Butcher  Co.,  214  Front  Street,  San  Francisco,  F.  W.  McKee,  Supt. 

Pine  Mountain  Group.  These  locations  cover  what  w-as  formerly 
iknown  as  the  Chisholm  mine.  About  400  tons  of  good  chromite  are 
said  to  have  been  produced  here  in  the  '80s,  but  work  was  sus- 
pended when  the  price  of  chromite  fell  to  $8.  The  ore  came  entirely 
from  shallow  trenches  and  off  the  surface.  There  are  three  claims  which 
adjoin  the  Hearst  Ranch  in  Sections  3  and  10,  T.  26  S.,  R.  8  E.  They 
are  on  the  flank  of  Pine  Mountain  at  an  elevation  of  over  2000  feet  and 
ilie  11  miles  from  San  Simeon,  wdth  a  road  across  the  Hearst  Ranch  to 


176  CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 

^vithill  a  mile  of  the  clainis.  They  were  rt'loeated  in  Deeemljer,  1917, 
and  January,  1918,  by  Joe  Pereira  of  Cambria.  Mr.  J.  A.  Faucher 
recently  bought  one  and  leased  the  other  two  on  a  royalty  basis.  Sub- 
sequently, two  of  the  claims,  named  the  Lucky  Strike  and  the  Old 
Timer,  were  sold  to  Mrs.  P.  A.  Hearst  for  $1500. 

The  claims  are  in  the  serpentine  near  a  contact  with  diorite.  There 
has  been  a  wide  distribution  of  ehromite  over  the  claims,  as  indicated 
by  the  old  trenches.  There  is  a  series  of  outcrops  on  the  lower  claim 
which  indicates  the  presence  of  a  good  sized  lens  of  ore,  and  there  are 
also  promising  indications  of  ore  in  place  farther  uphill.  Geological 
conditions  are  favorable  for  the  development  of  a  good  producer,  because 
of  the  pro.ximity  to  the  diorite-serpentine  contact.  Extensive  mineral- 
ization appears  to  have  occurred  and  early  production  may  be  reasonably 
expected. 

Pereira  Group.  Joe  and  Pablo  Pereira,  Cambria,  Locators,  J.  A. 
Faucher,  Oakland,  lessee.  Consists  of  three  claims  located  January, 
1918,  in  T.  25  S.,  R.  8  E.,  three  to  four  miles  north  of  Pine  IMountain 
by  trail,  and  lying  at  an  elevation  of  about  2500  feet.  On  the  Beauty 
Spot  claim  two  and  one-half  tons  of  fine  grained,  high  grade  ore  was 
taken  from  a  shallow  trench  in  greenish  clay,  and  this  was  all  th% 
ehromite  in  sight,  althougli  there  was  a  chance  of  more  being  found  hy, 
following  a  well  defined  parting  at  the  bottom  of  the  trench.  On  the; 
Potrero  claim,  a  mile  farther  soutii,  a  few  hundred  pounds  of  ore  have" 
been  dug  out  near  the  surface,  but  prospecting  has  failed  to  disclose 
even  a  stringer  which  might  serve  as  an  indication  of  other  lenses. 
On  the  Red  Rock  Ocean  View  claim  a  small  lens  in  place  in  serpentine?^ 
has  yielded  about  20  tons  of  good  ore  and  there  are  some  stringers 
of  ehromite  in  the  ends  of  the  pit  which  amply  justify  further  worl^ 
as  they  are  apt  to  lead  to  other  kidneys  of  ore  which  do  not  outcrop. 
This  claim  is  the  southernmost  of  the  group.  It  is  notable  that  con- 
ditions appear  to  become  more  favorable  for  the  occurence  of  ehromite 
as  one  goes  soutli  along  this  serpentine  zone.  This  last  named  claim, 
comprising  40  acres,  was  purchased  ]\rarch  19,  1918,  by  Mrs.  P.  A, 
Hearst  for  the  sum  of  $1000. 

Rancho  Piedra  Blanca.     On  this  ranch,   owned  by  Mrs.   Phoebe 
Hearst,  of  San  Francisco,  ehromite  is  reported  to' occur,  but  no  develop"-;! 
ment  of  the  deposits  has  been  attempted.    The  property  is  located  in- 
Sec.  4,  T.  25  S.,  R.  7  E. 

Rancho  Santa  Manuela.  A  deposit  of  good  grade  ehromite  is  founc 
on  this  property,  six  miles  northeast  of  Arroyo  Grande,  along  the 
creek  of  the  same  name.    T.  Steele,  Arroyo  Grande,  owner. 

Rancho  Santa  Rita.  Eight  miles  northeast  of  Cayucos,  on  this 
ranch,  ehromite  of  good  quality  is  found  on  the  surface.     Some  ore 


MANGANESE    AND    CHROMIUM.  177 

was  shipped  from  here  hctwoeii  1880  ;nul  1890  l)ii1  no  mining  has  been 
(lone  since. 

Russ  Deposit.  On  a  ranch  owned  by  Antone  D.  Russ  in  See.  4, 
T.  25  S.,  K.  6  E.,  a  small  deposit  of  chrome  is  being  developed  by  the 
owner.     It  is  stated  that  a  good  grade  of  chromite  is  being  extracted. 

San  Carpojaro  Creek  and  Arroyo  La  Cruz  Deposits.  Two  claims 
known  as  the  Owl  #1  and  Owl  $2  have  been  located  l)y  Francisco  J. 
Estrada  and  C.  iNIarcel  Garcia  of  San  Simeon,  Cal.  These  claims  are 
situated  in  See.  12,  T.  25  S.,  R.  7  E.,  on  the  divide  between  San 
Carpojaro  Creek  and  Arroyo  La  Cruz.  They  are  at  an  elevation  of 
2150  ft.  and  about  eight  miles  north  of  San  Simeon,  and  30  to  40  miles 
southwest  of  Bradley,  a  station  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad.  The 
chromite  occurs  in  a  serpentine  belt  which  strikes  N.  50^  W.  Along 
this  belt  considerable  float  ore  is  found  and  on  the  north  slope  of  the 
ridge  a  small  open  cut  has  exposed  an  outcrop  of  massive  chromite  of 
good  grade.  The  orebody  is  about  five  feet  wide  and  the  possibilities  are 
that  a  large  lens  of  ore  could  be  developed.  The  inaccessibility  of  the 
deposit,  due  to  the  roughness  of  the  country,  and  its  distance  from 
railroad  transportation,  makes  it  a  difficult  matter  to  get  the  material 
out,  and  no  development,  outside  of  assessment  work,  has  been  at- 
tempted. 

Sweetwater  Chrome  Mine.  Located  in  Sec.  12,  T.  29  S.,  R.  11  E., 
approximately  17  miles  northwest  of  San  Luis  Obispo,  and  five  to  seven 
miles  northeast  of  Morro  Rock  in  an  air  line.  This  group,  also  known 
as  the  Pierce  and  Benadom  groi;p,  embraces  the  Chromic  Acid,  Chromic 
Acid  Extension.  Rocky  Road,  Last  Hope,  Sweetwater  No.  1,  No.  2  and 
No.  3  claims. 

On  the  Sweetwater  claims  which  lie  on  the  northwest  slope  of  the 
hill  at  an  elevation  of  1600  ft.,  a  series  of  tunnels  have  been  driven 
southeast,  at  different  elevations,  on  a  well  defined  fissure  in  the  serpen- 
tine. At  different  points  along  the  general  strike  of  this  fissure  a 
succession  of  kidneys  or  chromite  have  been  developed  by  this  work. 
These  kidneys  of  ore  vary  in  size,  but  three  well  defined  lenses  have 
been  opened  up  which  have  a  length  of  60  ft.  and  a  width  of  from 
4  to  6  ft.  The  general  strike  of  the  fissure  is  N.  60°  W.  with  a  dip  of 
60°  to  the  northeast.  On  top  of  the  ridge  there  is  an  open  cut  60  ft. 
long  which  connects  with  a  tunnel  of  equal  length.  These  workings 
show  two  well  defined  lenses  of  ore  of  good  quality.  A  cross-cut  has 
been  driven  whjch  cuts  the  lenses  30  ft.  lower  down.  The  surface 
workings  on  these  claims  extend  for  100  ft.  along  the  general  strike  of 
the  fissure,  and  about  1000  tons  of  ore  running  45%  chromic  oxide  and 
8%  silica  have  been  developed.     The  ore  is  hauled  to  Goldtree  Station, 

12— 38f)5S 


178  CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 

on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  a  distance  of  18  miles  at  a  cost  of 
$4.50  per  ton.  From  100  to  150  tons  per  month  are  being  shipped 
and  returns  show  the  average  of  shipments  so  far  made  to  be  46% 
chromic  oxide. 

The  other  claims  have  been  somewhat  developed  by  shallow  open  cuts 
and  short  tunnels  and  a  small  amount  of  ore  has  been  uncovered.  With 
systematic  work  a  large  tonnage  of  good  grade  chrome  could  be  de- 
veloped on  these  claims.  Six  men  are  employed.  The  property  is 
under  lease  to  Wm.  Hollister  of  San  Luis  Obispo.  W.  W.  Pierce, 
G.  W,  Benadom  and  Annie  Pierce  of  Morro,  are  the  locators  and 
owners. 

Welsh  Ranch  Deposit.  On  the  Joseph  C.  Welsh  Ranch,  in  Sec.  4, 
T.  31  S.,  R.  11  E.,  eight  miles  west  of  San  Luis  Obispo,  a  trench  has 
uncovered  a  small  lens  of  good  grade  chromite. 

James  Wheeler,  and  associates  of  Santa  Margarita,  have  recently 
located  a  number  of  claims  for  copper  and  chromite  along  the  summit 
of  the  Santa  Lucia  Range,  extending  about  two  miles  along  the  ridge 
at  a  distance  of  four  to  seven  miles  south  of  Santa  Margarita.  Such 
of  the  ore  as  has  been  developed  by  shallow  cuts,  is  rather  low  grade, 
being  mixed  with  a  good  deal  of  serpentine,  but  the  region  is  so  hard 
to  prospect  that  bodies  of  good  ore  might  easily  be  present  without 
having  been  found.  About  one  and  one-half  miles  from  the  Marquart 
Antimony  Mine,  on  government  land,  massive  chromite  of  good  quality 
is  reported  to  have  been  found,  the  largest  boulders  being  about  one 
ton  in  weight. 

Zerfing  Ranch  Deposit.  A  deposit  of  chrome  occurs  on  the  prop- 
erty of  Arthur  L.  Zerfing  of  Cayucos.  The  deposit  is  located  five  miles 
east  of  Cayucos  in  the  SE.  i  of  Sec.  24,  T.  28  S.,  R.  10  E.,  at  an 
elevation  of  500  ft.  A  streak  of  chromite,  striking  N.  60°  E.,  and  dip- 
ping to  the  south,  crosses  the  Old  Creek  and  Santa  Rita  Road.  The  vein 
varies  in  width  from  8"  to  2'  and  has  been  opened  up  along  the  strike 
for  a  distance  of  60  ft.  It  is  planned  to  drive  a  tunnel  below  the 
road  which  will  give  some  depth  below  the  open  cut  on  the  upper  side, 
as  the  course  of  the  vein  is  across  the  hill  on  the  upper  side  of  the 
road.  About  10  tons  of  ore  have  been  extracted,  and  reported  to  run 
46%  chromic  oxide  with  8%  silica.  The  cost  of  hauling  the  ore  to  San 
Luis  Obispo,  the  nearest  railroad  point,  a  haul  of  25  miles,  is  from 
$4.50  to  $5.00  per  ton.  The  property  is  leased  to  E.  J.  Wear  of  Paso 
Robles,  who  is  doing  the  development  work. 

Bibl. :  U.  S.  G.  S.  Bull.  No.  430.     U.  S.  G.  S.  San  Luis  Folio  No.  101. 

Cal.  State  Min,  Bur.,  Report  on  Mines  and  Mineral  Resources 

of  San  Luis  Obispo  County,  1916. 


« 


MANGANESE    AND    CHROMIUM.        ^  179' 

SANTA   BARBARA   COUNTY. 

Santa  Barbara  County  adjoins  and  closely  resembles  San  Luis  Obispo 
in  geographic  and  geologic  structure.  Chromic  ii'on  deposits  for 
which  the  latter  county  is  noted  are  by  no  means  absent  from  Santa 
Barbara,  but  they  have  not  been  eltensively  developed  yet.  Satis- 
factory production  of  chrome  ore  has  been  made  during  1918,  and 
there  are  attractive  possibilities,  especially  in  the  San  Rafael  range. 

Los  Olivos  Deposit.  There  is  a  deiiosit  of  chromite  in  the  San 
Rafael  range  of  mountains,  16  miles  east  of  Los  Olivos.  The  chromite 
occurs  in  a  serpentine  belt  which  strikes  northwest  and  southeast  about 
}  mile  north  of  the  Happy  Cafion  and  Acachuma  wagon  road.  This 
territory  is  included  in  the  Santa  Barbara  Forest  Reserve. 

A  number  of  years  ago  P.  B.  Montanaro  of  Los  Olivos  opened  up  a 
lens  of  chrome  which  strikes  north  and  south,  and  by  means  of  a  shal- 
low open  cut  extracted  about  20  tons  of  ore,  which  still  lies  on  the  dump. 
In  those  days  the  price  was  too  low  to  pay  for  hauling  the  material  to 
the  railroad,  and,  besides,  in  this  instance,  the  lens  mined  was  a  small 
one  and  no  other  ore  was  developed.  On  the  same  ridge  considerable 
tioat  chrome  was  noticed  and  with  further  prospecting  it  is  quite  possible 
that  other  lenses  of  ore  will  be  found  in  this  locality. 

La  Lagnna  Ranch  Chrome  Deposit.  The  deposit  is  situated  in  the 
San  Rafael  Mountain  range  on  the  ridge  between  Figueroa  and  Coral- 
les  Creek,  at  an  elevation  of  2500  feet.  It  lies  on  the  north  corner  of 
the  La  Laguna  Ranch  about  1  mile  southeast  of  the  F.  M.  Tunnel  ranch 
and  12  miles  northeast  of  Los  Olivos.  A  large  amount  of  chrome  float 
is  found  in  the  serpentine  areas  on  the  ridge  and  in  the  gulches.  On 
the  southeast  slope  of  the  ridge  there  are  7  large  boulders  of  massive 
chromite  which  weigh  about  1  ton  each.  Three  of  these  boulders  lie  in 
a  line  with  northwest  and  southeast  strike,  giving  the  impression  that  a 
large  lens  of  chromite  might  be  developed.  The  country  where  the 
chromite  occurs  is  rough  and  almost  inaccessible,  which  accounts  for  the 
deposit  not  being  developed,  as  the  cost  of  building  a  road  to  the  prop- 
erty would  be  large.  It  is  owned  by  the  La  Laguna  Ranch  Co.,  W.  H, 
Bradley,  Secy.,  320  Chamber  of  Commerce  Bldg.,  Pasadena,  Cal. 

O'Donnell  and  Burns  Mining  Co.  of  Santa  Ynez,  took  a  5-year  lease 
early  in  1918  of  mineral  rights  on  70,000  acres  of  land  east  and  south- 
east of  Los  Olivos  and  Santa  Ynez.  Active  prospecting  by  0  'Donnell 
resulted  in  the  discovery  of  lenses  of  high  grade  chromite,  and  pro- 
duction has  continued  since,  a  force  of  30  to  40  men  being  employed 
at  present  (September,  1918).  Six  miles  of  new  road  had  to  be  built. 
Ore  so  far  shipped  has  come  from  points  12  to  15  miles  southeast  of 
Los  Olivos,  the  rail  point,  and  the  haul  is  said  to  cost  $7  a  ton.  Mr. 
O'Donnell  reports  that  none  of  the  ore  sold  has  carried  less  than  45% 
CrjOs  and  that  the  last  three  cars  averaged  49%,  51%  and  53%  Cr^Os, 


180  CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 

respectively.  One  lens  yielded  2(')i)  tons.  At  present  a  large  lens  is 
being  mined  by  a  drift,  which  has  been  driven  60  feet  in  ore.  Devel- 
opment at  this  property  is  expensive,  as  the  lenses  of  ore  do  not  outcrop 
and  considerable  unproductive  prospecting  has  l)een  found  necessary. 
The  high  grade  of  the  ore  makes  a  good  profit  possible,  however,  in  | 
spite  of  high  costs.  The  operators  expect  to  make  a  total  production  i 
of  about  1000  tons  for  1918.  Teams  and  one  auto  truck  are  used  for 
hauling,  the  truck  being  kept  in  practically  continuous  service,  day 
and  night. 

Pt.  Sal.  Deposits  of  chromite  occur  in  the  hills  southwest  of  Pt.  Sal, 
and  in  the  San  Rafael  Mountains,  south  of  Santa  Inez.  As  these  occur- 
rences are  small  and  inaccessible,  they  have  never  been  developed. 

Bibl. :  Cal.  State  Min.  Bur.,  Report  on  Mines  and  Mineral  Re- 
sources of  Santa  Barbara  County,  1916. 

SANTA  CLARA   COUNTY. 

Kilday  Ranch  Deposit.  Several  small  lenses  of  chromite  have  been 
developed  on  this  property  which  lies  along  the  top  of  a  ridge,  pro])ably 
1000  feet  in  elevation  above  Guadalupe  Caiion  and  eight  miles  south- 
east of  Los  Gatos.  The  ridge  here  is  capped  with  a  decomposed  ser- 
pentine, and  chromite  has  been  found  at  several  different  places,  but 
thus  far  no  large  deposit  has  been  uncovered,  and  there  is  very  little  ore 
now  exposed.  About  eighty  tons  of  the  ore  was  shipped  out  by  the 
Farish  Co.,  Insurance  Exchange  Bldg.,  San  Francisco,  during  1916, 
but  no  work  has  been  done  since.  M.  J.  Kilday  of  Los  Gatos  is  the 
owner.  3! 

Laurel  Lake  Ranch  Deposit.  J.  A.  Ferbrache  of  Gilroy,  is  develop- 
ing a  deposit  of  high  grade  black  chromite  on  his  property  seven  miles 
northwest  of  Gilroy.  The  serpentine  in  which  the  chrome  ore  occurs 
outcrops  prominently  along  the  ridge  south  of  Uvas  Creek.  Associated 
with  the  serpentine  is  a  peridotite,  thin  sections  of  which  have  been 
examined  microscopically  and  show  phases  high  in  olivine,  and  also 
approaching  augite  picrite.  Although  still  retaining  its  original  out- 
lines, much  of  the  olivine  is  seen  to  be  altered  to  serpentine.  One  large 
boulder  was  uncovered  in  the  loose  soil  capping  and  a  tunnel  is 
being  driven  to  cut  some  leaders  which  occur  in  the  serpentine  above. 
There  have  been  some  shipments  since  the  property  Avas  visited. 

Winship  Properties,  K.  D.  Winship,  #350  Post  Street,  San  Francisco, 
owner;  C.  W.  Rose  and  M.  J.  Gates,  lessees,  :tf211  Pacific  Street,  Santa; 
Cruz.  Chromite  occurs  on  Sec.  11,  T.  6  S.,  R.  4  E.,  and. on  SW.  |  Sec.; 
7,  T.  6  S.,  R.  5  E.,  M.  D.  M.  Holbrook  and  McGuire,  as  sub-lessees  in! 
the  summer  of  1917,  shipped  several  carloads  of  high  grade  chroraitCj 
from  this  property.* 


*Since  the  above  was  written,  T.  &  S.  O'Brien  et  al.,  75  Fremont  St.,  San  Francisco, 
have  leased  this  Sec.  11,  and  are  building  a  50-ton  concentrating  mill  (September, 
1918). 


MANGANESE    AND    CHROMIUM.  181 


I 

^m  SHASTA   COUNTY. 

^■Tn  the  northwestern  corner  of  Shasta  County  there  is  an  area  in  which 
WR-pentine  and  l)asic  igneous  rocks  more  or  less  altered  to  serpentine 
'occur  abundantly.  They  are  contained  within  the  area  mapped- by 
'  Smith^  as  "Paleozoic  metamorphics  undifferentiated:  including  lime- 
stones, slates  and  associated  igneous  and  metamorphie  rocks  of  the 
Klamath  ^Mountains, "  which  extends  from  near  Lamoine,  northeasterly 
to  and  beyond  Dunsmuir.  Though  this  metamorphie  area  appears  on 
both  sides  of  the  Sacramento  River  north  of  Gibson,  no  serpentine  nor 
chromite  have  as  yet  been  reported  east  of  the  river.  From  the  north- 
ern end  of  this  serpentine  belt  has  come  the  second  largest  single  lens  of 
chromite  thus  far  developed  in  the  United  States.  From  the  Little 
Castle  Creek  mine  on  the  creek  of  the  same  name  near  Dunsmuir,  on  the 
Shasta-Siskiyou  County  line,  the  records  of  the  State  Mining  Bureau 
show  that  upwards  of  15,000  tons  of  chromite  were  shipped  from  1900 
to  the  end  of  1916.  Much  of  the  chromite  in  this  district  is  massive  and 
high  grade,  but  some  disseminated  orebodies  have  been  noted  in  at 
least  one  locality. 

Andrews  Claim.  Asa  E.  Andrews,  Lamoine,  in  June,  1917,  was 
developing  a  chrome  prospect  northwest  of  Lamoine,  but  the  Bureau 
has  no  data  to  hand  as  to  whether  any  shipments  of  ore  have  as  yet 
been  made. 

Davis  Group.  (Including  Sunshine  Claim  of  Davis  and  Miller  in 
Sec.  13;  and  the  Live  Oak  claim  of  Davis  in  Sec.  24.)  J.  A.  Davis, 
Hazel  Creek,  post  otfice,  and  San  Rafael,  has  claims  located  on  a  govern- 
ment 40  A.  in  Sec.  13,  T.  37  N.,  R.  5  W.,  M.  D.  M.,  also  in  Sec.  24,  and 
a  lease  on  railroad  land  in  portions  of  Sees.  13,  23  and  25  in  the  same 
township.  In  June  he  had  taken  out  a  small  tonnage  of  medium  grade 
chromite  ore;  but  had  not  as  yet  made  any  shipments,  which  would  go 
via  wagon  road  to  Sims  station  (Hazel  Creek,  post  office)  on  the  main 
line  of  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad.  It  is  stated  that  some  ore  was 
shipped  from  this  Sec.  13  several  years  ago.  Some  sericite  and  chro- 
mium chlorite  are  associated  with  the  chromite. 

Deick  Claims.  AValter  Deick,  Hazel  Creek,  has  locations  on  a 
chromite  prospect  west  of  Sims  station. 

Forest  Queen  and  Gray  Eagle  Chrome  g-roups.  Union  Chrome  Com- 
pany, owner,  #180  Sutter  Street,  San  Francisco;  E.  A.  Wiltsee,  Presi- 
dent and  Manager.  These  properties  on  Boulder  Creek,  west  of  Gibson 
siding,  were  bought  in  1916  from  the  locators,  by  the  above  named 
company,  who  operated  quite  extensively  during  that  year.  The  Forest 
'Queen  :\Iine  is  in  the  NW.  j  of  Sec.  22,  T.  37  N.,  R.  5  W.,  M.  D.  M. 


'Smith,   J.  P.,  Geological  map  of  California,  accompanying  The  geologic  formations 
of  California:  Cal.  State  Min.  Bur.  Bull.  No.  72,  p.   9,   1910. 


182 


CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 


Irregular  shaped  ore  bodies  occurring  in  peridotite  have  been  opened 
by  inclines  and  tunnels.  The  main  workings  consisted  of  a  50'  cross-cut 
at  an  elevation  of  4420',  to  an  orebody  striking  N.  40°  E.  and  pitching 
45°  NW.  The  ore  had  been  stoped  for  150'  in  length  and  100'  in 
depth.  The  body  varied  from  0'-4'  in  width.  The  stopes  are  con- 
nected by  a  60'  incline  shaft  just  west  of  the  tunnel  entrance. 

At  an  elevation  of  4450'  is  a  50'  tunnel  with  a  16'  incline  showing  ore 
from  12"  to  18"  wide  and  from  6'  to  10'  high.  The  ore  appeared  to 
run  about  50%  CraOg. 


38.     Trucks  at   Gibson  Siding  hauling  chromite  ore  from  the   Forest   Queen  MinCj 

Shasta  County. 


Photo  No. 


The  Jumbo,  or  lower  tunnel,  at  an  elevation  of  4400',  had  been  run 
N.  33°  W.  for  a  distance  of  135'.    A  drift  on  the  30'  level  had  been  ml 
east  for  15'  and  one  on  the  40'  level  had  been  run  east  for  25'.     Only 
about  15  tons  of  ore  were  said  to  have  been  taken  from  the  first  drift  ant 
none  from  the  second. 

.  The  ore  from  the  different  workings  was  dropped  to  the  tram  levelj 
at  an  elevation  of  4300',  in  a  150'  incline  chute.  About  1000  tons  of  on 
averaging  43%  CroO,  and  5  to  6%  SiO,  were  reported  to  have  beei 
produced  from  the  property,  100  tons  of  which  were  shipped  in  1917 

Gill  et  al.  had  a  small  tonnage  of  medium-grade  chromite  on  th 
freight  platform  at  Gibson  siding  north  of  Lamoine,  shipment  of  whic! 
it  was  stated  was  being  held  up  on  account  of  litigation.  This  ore  cam< 
from  a  deposit  on  Shotgun  Creek  about  a  mile  above  the  Sacramentc 
Eiver. 


MANGANESE   AND    CHROMIUM. 


183 


Grafton  Claim.  George  Grafton,  Lamoine,  is  reported  to  have  a 
chrome  prospect  eight  miles  northwest  of  Lamoine. 

Hearst  Property.     Mrs.  Phoebe  A.  Hearst,  Hearst  Building,  San 

Francisco,  owner;  F.  J.  Solinsky,  Jr.,  lessee,  #729  New  Call  Building, 

San  Francisco.     Some  ore  has  been  shipped  by  the  lessee  from  lenses 

opened  up  on  land  owned  by  Mrs.  Hearst,  southwest  of  Dunsmuir,  and 

near  the  Little  Castle  Creek  properties.     From  two  to  eight  men  were 

employed.    Hauling  to  the  railroad  is  done  with  teams. 

tr     Hoy  Claims.     E.  K.  Hoy,  Dunsmuir,  in  June  had  2  men  at  work 

■  developing  a  chromite  prospect  on  Sec.  15,  T.  37  N.,  R.  5  W.,  three  miles 

■south  of  west  from  Sims.    The  chromite  is  massive  and  apparently  high 

grade.    Hauling  would  be  done  via  Gibson. 

Ida  Chrome  Group.  Locations  in  this  group  on  Sec.  25,  T.  37  N., 
R.  5  W.,  M.  D.  M.,  on  Campbell  Creek  near  Sims  are  stated  to  have 
lapsed  and  are  now  included  in  the  Davis  group  (see  ante.) 

Little  Castle  Creek  Mine  (formerly  also  known  as  the  Brown  Mine), 
California  Chrome  Company,  owner;  E.  F.  Price,  president.  Forty- 
second  St.  Building,  New  York,  N.  Y. ;  Geo.  H.  Lindsay,  assistant  secre- 
tary; J.  B.  Huffard,  vice-president  and  manager,  Kohl  Building,  San 


Photo  No.  39.     Edge  of  caved  ground  at  surface  of  Little  Castle  Creek  Mine,  after  extraction 

of  the  ore  by  caving  system, 


li 


fa)     Plan 


seco 


NO   LE 


^EL 


-•'";-fl--rr"'?^^^ 

A., 

-^ 

\ 

1 

^ 

0" 

PLATE  V 


H'"5. 


,f?5 


b«^ 


tf. 


(b)  Longitudinal  Section  through  A -A 


rcrop.  ^inf-ef  Diseorcrf 


CCOND       LEVCL 


^^r^^^^^^_ 


LorycK   ruNHLL 


(c)Transverse  Section  through  B-B 


FIRST  LLVEL 


COND  LBVEL 


Loiyer  Tunnel 


bCALE 


CALIFORNIA  STATE  MINING-BUREAU' 
'  I 

Sections  OF  Chromite  Deposi 

ON 

Little  Castle  Creek 

SHASTA  CO,  CAL. 

ACCOMP*"lN6   8uLLCT)li    HfTS  ATTCR   i 


MANGANESE    AND    CHROMIUM. 


185 


Francisco.  This  property  is  in  Sec.  2,  T.  3f8  N.,  R.  4  W.,  about  three  miles 
south  of  west  from  Duusnuii.',  on  the  ridge  on  the  south  side  of  Little 
Castle  Creek,  and  on  the  Shasta-Siskiyou  county  line.  Most  of  the  ore 
has  come  from  the  Shasta  side  of  the  line.  The  claims  were  located  in 
1906  by  L.  H.  Brown  of  Dunsmuir,  who  operated  them  more  or  less 
continuously  up  to  July.   1^1-''.   ^vl^^^n  he  sold  to  the  present  owners. 


Photo   No.  40.       Aerial  tramway  at  Little   Castle  Creek  Mine  of  the   California 
Chrome   Company,   Shasta   County. 

This  deposit  has  yielded  the  largest  tonnage  of  any  single  lens  or  segre- 
gation of  chromite  yet  developed  in  the  United  States  (except  one  at 
Lancaster,  Pa.,  early  in  the  19th  century),  the  records  of  the  State 
Mining  Bureau  showing  a  production  of  approximately  15,000  tons  to 

the  end  of  1916. 

The  lens  apexed  at  the  surface  and  Brown  worked  it  through  adit 
crosscuts  and  stopes.     The  present  owners  drove  a  lower  crosscut,  which 


186 


CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 


bottomed  the  lens,  through  to  the  farther  wall  of  the  ore  body;  then 
stoped  the  ore  out  by  adopting  a  system  of  allowing  the  ground  to  cave 
behind  them.  The  effect  of  this  at  the  surface  is  seen  in  part  in  Photo 
No.  39.  Amphibole  asbestos  is  associated  with  the  orebody  on  one 
wall  and  a  talc  gouge  up  to  2'  thick  on  the  other  wall.  On  the  asbestos 
side  some  disseminated  ore  occurs.  Outside  of  the  talc  gouge  the 
country  rock  is  an  enstatite  peridotite  in  part  altered  to  serpentine. 
Occurring  in  vesicles  or  vugs  in  the  chromite,  in  places  were  found 
some  beautiful  wiue-eolored  crystals  of  the  chromium  chlorite  mica 
(kammererite  or  kotzchubeite.) 


Photo    No.    41.     Ford-motor  locomotive   and   train    (30"   guage)    for   hauling   chromite   to 
main-line  railroad,  by  California  Chrome   Company,  near  Dunsmuir. 


J 


The  following  description  and  accompanying  drawings  are  taken  fro 
a  recent  report  by  Diller^  from  material  furnished  through  the  courtesy 
of  Mr.  J.  R.  Van  Fleet,' engineer  in  charge  for  the  California  Chrome 
Company : 

"The  ore  body  on  the  first  mine  level  is  146  feet  long  in  a  direction  N.  40°  E.  and 
40  feet  wide,  with  a  height  of  54  feet.  On  the  second  mine  level  30  feet  below,  the 
length  increased  to  nearly  160  feet  but  decreased  by  half  in  width  and  thickness. 

"The  country  rock  of  the  chromite  ore  body  is  in  part  peridotite  but  chiefly  pyrox- 
enite,  which  exhibits  large  cleavage  surfaces  often  several  feet  in  extent.  These 
cleavage  surfaces  are  sometimes  spotted  with  grains  of  olivine,  giving  the  surface  a 
decidedly  greenish  color.  Along  the  east  wall  the  pyroxenite  has  been  altered  into 
serpentine,  which  gradually  merges  into  the  parent  rock  in  a  few  feet.     On  the  south 

'Diller,  J.  S.,  Chromite  in  1916:  U.  S.  Q.  S.,  Min.  Res.  of  U.  S.,  1916,  Part  I, 
pp.    28-30.    1917. 


MANGANESE    AND    CHROMIUM. 


187 


end  of  the  ore  body  there  was  a  mass  of  heavy  black  rock,  probably  dunite,  which  to 
the  uninitiated  was  easily  mistaken  for  chromite.  Along  the  east  wall  there  was  a 
decided  line  of  cleavage  between  the  ore  and  the  wall,  the  ore  coming  away  freely 
and  clean;  while  on  the  west  side  there  was  no  line  of  demarcation,  the  ore  grading 
off  into  the  wall  rock  and  often  large  masses  of  the  wall  rock  intruding  into  the 
ore  body  This  same  occurrence  also  existed  on  the  top  10  feet  of  the  south  end. 
The  ore  body  was  characterized  by  numerous  seams  throughout.  These  seams  were 
filled  with  a  clay  gouge  containing  fine  particles  of  chromite  and  olivine,  were  from 
the  thickness  of  a  knife  blade  to  several  inches  in  width,  and  the  surfaces  of  the 
chromite  adjacent  were  smooth  but  showed  no  striations  due  to  faulting.  There  was 
no  system  of  these  seams  apparent  except  that  they  were  generally  wedge-shaped, 
always  with  the  large  end  down,  making  the  ore  exceedingly  hcavv  and  hard  to  hold 
with  timbers.  There  was  one  well-defined  fault,  which  penetrated  the  ore  body  about 
through  its  center  of  mass  in  a  northwesterly  direction,  and  like  the  ore  body  dipped 
to  the  northeast  about  75°.  The  position  of  this  fault  is  shown  at  both  levels  on  the 
plan  of  the  deposit  submitted.  No  evidence  of  any  vertical  throw  was  found,  but 
there  was  a  transverse  or  horizontal  throw  of  about  5  feet  on  the  first  level.  On  the 
second  level  there  was  no  throw  observed.  Along  this  fault  plane  there  was  a  zone 
of  about  4  feet  in  thickness  of  muddy  clay  containing  fragments  of  chromite  from  fine 
particles  to  several  hundred  pounds  in  size.  The  walls  of  the  adjacent  chromite  were 
smooth." 


Photo   No.   42.     Jig  used  for  concentrating  low-grade  chromite  at   Little   Castle   Creek   Mine   of 

California   Chrome   Company,    Shasta   County. 


The  shipping-  ore  averaged  45%-48%  CroOj.  An  aerial  tramway 
1600'  in  length  (see  photo  No.  40)  transported  the  ore  from  the  mine 
to  the  loading  bunker  at  the  creek,  whence  it  was  hauled  over  a  30-inch 
gauge  railroad  one  mile  to  the  main  line  of  the  Southern  Pacific,  south 
of  Dunsmuir.  A  Ford-motor  locomotive,  geared  down,  furnished  the 
power  (see  photo  No.  41)  and  side-dump  cars  were  used.  The  operat- 
ing cost  for  oil  and  gasoline  is  stated  to  have  been  $1.00  per  day  for 
hauling  50  tons,  the  distance  of  one  mile.  The  topography  is  very  steep, 
the  elevation  at  the  creek  level  being  3000'  (U.  S.  G.  S.),  and  approxi- 


188  CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 

mately  4000'  at  the  upper  terminal  of  the  tram.  A  jig  (see  photo  No.  42) , 
such  as  is  used  at  the  electric  smelter  at  Niagara  Falls,  New  York, 
for  cleaning  ferro-chrome  slag,  was  being  used  to  concentrate  low  grade 
and  disseminated  ore  from  the  waste  dumps.  This  jig  handled  10  tons 
])er  8  hours,  and  was  driven  by  attaching  a  lower-gear  wheel  to  the 
drive  shaft  of  the  Ford  locomotive,  above-mentioned.  The  sand  (hutch) 
c(mcentrate  assayed  38%  Cr.O^,  and  the  coarse  concentrate  43%.  Be- 
ing a  large  orebody  and  favorably  situated,  mining  and  transportation 
costs  were  here  much  lower  than  the  average  obtaining  for  chrome  min- 
ing in  California.  While  this  main  lens  appears  to  have  been  worked 
out,  it  is  thought  that  further  development  work  may  yet  reveal  others, 
as  there  are  others  in  the  same  belt  nearby. 

Bibl. :  Mines  &  Mineral  Res.  of  Shasta  et  al.  counties,  p.  11,  1915; 
also  in  Report  XIV,  p.  755,  1916.  U.  S.  G.  S.,  Min.  Res.  of  U.  S., 
1916,  Pt.  I,  pp.  28-30. 

Lone  Pine  Claim.  E.  A.  Curtis  has  a  claim  located  on  a  chromite 
prospect  in  Sec.  13,  T.  37  N.,  R.  5  W. 

Miles  &  Westover  Claims.  I).  E.  Miles,  #1515  Lafayette  street, 
Alameda,  and  Wm.  Westover,  Hazel  Creek,  have  claims  located  on 
chromite  prospects  in  Sees.  14  and  34,  T.  37  N.,  R.  5  W.,  near  Sims 
station. 

Miller  Claims.  Fred  Miller  et  al..  Hazel  Creek,  have  a  group  of 
four  or  five  claims  located  on  chromite  prospects  near  Gibson  siding, 
and  some  ore  has  been  shipped  this  year. 

The  Noble  Electric  Steel  Company  (formerly  Priem  &  Dougherty 
group;  also  known  as  Shotgun  Creek  Mines)  #995  Market  Street,  San 
Francisco,  has  two  patented  claims  in  Sec  24,  and  one  in  Sec.  13,  T.  37 
N.,  R.  5  W.,  on  Shotgun  Creek  south  of  west  from  Sims  station.  Sev- 
eral years  ago  when  these  claims  were  operated  by  the  former  owners, 
a  total  of  approximately  3000  tons^  of  chromite  was  shipped  for  use  in 
furnace  bottoms  at  a  number  of  copper  smelters  in  several  western 
states,  particularly  at  the  Bully  Hill  and  Keswick  smelters  in  Shasta 
County.  The  ore  is  massive,  high-grade  chromite,  occurring  in  irregu- 
lar lenses  in  serpentine.  The  present  owners  have  reopened  these  mines 
and  resumed  shipments  in  1917. 

Bibl. :  Bull.  38,  pp.  270-271,  1906 ;  Mines  &  Mineral  Res.  of  Shasta 
et  al.  counties;  p.  11,  1915;  Report  XIV,  p.  755,  1916. 

Shotg-un  Creek  Mines— See  Gill ;  also  Noble  Electric  Steel  Company. 
Sperry  Prospect.     P.  and  Clarence  Sperry,  Lamoine,  have  a  chro- 
mite prospect  on  Shoemaker  Mountain  near  Lamoine. 


^Forstner.  Wm.,  et  al.,  Structural  and  Industrial  Minerals  of  California:  Cal.  State 
Min.  Bur.,  Bull.  3S,  p.  271,  1906. 


MANGANESE    AND    CHROMIUM.  189 

SIERRA   COUNTY. 

The  Camptonville  clnomc  property  is  si.\  miles  northeast  of  Caiiip- 
lonville  on  the  road  to  Brandy  City.  Chrome  ore  occurring  in  serpen- 
tine was  mined  and  hauled  to  Oroville.  About  180  tons  of  ore,  averaging 
over  45%  CroOg  are  said  to  have  been  shipped  in  the  fall  of  1916. 

The  Gibsonville  chrome  property  is  in  Sec.  29,  T.  22  N.,  R.  10  E., 
M.  D.  M.,  two  miles  east  of  Gibsonville,  at  an  elevation  of  5800'.  It 
includes  five  claims  called  Chrome  Nos.  1,  2,  3,  4  and  5,  owned  by  W.  T. 
Baldwin  of  Oroville,  and  Leon  Cluff  and  G.  W.  Chamberlain  of  Quincy. 

Bodies  of  chrome  ore  occur  in  serpentine  and  peridotite.  The  work- 
ings on  No.  1  claim  are  300^  west  of  the  road  to  llowland  Flat,  on  the 
east  side  of  Slate  Creek  at  an  elevation  of  5300'.  An  orebody  striking 
east-west  and  pitching  85°  south  had  been  open  cut  10'  deep  and  16' 
long  on  the  west  face  of  the  hill.  The  deposit  looked  as  though  it  might 
open  out  if  followed  eastward  into  the  hill.  Approximately  20  tons 
of  ore  had  been  corded  for  shipment. 

Development  work  on  No.  2  claim  had  been  done  on  a  ridge  NE.  of 
Gibsonville  above  the  road  to  Rowland  Flat.  A  lens  of  chromite 
4'  wide,  5'  deep  and  10'  long  had  been  mined,  which  struck  N.  45°  E. 
and  pitched  80°  NW.  About  eight  tons  of  38-40%  ore  had  been  piled 
for  shipment. 

A  claim  owned  b}^  Leon  Cluff  on  the  southeast  slope  of  the  same  hill, 
had  yielded  35  tons  of  45%  ore.  The  chrome  occurred  in  form  of  a 
chimney,  6'  by  8',  which  narrowed  at  a  depth  of  10  feet. 

An  assay  of  ore  taken  from  the  three  claims  is  said  to  have  averaged 
over  40%  CrgOs.    Three  men  were  employed. 

SISKIYOU  COUNTY. 

The  districts  in  Siskiyou  Countj^  in  which  chromite  has  so  far  been 
developed  commercially  are  in  the  vicinity  of  Callahan,  Etna  Mills, 
Fort  Jones,  Yreka  and  Gazelle.  In  addition,  occurrences  as  yet  un- 
developed have  been  noted  near  Hamburg  and  west  of  Sisson.  These 
are  found  in  disconnected  areas  of  serpentine  all  of  which  appear  to  be 
within  the  areas  mapped  by  Smith^  as  "Paleozoic  metamorphics  un- 
differentiated ;  including  limestones,  .slates  and  associated  igneous  and 
metamorphic  rocks  of  the  Klamath  INIountains."  So  far  as  developed, 
the  best  grade  of  ore  in  this  county  has  come  from  the  Callahan 
district,  where  the  chromite  occurs  more  in  the  massive  form  and  in 
larger  lenses.  The  writer  also  noticed  that  in  the  Callahan  district  the 
alteration  of  the  original  peridotites  to  serpentine  seems  not  to  have  pro- 
ceeded to  as  advanced  a  stage  as  in  the  districts  to  the  north.  In  the 
region  about  Yreka,  particularly,  considerable  sericite  and  chromium 


(1)   Smith,  J.  P..  Geological  map  of  California,  accompanying.  The  geologic  forma- 
tions of  California:  Cal.  State  Min.  Bur.,  Bull.  No.  72,  p.  9,  1916. 


190  CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 

chlorite  witli  some  ehronie  ochre  are  associated  with  the  chrouiite.  At 
Callahan  the  principal  avssociated  secondary  mineral  is  the  green 
chrome-garnet,  nvarovite,  some  beautiful  crystals  of  which  were 
obtained,  by  the  writer  at  The  Chrome  Mine  of  Alonzo  Bingham,  south- 
west of  Callahan.  Geologically,  the  Coggins  mine  on  Little  Castle 
Creek  south  of  Dunsmuir  belongs  with  the  district  north  from  Lamoine 
in  Shasta  County^  though  this  one  mine  of  that  belt  is  on  the  Siskiyou 
side  of  the  county  line. 

The  railroad  shipping  point  for  the  Etna  Mills  and  Fort  Jones 
districts  is  Yreka,  which  is  the  terminus  of  the  Yreka  Railroad  con- 
necting with  the  Southern  Pacific  at  Montague.  The  deposits  are  from 
15  to  35  miles  from  Yreka.  Ore  from  the  Callahan  district  reaches  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad  at  Gazelle,  which  is  28  miles  from  Callahan. 

Bibl. :  Cal.  State  Min.  Bur.,  Bull.  38,  pp.  272,  363 ;  Report  on  Mines 
and  Mineral  Resources  of  Shasta  et  al.  counties,  p.  72,  1915; 
Report  XIV,  p.  816,  1916. 

Ball  Ranch,  IMrs  Ball,  owner,  Etna  Mills;  G.  S.  Marks,  lessee, 
Etna  Mills.  From  this  prospect  in  Sec.  16,  T.  41  N.,  R.  9  W.,  M.  D.  M., 
near  Etna  Mills,  the  lessee  had,  when  visited  in  May,  1917,  shipped  a 
few  tons  of  medium-grade  chromite  from  two  small  open-cuts.  The 
lenses  of  ore  appear  to  be  small. 

Bingham's  Mine.     See  The  Chrome  Mine. 

Burns  Ranch  (formerly  Harris  Ranch).  W.  L.  Burns,  owner, 
Gazelle.  Patented.  This  is  on  Willow  Creek,  in  Sec.  16,  T.  42  N., 
R.  6  W.,  M.  D.  M.,  four  miles  west  of  Gazelle.  The  Shasta  River  irri- 
gation ditch  passes  through  the  ranch  a  few  yards  below  the  chromite 
deposit.  The  lens  so  far  as  developed  is  flat-lying  and  small,  and 
there  is  also  some  disseminated  chromite  in  the  serpentine  surrounding 
the  main  orebody.  One  carload  of  ore  was  shipped  in  1916  by  lessees, 
a  portion  of  which  is  stated  to  have  analyzed  56%,  but  most  of  the 
material  in  sight  when  visited  by  the  writer  was  of  only  medium 
grade.  There  is  still  some  loose  float  scattered  over  the  hillside  in  the 
vicinity,  so  that  there  may  be  other  lenses  not  yet  uncovered.  About 
one-fourth  of  a  mile  to  the  w^est  of  the  chrome  ore  is  an  occurrence  of 
chrysotile  asbestos,  in  which  a  shallow,  prospecting  cut  has  been  made. 
The  material  is  somewhat  hard  and  brittle,  but  fibres  up  to  one  and  one- 
fourth  inches  were  noted. 

Butcher  Hill  Deposits.  Messrs  McNulty  and  Wurster  of  Yreka, 
each  own  40  acres  on  W' hat  is  know'n  locally  as  ' '  Butcher  Hill ' '  about  one 
mile  east  of  town.  On  the  east  side  of  the  hill  on  the  Wurster  ground 
there  is  an  open  cut  from  which  a  few  tons  of  medium  to  low-grade 


•See  p.  181,  ante. 


MANGANEvSE    AND    CHROMIUM. 


191 


chrome  ore  have  been  dug,  but  none  shipped.  At  least  three  small 
lenses  had  been  uncovered.  Tlie  ehromite  is  mixed  with  black  sei-pen- 
tine  and  serieite.  There  is  a  bod}''  of  limestone  on  the  northwest  side 
of  the  hill  apparently  in  contact  with  the  serpentine.  In  a  saddle  at 
the  west  side  of  the  hill,  on  the  McNulty  ground  a  shallow  shaft  had 
been  sunk  in  the  serpentine,  and  about  two  tons  of  a  fair  quality  of 
ehromite  found.  It  was  characterized  bj^  veins  of  the  green  ehrome- 
chlorite.  The  railroad  passes  within  one-fourth  mile  of  these  deposits. 
Coggfins  Deposit.  iVrthur  L.  Coggins,  owner,  Dunsmuir.  This 
deposit  is  three  miles  south  of  west  from  Dunsmuir,  on  the  opposite 


Photo   No.   43.     Loading  bunker  for  ehromite  ore  at   Little   Castle   Creek  near  Dunsmuir,   for 
the  California  Chrome  Company  and   Coggins  mines. 

(north)  side  of  the  canon  and  one-third  of  a  mile  below  the  Little  Castle 
Creek  mine  of  the  California  Chrome  Company,^  which  is  mainly  on  the 
Shasta  side  of  the  Shasta-Siskiyou  County  line.  The  ore  is  transferred 
by  an  aerial  tramway  from  the  workings  on  the  steep  mountain-side  to 
'a  loading  platform  beside  the  narrow-gauge  tracks  of  the  California 
Chrome  Company,  whence  it  is  hauled  to  the  bins  on  the  Southern 
Pacific  main  line  (see  Photo  No.  43).  The  ehromite  occurs  both  mas- 
sive and  disseminated  in  the  peridotite  noted  in  the  description  of  the 


'See    p.  IS 3,  ante. 


192 


CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 


neighboring  property  across  the  canon.  The  average  grade  of  the  fir.st 
1000  tons  of  ore  shipped  by  Coggins  was  40%  Cr^Oa;  but  it  had  to  be 
hand-picked  to  maintain  the  grade.  lie  reports  the  following  analysis 
of  a  representative  sample : 


Constituent. 

Cr.Oa    — 

MgO 

SiO,    

ALOs 

FeO    


Per    cent. 

*  38 

20 

32 

!) 

19 


Photo    No.    44.     Upper    working    of    Coggins    Chrome    Mine    on    Little    Castle 
Creek,   near   Dunsmuir,    Siskiyou    County. 

The  deposit  was  being  Avorked  on  two  levels,  and  of  approximately 
1500  tons  shipped  previous  to  June,  1917,  nearly  all  was  from  the  upper 
cut  and  adit.  (See  Photo  No.  44.) 

In  the  lower  cut  another  lens  of  apparently  higher  grade  material  was 
being  opened  up  when  visited.     In  the  disseminated  ore  at  the  upper 


H 


^Pdi 


MANGANESE  AND  CHROMIUM. 


193 


rkings,  the  small  nodules  and  segregations  of  elironiite  average  about 
^  inch  in  diameter  to  f  inch  long.     At  the  surface  where  the  ferro- 

j  magnesian  minerals  have  weathered  to  a  red  soil,  these  ehromite  nodules 

!  from  an  aggregate  resembling  beans,  and  it  is  known  locally  as  'bean' 
ore.      (See   Photo    No.    45.)      Coggins  stated   that   tests   were   being 

||  made  toward  concentrating  this  material,  as  a  sample  of  the  washed 

j  nodules  had  shown  an  analysis  of  over  40%  Cr^Oa- 


Photo    No.    45.      'Bean'   ore,   at   Coggins   Chrome   Mine,   showing  effect  of  weathering   on   dis- 
^  seminated   chromife   ore. 

IB  Cramer  Ranch,  Chas.  Harris,  owner ;  Edward  F.  Harris,  lessee, 
Wmna,  Mills.  This  prospect  is  in  Sec.  22.  T.  44  N.,  R.  8  W..  M.  D.  M.,  on 
fi  branch  of  Scott  River  near  Fort  Jones  and  about  14  miles  from  Yreka. 
The  lessee  was  developing  a  lens  of  ehromite  in  serpentine,  and  had 
taken  out  a  few  tons  of  medium  grade  ore.  He  reported  that  he  had 
found  ehromite  also  on  the  SW.  ^  of  SW.  ]  of  Sec.  23,  T.  44  N.,  R.  8  W., 
and  had  applied  to  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad  Compan}',  the  owner, 
for  a  lease. 

Chromjte  Group,  J.  F.  Dwyer,  owner.  Yreka.  This  group  of  13 
claims,  designated  as  Chromite  #1-P3  inclusive,  is  in  Sees.  15,  22  and  23, 
T.  46  N.,  R.  11  W.,  M.  D.  M.,  three  miles  west  of  Hamburg  on  the  north 


13— 3S958 


194  CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING  BUREAU. 

side  of  the  Klamath  River,  and  48  miles  from  the  railroad  at  Horn- 
brook.  It  is  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  river  from  the  county  road. 
The  deposit  was  found  by  an  Indian  in  1912,  but  development  work 
was  only  begun  the  past  summer.  The  property  was  not  visited  by  the 
writer,  but  Dwyer  reported  that  both  massive  high-grade  ehromite  and 
a  large  body  of  low-grade  disseminated  ore  occur.  The  latter  resembles 
the  'leopard  ore'  described  at  the  Pilliken  mine  in  El  Dorado  County.^ 
It  is  proposed  to  concentrate  this  material.  The  country  rock  is  an 
altered  peridotite.  The  orebody  is  exposed  20  feet  wide  at  the  surface 
and  is  traceable  for  a  length  of  1200  feet.  An  18-foot  shaft  has  been 
sunk  (December  3,  1917)  on  high-grade  ore,  and  a  cross-cut  tunnel 
is  stated  also  to  have  cut  the  ore  at  30  feet  below  the  surface.  An 
aerial  tramway  could  readily  transfer  the  ore  across  the  river  to  the 
county  road,  from  which  point  Dwyer  estimates  that  the  haul  of  48 
miles  to  Hornbrook  can  be  made  with  motor  trucks  at  a  cost  of  25^ 
per  ton-mile.^  Dwyer  also  has  a  bond  on  a  group  of  chrome  claims  on 
the  south  side  of  Eddy  Mountain,  southwest  of  Sisson.  About  six  miles 
of  wagon  road  will  have  to  be  built  before  shipments  can  be  made. 

Davis  Prospect,  11.  L.  Davis^  owner,  Callahan.  This  claim  located  in 
May,  1917,  is  on  the  western  side  of  Blue  Jay  Meadows,  in  Sec.  10  ( ?), 
T.  39  N.,  R.  9  W.,  M.  D.  M.,  about  10  miles  from  Callahan.  Elevation, 
6000  feet.  It  is  about  a  mile  west  of  Bingham's  mine;  and  development 
work  was  just  starting  on  a  small  outcrop  of  high-grade  ehromite,  when 
the  district  was  visited  by  the  writer  late  in  May.  There  was  still 
some  snow  on  the  ground  at  that  time. 

Dexter  Ranch,  Geo.  Dexter,  owner,  Montague.  A  deposit  of  ehro- 
mite on  this  ranch,  four  miles  west  of  north  from  Montague,  was  opened 
up  under  lease  by  C.  F.  Dougherty  of  Porterville  in  1916  and  several 
carloads  shipped.  The  ore  occurred  in  a  series  of  small  lenses  in 
serpentine  more  or  less  connected,  and  was  worked  by  an  open  cut  and 
drift   (see  Photo  No.  46)   about  50  feet  long.     The  ore  shipped  aver- 


'See  p.  140,  ante. 

==Since  the  above  was  written,  S.  H.  Dolbear  of  San  Francisco  has  taken  over  oper- 
ation of  this  property  (also  referred  to  as  the  Klamatli  Chrome  Mine).  A  bridge  has 
been  built  over  the  Klamath  River,  and  ore  shipments  began  in  Julv,  1918.  (See 
Min.  &  Sci.  Press,  Aug.  24,  1918,  pp.  252-253). 


i 


MANGANESE   AND    CnROMIUM. 


195 


H^ed  36%  Cr._,0.;.  The  crystal  agfi;rvgat('s  of  jlic  chromito  arc  somewhat 
separated  and  surrounded  with  partings  of  sericite  mica,  an  alteration 
product  from  the  serpentine.  It  was  stated  that  the  property  would 
be  reopened  this  year  (1917)  by  the  Union  Chrome  Company  of  San 
Francisco,  as  lessee. 


Photo   No.   46.     Chromite  workings  on   Dexter   Ranch,   near   Montague, 

"Siskiyou  County. 

Dozier  Deposit,  Mr.  Dozier,  owner,  Los  Angeles;  Noble  Electric 
Steel  Company,  lessee,  #995  Market  St.,  San  Francisco;  C.  F.  Dough- 
erty, superintendent  at  mine.  This  is  12  miles  from  Gazelle,  on  agricul- 
tural patented  land  in  Sec.  2,  T.  41  N.,  R.  7  W.,  M.  D.  M.,  on  the  north 
side  of  the  basin  at  the  head  of  Scott  Creek,  and'  about  one  mile  southeast 
lof  where  the  Gazelle-Callahan  road  crosses  the  summit  of  the  ridge. 
A  lens  of  chromite  in  the  serpentine  was  opened  up  here  in  1900  and 
247  tons  of  high  grade  ore  shipped.     The  old  cut  was  8'  wide  and  15' 


196 


CALIFORNIA  STATE    MINING  BUREAU. 


i 


long,  and  })artly  caved.  When  visited,  a  little  ore  was  being  taken 
out  from  the  edges  of  the  old  cut  and  an  adit  being  driven  to  ge^ 
under  it. 

Bibl. :  Cal.  State  Min.  Bur.,  Bull.  No.  38,  p.  272;  Kep.  on  Mines  and 

Mineral  Res.  of  Shasta  et  al.  counties,  p.  72,  1915 ;  Report  XIV^ 

p.  816,  1916. 

Dwyer  Group.     See  Chromite  Group. 

Flederman  Claims,  A.  G.  &  R.  Fledernian,  et  al.,  owners,  Yreka. 
This  chiim  located  in  1917,  is  in  the  S.  i  of  SW.  i,  Sec.  10,  T.  41  N, 
R.  9  W.,  three  miles  from  Etna  Mills,  and  adjoins  the  Marks  lease  on 
the  Ball  ranch.  The  chromite  occurs  in  small  lenses  in  serpentine.  When, 
visited,  one  man  was  working  and  had  taken  out  a  few  tons  of  or^ 
from  an  open-cut.  The  ore  was  sledded  one-half  mile  to  the  auto-truck 
road.  Flederman  also  reports  having  made  locations  on  a  new  find  of 
chromite  in  Sees.  4  and  8,  T.  43  N.,  R.  8  W.  Specimens  of  the  ore 
submitted  to  the  writer  appear  to  be  of  medium  grade. 

Flederman  Leases,  R.  and  A.  G.  Flederman,  Yreka;  W.  H.  Gasso-  | 
way,  et  al.,  Fort  Jones;  have  leases  on  chromite  deposits  on  the  Light- 
hill,  King  and  Sharpe  ranches  near  Fort  Jones,  in  the  hills  on  the 


Photo    No.    47.     Chromite   sacked,    ready   for   shipment,   from    the   Lighthill    Ranch,   near   Fort 
Jones,    Siskiyou   County.     About   10   tons   of  ore   came  from  this  lens. 


I 


I 


MANGANESE   AND    CHROMIUM. 


197 


east  side  of  the  Scott  River  Valley.  The  Lighthill  ranch  is  in  Sec.  28, 
T.  43  N.,  R.  8  W.,  M.  D.  M.  The  chromite  lenses  are  in  serpentine,  and 
are  worked  by  open  cuts.  These  lenses  were  all  small,  the  largest 
one  on  this  ranch  up  to  the  time  visited  having  yielded  10  tons  of 
chromite  (see  Photo  No.  47).  The  ore  is  sledded  down  the  hill  to  the 
auto-truck  road.  A  3|-ton  Packard  truck  makes  two  round  trips  daily 
to  Yreka.  The  Frank  Sharpe  ranch  is  to  the  north  of  Lighthill 's,  and 
the  Antone  King  ranch  is  next  east  of  Sharpe 's.  On  both  of  these, 
promising  chromite  prospects  have  been  found,  and  preparations  were 
being  made  at  the  time  of  the  writer's  visit,  to  begin  development 
work.  On  some  of  the  Lighthill  ranch  chromite,  a  white  efflorescence 
I  appeared  after  exposure  to  the  weather  for  a  few  days.  A  qualitative 
i|  analj'sis  showed  this  white  material  to  be  hydromagnesite,  doubtless 
derived  from  the  serpentine  mixed  with  the  chromite.  The  ore  shipped 
is  stated  to  have  assayed  47%  Cr203. 

Grant  Chrome  Prospect,  Southern  Pacific  Railroad  Company,  owner ; 
J.  M.  Grant,  lessee,  Etna  Mills.  The  lessee  was  preparing  to  start 
development  on  a  chromite  prospect  in  Sec.  25  (?)  T.  42  N.,  R.  9  W., 
M.  D.  M.,  two  miles  east  of  Etna  ^Nlills,  and  near  the  county  road.  The 
writer  picked  up  some  high-grade  float  on  this  prospect. 

Grouse  Creek  Chrome  Mine,  E.  C.  Latchem,  owner,  via  Gazelle  or 
Callahan.     This  is  on  a  patented  placer  gold  property  at  the  junction 


Photo   No.   48.      Cut  in  serpentine,   from  which   a  small   lens    (35   tons)    of  high-grade   chromite 
was  taken,  at  the  Grouse  Creek  Mine,  Siskiyou  County. 


198  CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING  BUREAU. 

of  Grouse  Creek  with  the  east  fork  of  Scott  Kiver  in  Sec.  13,  T.  40  N., 
R.  8  W.,  and  Sec.  19,  T.  40  N.,  R.  7  W.,  M.  D.  M.  Most  of  the  chrome 
has  been  found  in  Sec.  13.  It  is  four  miles  east  of  Callahan  and  25 
miles  from  the  railroad  at  Gazelle.  The  chromite  occurs  in  lenses 
in  a  serpentinized  pyroxenite  or  peridotite.  The  lenses  thus  far 
developed  have  been  small  (see  Photo  No.  48)  but  of  massive, 
high-grade  chromite.  Latchem  states  that  some  samples  have  assayed  as 
high  as  64%  CrgOg,  and  that  no  shipments  yet  sent  out  had  averaged 
under  50%.  The  ore  is  sacked  and  sledded  a  quarter-mile  to  the  wagon 
road,  then  two  miles  in  wagons  to  where  the  auto  trucks  pick  it  up.  The 
mining  is  done  by  contract. 

Harris  Lease.     See  Cramer  Ranch. 

King-  Ranch.     Sec  Fledennan  Leases. 

Lighthill  Ranch.     See  Flederman  Leases. 

Marks  Lease.     See  Ball  Ranch. 

Martin-McKeen  Chrome  Mine.  Ilughey  ^Martin  and  Stewart 
McKeen,  owners;  in  Sec.  34  (?),  T.  40  N.,  R.  9  W.,  M.  D.  M.,  eight 
miles  from  Callahan,  on  the  South  Fork  of  Scott  River.  This  claim  was' 
located  in  1916,  and  one  carload  of  ore  had  been  shipped  up  to  June' 
1st,  1917.  The  ore  was  packed  on  mule-back  to  a  point  three  milas  above 
Callahan,  and  then  hauled  to  Gazelle  by  motor  trucks.  The  ore  is  high- 
grade,  averaging  over  50%  CroOg.  The  first  orebody  at  the  start  of  work 
appeared  to  be  large,  but  on  extraction  proved  to  be  a  shallow  lens  lying 
with  the  slope  of  the  hill,  and  yielded  only  about  30  tons.  There  wer6^ 
several  other  'prospects'  not  yet  developed  when  visited.  The  green 
chrome-garnet,  uvarovite,  and  chrome  ochre  are  as.sociated  with  the. 
chromite.  » 

Masterson  Group.     C.  J.,  Joseph,  and  Mrs.  A.  C.  Masterson,  owners!' 
Callahan.    This  group  in  Sec.  14  (?)  T.  40  N.,  R.  8  W.,  M.  D.  M.,  is  oJ 
a  branch  of  the  East  Fork  of  Scott  River  at  an  elevation  between  6000' 
and  7000'  above  sea  level ;  and  was  under  snow  when  the  district  was 
visited  by  the  writer  in  May,  1917.     It  was  located  in  1916,  and  thet' 
owners  stated  their  intentions  to  begin  development  work  as  soon  agg 
the  snow  was  off.     They  reported  a  large  outcrop   of  disseminated' 
chromite  ore,  with  some  high-grade  material.    It  is  six  miles  from  the 
main  road,  but  wagons  can  get  to  within  two  miles,  wdiere  pack  mules 
will  be  used.     IMasterson  estimates  that  it  will  cost  at  least  $10  per 
ton  to  transport  the  ore  to  the  railroad.     C.  J.  Masterson  reports  he^ 
also  has  a  small  prospect  at  Mountain  House,  12  miles  from  Gazelle,  an^ 
near  the  main  road. 


MANGANESE   AND    CHROMIUM.  199 

McCarthy  Claims.  D.  W.  McCarthy  of  Scott  Bar  reports  he  has 
chromite  eroppings  on  two  claims  between  Fort  Jones  and  Scott  Bar,  at 
14  and  24  miles,  respectively,  distant  from  Fort  Jones.     Undeveloped. 

New  Mills.  Eugene  C.  Belknap  of  Yreka  is  reported  to  be  con- 
sidering the  erection  of  a  plant  for  the  concentration  of  low  grade 
chromite   ores    (May,   1918). 

Sharpe  Ranch  Deposit.     See  Plederman  Leases. 

Souza  Ranch  Deposit.  Geo.  Souza,  OAvner;  L.  A.  Milligan,  lessee, 
Yreka.  It  is  one  mile  southwest  of  the  post  office  at  Yreka.  From  small 
lenses  of  chromite  in  serpentine,  the  lessee  had  dug  out  about  10  tons  of 
medium-grade  ore  from  two  shallow  trenches.  No  ore  had  been  shipped. 
Silica  appears  principally  in  the  form  of  serieite  and  a  pinkish  chro- 
mium-chlorite,  separating  the  grains  of  chromite.  These  occurences  of 
chromite  near  Yreka  are  in  an  area  of  serpentine  and  peridotite  which  is 
from  ^  to  f  mile  wide  and  at  least  seven  miles  long  extending  NE.-SW., 
and  passing  through  the  northwestern  part  of  the  town  of  Yreka, 

Sugar  Creek  Chrome  Claim.  G.  H.  Cory  and  Rex  Sexton,  owners, 
Callahan;  12  miles  northwest  from  Callahan.  A  number  of  small  lenses 
of  chromite  have  been  extracted.  It  is  stated  that  12  such  segregations 
were  required  to  yield  7200  pounds  of  ore.  A  total  of  12  tons  were 
shipped  in  the  spring  of  1917.  When  the  district  was  visited  by  the 
writer,  they  were  idle,  but  Sexton  was  preparing  to  resume. 

The  Chrome  Mine,  Alonzo  Bingham,  owner,  Callahan.  This  group 
consists  of  two  claims,  in  Sec.  12,  T.  39  N.,  R.  9  W.,  M.  D;  M.,  on  the 
ridge  between  Fox  Creek  and  the  South  Fork  of  Scott  River,  eight  miles 
from  Callahan,  five  miles  of  which  is  by  trail;  elevation,  approximately 
6000  feet  (U.  S.  G.  S.).  The  locations  were  made  in  1916,  and  nearly 
200  tons  of  high-grade  chromite  ore  were  shipped  that  year,  stated  to 
have  analyzed  50%-54%  CrjOg.  There  are  several  lenses  of  chromite  in 
serpentine,  the  three  from  which  commercial  production  had  so  far  come 
being  in  alignment,  but  so  far  as  developed  not  shown  to  be  actually 
connected.  The  main  open-cut  and  stope  are  on  the  lowest  of  these 
(see  Photo  No.  49).  From  this  lowest  lens,  considerable  chromite  float 
was  noted  by  the  writer  for  some  distance  down  the  mountain-side. 
When  visited  the  stope  was  4'x6'  wide,  with  chromite  still  showing  in 
the  face  and  sides.  The  chromite  is  mostly  massive  and  high  grade,  but 
there  is  some  disseminated  ore  on  the  edge  of  the  lens.  Crystals  of  the 
green  chrome-garnet,  uvarovite,  occur  in  some  of  the  fractures  in  the 
chromite.     There  are  other  lenses  nearby  not  yet  developed.     The  ore 


200 


CALIFORNIA   STATE    MINING   BUREAU. 


is  sacked  and  packed  by  mules  to  the  motor-truck  road  for  transporta- 
tion to  the  railroad  at  Gazelle.  Transportation  costs  were  $12  per  ton 
to  pack  to  Callahan  and  $5  per  ton  by  motor-truck,  28  miles,  Callahan  to 
Gazelle. 


Photo    No.    49.     The    Chrome    Mine    (Bingham    Group),    main    cut    and    stope, 
near   Callahan,    Siskiyou   County. 

Bingham  also  has  a  claim  located  on  a  chromite  prospect  on  Sec. 
35,  T.  40  N.,  R.  9  W.,  near  the  trail  to  his  upper  mine. 

Valine  Ranch  Prospect,  Antone  Valine,  owner,  Yreka,  adjoining 
the  Souza  Ranch  on  the  north.  T.  W.  "Williamson  and  Geo.  C.  Erwin, 
as  lessees,  were  preparing  to  start  development  work  at  a  point  where 
several  small  bunches  of  chromite  showed  in  a  shallow  trench. 

Wilson  Ranch  Prospect.  On  the  Wilson  Ranch  on  Moffit  Creek 
near  Fort  Jones,  Joe  IMorris  and  a  Mr.  Wilson  were  preparing  to  develop 
a  chromite  prospect. 


MANGANESE  AND  CHROMIUM.  201 

Wurst  Prospect.  Wm.  Wurst,  Callahan,  reports  lie  has  located 
chromite  a  short  distance  south  of  Bingham's  group  described  above. 

SONOMA   COUNTY. 

Several  deposits  of  chrome  ore  occur  in  a  belt  of  serpentine  that  strikes 
northwestward  through  the  western  portion  of  the  county.  It  is  along 
this  serpentiuized  area  that  some  of  the  large  magnesite  deposits  occur, 
notably  those  in  the  Red  Slide  district,  north  of  Cazadero.  It  is  reported 
that  a  large  tonnage  of  chromite  was  shipped  from  the  land  of  the 
Asti  Colony,  three  miles  southwest  of  Cloverdale,  over  20  years  ago. 
This  was  the  only  production  made  until  quite  recently,  when  several 
other  deposits  were  located.  These  have  all  proven  to  be  small,  and  very 
little  chrome  ore  is  now  being  developed  in  this  county. 

Geo.  Madeira  of  Healdsburg,  located  a  deposit  of  chromite  adjoin- 
ing his  magnesite  claims  in  Sec.  31,  T.  9  N.,  R.  10  W.,  eight  miles  north 
of  Guerneville.  The  chromite  occurs  as  small  lenses  in  decomposed 
serpentine  along  the  summit  of  a  ridge  at  an  elevation  of  1400  ft.  above 
sea  level.  A  good  road  runs  within  a  mile  of  the  deposit  which  is 
reached  by  a  trail.  About  100  tons  of  chromite  were  mined  in  1916 
from  several  small  superficial  kidneys  by  open  cut  and  trenches.  The 
ore  said  to  assay  34%  chromic  oxide,  is  lying  on  the  dumps  and  no 
further  work  has  been  done.  The  owner  wishes  to  dispose  of  this 
property,  which  comprises  40  acres. 

Meeker  Chrome  Mine.  M.  C.  Meeker  Estate,  of  Camp  Meeker, 
owner ;  S.  H.  Dolbear,  Merchants  National  Bank  Bldg.,  San  Francisco, 
lessee.  There  are  1400  acres  under  lease,  but  the  principal  develop- 
ment, thus  far  (July.  1918)  has  been  in  Sec.  16,  T.  7  N.,  R.  10  W., 
M.  D.  M.,  2^  miles  W.  of  N.  from  Camp  Meeker  station.  There  are 
several  lenses  of  chromite  in  a  belt  of  serpentine,  from  one  of  which 
Meeker  dug  out  several  tons  of  ore  about  30  years  ago  but  made  no 
shipments.  The  present  lessee  began  operations  in  November,  1917. 
Most  of  these  lenses  are  small,  yielding  from  5  to  10  tons,  so  far. 
The  largest  one  had  yielded  150  tons  up  to  July,  1918  (see  Photo 
No.  50),  and  still  showed  a  face  of  4'  of  ore  in  the  bottom  of  the  stope. 
A  few  feet  beyond  this  lens,  one  of  75  tons  had  been  mined  out.  The 
ore  assays  39%-40%  Cr^Og. 

The  serpentine  belt  here  strikes  northwest,  and  chromite  float  has 
been  found  in  at  least  50  places,  of  which  8  or  10  had  yielded  as  much 
as  a  w^agon-load  each. 

In  addition  to  the  above  operations,  a  hand- jig  was  used  to  wash 
the  chromite  out  of  an  old  dump.  A  shaft  had  been  sunk  at  the  side 
of  the  ravine  about  50  feet  from  the  large  open  cut,  and  a  crosscut 
was  being  driven  to  get  under  the  orebody.     There  were  12  men,  on 


202 


CALIFORNIA  STATE  MINING  BUREAU. 


Photo   No.    50.     Meeker   Chrome   Mine,   near   Camp   Meeker,    Sonoma   County,   showing 
open  cut  and  stope.     Photo  by  C.  J.  Lyser. 


MANGANESE  AND  CHROMIUM.  203 

one  shift,  at  work.     There  is  plenty  of  timber  at  hand  for  mining 
purposes. 

Parmeter  Ranch  Deposit.  Several  small  lenses  of  chromite  were 
developed  on  thi.s  ranch,  in  1916  by  B.  M.  Bawman  of  Cazadero.  It  is 
eight  miles  by  road  north  of  Cazadero  near  the  Red  Slide.  Four  car- 
loads of  ore,  which  is  reported  varied  from  38%  to  60%  chromic  oxide, 
Avere  shipped  and  the  deposits  were  exhausted. 

Shanks  and  Copps,  1302  Merchants  National  Bank  Bldg.,  San  Fran- 
cisco, hold  a  lease  on  a  property  in  Section  13,  T.  10  N.,  R.  11  "W.,  nine 
miles  west  of  Geyserville  on  the  ridge  north  of  Skaggs  Springs.  The 
ridge  is  capped  with  serpentine,  in  which  a  few  small  lenses  of  chromite 
have  been  uncovered.  Abundant  float  occurs  along  the  slopes.  Prob- 
ably 20  tons  of  fairly  high  grade  ore,  that  was  mined  from  the  several 
pockets,  is  lying  alongside  of  the  road  at  the  foot  of  the  ridge.  No 
large  lenses  have  been  encountered  and  at  the  time  visited,  the  property 
was  idle.    J\Iiss  L.  Hallingren  of  Geyserville  is  the  owner. 

The  Wanderer  Mining  Company,  of  530  Hearst  Bldg.,  San  Fran- 
cisco, is  operating  the  Arcloin  chrome  mine,  between  Cloverdale  and 
Asti,  west  of  the  Skaggs  Springs  road.  They  report  (September, 
1918)  having  shipped  one  carload  of  ore.  This  deposit  is  of  chromite 
boulders  in  a  bed  of  old  river  gravels,  and  is  being  worked  through 
a  shaft.     The  extent  of  the  deposit  is  not  yet  fully  determined. 

STANISLAUS   COUNTY. 

Stanislaus  County  became  a  producer  of  chrome  ore  early  in  1916, 
its  existence,  up  to  a  short  time  previous,  being  unsuspected.  A  couple 
of  thousand  tons  have  since  been  shipped  out  of  the  county,  principally 
to  the  plants  of  the  Carnegie  Steel  Company. 
I  The  deposits  that  are  now  being  developed  are  situated  on  the  east 
slopes  of  the  Coast  Range  Mountains,  in  the  Arroyo  del  Puerto  Caiion, 
and  its  branches.  The  construction  of  the  Patterson  and  Western 
Railroad  to  reach  the  manganese  deposits  of  the  Mineral  Products 
Company*  is  mainly  responsible  for  the  development  of  these  chromite 
deposits,  which,  due  to  their  inaccessibilit}^,  could  not  otherwise  be  mined 
upon  a  commercial  basis. 

The  occurrences  of  chrome  ore  in  this  region  may  be  grouped  under 
two  heads:  (1)  Lenses  of  hard  massive  black  ore,  containing  little  or  no 
serpentine  and  having  a  Avell  defined  contact  with  the  surrounding 
serpentine,  and,  (2)  Deposits  of  gray  ore  mixed  with  the  serpentine 
and  grading  into  it. 

*See  report  on  manganese  deposits,  Santa  Clara  County,  p.  76,  ante  ;  also,  general 
flescrlption  and  map  of  district,  under  Alameda  County,  p.  24,  ante. 


204  CALIFORNIA  STATE  MINING  BUREAU. 

The  serpentine  belt  is  fairly  extensive  here,  striking  northwestward 
with  the  trend  of  the  mountains,  and  being  evidently  a  continuation  of 
that  in  which  the  Cedar  Mountain  deposits  of  Alameda  County  occur. 

In  this  same  region  are  located  the  Red  Mountain  magnesite  deposits, 
as  well  as  several  old  quicksilver  mines,  namely  the  Adobe  Caiion,  Deer 
Park  and  Phoenix  Mines. 

"With  shipping  facilities  close  at  hand,  water  for  mining  and  milling 
purposes,  available  throughout  the  year  in  Arroyo  del  Puerto,  and  a 
temperate  climate,  this  region  offers  considerable  inducements  to  the 
prospector,  and  undoubtedly  other  deposits  will  be  located  and  de- 
veloped. 

Chrome  Concentrating  Co.  San  Francisco  office,  501  First  National 
Bank  Building.    Owners,  F.  E.  Harrison,  W.  R.  Stuck  and  J.  T.  Carter, 

The  mill  is  located  21  miles  west  of  Patterson  near  the  Patterson 
and  Western  N.  G.  R.  R.,  over  which  concentrate  will  be  shipped. 
On  March  8,  the  equipment  comprised  one  12"  Blake  crusher,  two  5-foot 
Huntington  mills,  with  40-mesh  screen,  a  homemade  hydraulic  classifier 
and  two  Overstrom  concentrators.  Sands  and  slimes  alike  were  being 
treated  on  the  Overstrom  machines,  and  some  slime  losses  were  being] 
observed,  which  were  to  be  overcome  by  the  addition  of  a  Dorr  thick- 
ener and  slime  table.  Only  one  mill  was  in  operation.  This  was  found 
capable  of  crushing  one  ton  an  hour  when  working  at  72  revolutions 
a  minute.  A  35  h.p.  distillate  engine  furnished  power.  Ore  carrying 
from  15%  to  20%  Cr.Og  gave  a  concentrate  close  to  53% .  The  owners 
planned  to  complete  the  two  units  of  the  plant  so  that  they  would 
have  a  capacity  of  50  tons  of  ore  daily.  They  anticipated  doing  custom 
work  for  adjacent  mines. 

Lucky  Girl  .Prospect.  It  is  in  Sec.  22,  T.  6  S.,  R.  5  E.,  one-half  mile 
by  trail  south  of  Camp  Jones,  the  terminus  of  the  Patterson  and  Western 
Railroad,  at  an  elevation  of  about  2000  ft.,  and  500  ft.  above  Peach  Tree 
Creek,  a  tributary  of  the  Arroyo  del  Puerto. 

A  small  open  cut  exposes  an  ore  body  2  ft.  wide  and  9  feet  high. 
The  ore  is  high  grade,  having  a  sharp  contact  with  the  serpentine.  De- 
velopment work  had  only  recently  started,  so  that  no  ore  had  been 
produced.  G.  L.  Fenster  of  Patterson  was  doing  the  development 
work  for  the  owner,  ]\Irs.  Zona  Vaughan  of  Turlock,  Cal. 

McGuire,  Holbrook,  and  Springer,  Crocker  Bldg.,  San  Francisco, 
have  a  ten-vear  lease  on  two  chrome  claims  in  Adobe  Cailon,  about  1000 
ft.  south  of  a  siding  on  the  Patterson  and  Western  Railroad,  23  miles 
west  of  Patterson.    Development  work  started  in  November,  1916,  and 


MANGANESE  AND  CHROMIUM,  205 

date  over  300  tons  of  ore,  Avhieli  is  reported  to  liave  contained  over 
)%  chromic  oxide,  have  been  shipped  out  from  one  deposit.  It  occurs 
the  form  of  an  irregular  lens  in  decomposed  serpentine,  varying  from 
le  heavy  gray  ore  to  finel}^  disseminated  particles  in  the  serpentine. 
This  orebody  has  been  developed  for  a  length  of  60  ft.  by  a  tunnel, 
width  of  25  ft.  by  an  open  cut  and  drifts  off  of  the  tunnel,  and  a  depth 
^f  40  ft.  by  a  winze  sunk  in  the  tunnel  near  the  portal.  A  few  rich 
pockets  were  encountered  in  these  workings,  and  several  thousand  tons 
^f  the  low  grade  ore  are  exposed.  It  is  said  to  run  from  25%  to  30% 
jhromic  oxide,  not  a  sufficiently  high  percentage  to  be  marketed  with- 
out concentration.  Ninety  feet  below  the  tunnel,  an  adit  is  being  driven 
cut  the  lens  from  below.  The  shipping  ore  is  hauled  in  1-ton  ears  by  a 
lorse  to  a  bunker  at  the  railroad  siding.  The  low  grade  is  not  being  mined 
at  present,  as  it  is  expected  to  erect  a  concentration  plant  in  the  near 
future.  Water  is  available  for  milling  purposes  in  Adobe  Creek,  below 
the  mine. 

Twelve  hundred  feet  southwest  of  this  deposit,  a  tunnel  is  being 
driven  to  develop  a  stringer  of  rich  ore,  which  varies  from  1  to  2  feet 
in  width,  and  appears  to  lie  almost  flat.  It  is  now  in  30  feet  and  several 
tons  have  been  sacked  ready  for  shipment.  There  is  only  a  narrow 
trail  connecting  the  two  deposits.  Six  men  are  employed.  J.  S.  Carter, 
Patterson,  Cal.,  is  superintendent. 

Mineral  Products  Company.  A.  F.  Judd,  Honolulu,  president, 
C.  G.  Bokus,  secretary,  Robert  Anderson,  Gen.  Manager,  home  office, 
Rialto  Bldg.,  San  Francisco.  This  company  developed  two  lenses  of 
massive  black  chromite  that  occurred  near  the  top  of  a  ridge  500  ft. 
in  elevation  above  the  Patterson  and  Western  Railroad,  at  a  point 
19  miles  west  of  Patterson.  Over  1200  tons  of  chromite  were  shipped 
from  these  two  deposits  before  they  were  exhausted.  Two  small 
deposits  are  now  being  mined  in  the  Caiion  del  Puerto  near  Camp 
Jones,  yielding  several  tons  daily.  They  occur  in  the  form  of  high 
grade  stringers,  varying  from  a  few  inches  to  a  foot  in  width.  The 
ore  has  to  be  hand  sorted.  Tunnels  are  being  driven  along  these  stringers 
and  it  is  possible  that  they  may  open  out  into  larger  liodies.  Other  .small 
eroppings  of  chromite  occur  on  the  property  of  the  company,  which 
embraces  over  5000  acres,  but  they  have  not  as  yet  been  developed. 

J.  H.  Platner  of  Patterson  is  developing  a  small  deposit  of  chromite 
in  Hide  Out  Caiion,  about  ^  mile  east  of  Camp  Jones.  No  ore  has 
been  shipped. 


206  CALIFORNIA  STATE  MINING  BUREAU. 

TEHAMA   COUNTY. 

The  clironie  ore  deposits  of  Tehama  County  oecur  in  that  belt  of 
serpentinized  peridotite  which  follows  the  east  slope  of  the  Coast  Ranges 
from  north  to  south  throughout  the  western  portion  of  the  county, 
at  elevations  which  range  from  2000  to  4000  ft.  above  sea  level.  Access 
to  the  several  deposits  in  this  mountainous  region  is  gained  by  several 
good  roads  from  Red  Bluff,  the  shipping  point.  The  deposits  are  all 
located  at  distances  which  vary  from  25  to  50  miles  from  the  railroad, 
and  are  inaccessible  during  the  winter  months. 

The  occurrences  of  chromite  in  this  region  may  be  grouped  under 
two  heads;  (1)  lenses  of  hard  massive  black  ore  free  from  serpen- 
tine and  having  a  sharp  contact  with  the  surrounding  country  rock,  and 
(2)  finely  disseminated  particles  of  black  chromite  in  decomposed  ser- 
pentine. 

Chromite  was  first  produced  in  the  county  in  1886,  and  deposits  were 
mined  spasmodically  up  to  1899,  the  production  during  that  period  being 
over  5000  tons.  No  further  work  was  done  until  1915,  when  the  demands 
for  chrome  ore  imposed  by  the  war  increased  its  value.  Several 
large  deposits  are  now  being  developed,  and  with  the  successful  con- 
centration of  the  low'-grade  ores,  grouped  under  the  second  head, 
Tehama  County  should  become  a  dependable  producer  of  this  necessary 
metal  for  years  to  come. 

S.  W.  Hill  of  Red  Bluff,  Cal.,  is  mining  a  deposit  of  chromite,  for- 
merly owned  by  the  Tehama  Consolidated  Chrome  Company,  in  Sec. 
16,  T.  25  N.,  R.  7  W.  It  is  situated  near  the  summit  of  a  ridge  between 
the  north  and  south  forks  of  Elder  Creek  at  an  elevation  of  2800  ft. 
above  sea  level,  32  miles  by  road  southwest  of  Red  Bluff.  The  work  is 
confined  to  drifting  along  several  narrow  high  grade  lenses  of  black 
chromite,  exposed  in  the  old  "workings.  There  are  no  large  orebodies 
exposed.  Four  men  are  employed  and  the  production  varies  from  1  to 
5  tons  daily.  The  ore  is  hauled  down  the  mountain-side  in  a  5-ton 
Jeffery  Quad  truck,  then  transferred  to  a  loading  platform,  three  miles 
west  of  the  mine  to  other  trucks  which  haul  it  to  Red  Bluff,  where  it 
is  shipped  to  the  Noble  Electric  Steel  Company's  smelter  at  Heroult. 

Bibl. :  Cal.  State  Min.  Bur.,  Reports  X,  p.  692,  XII,  p.  38,  XIII, 
p.  50 ;  Bull.  38,  p.  272. 

Kleinsorge  Chrome  Mine.  This  property  discovered  in  1916, 
embraces  Sections  22  and  27,  T.  25  N.,  R.  7  W.,  and  is  30  miles  by  road 
southwest  of  Red  Bluff. 


MANGANESE  AND  CHROMIUM.  207 

Small  crystals  of  chroinite  arc  disseininated  tliroughout  a  zone  of  de- 
composed serpentine,  which  is  api)roxiniately  one-fourtli  of  a  mile  wide, 
extending  north  and  south  for  two  miles  along  a  precipitous  ridge  that 
lies  at  the  head  of  the  middle  fork  of  Elder  Creek,  about  one  mile  south 
of  the  Hill  and  Noble  Electric  Company 's  deposits.  Numerous  samples 
have  been  taken  throughout  the  zone,  and  it  is  reported  that  the  ore 
will  average  over  the  entire  surface  area  6%  chromic  oxide.  Occasional 
pockets  or  kidneys  of  massive  black  chromite  are  encountered  in  this 
zone.  Several  such  deposits  are  being  worked  as  quarries,  and  from 
one  there  was  mined  in  an  open  cut  100  tons  of  ore  which  is  reported 
to  assay  45%  chromic  oxide.  This  was  piled  on  the  dump  awaiting  the 
completion  of  the  800  ft.  aerial  tramway,  which  was  being  constructed 
to  transport  the  ore  from  the  upper  workings  to  bunkers  alongside  of  the 
road. 

It  is  expected  to  erect  a  concentration  mill  in  the  near  future  at  the 
tramway  terminal  to  treat  the  low  grade  ores.^  Sufficient  water  for 
milling  purposes  is  available  throughout  the  year  in  the  middle  fork  of 
Elder  Creek.  The  road  to  the  camp,  four  miles  in  length  from  the 
main  county  road  at  Lowrey,  has  just  been  completed  and  the  first  ship- 
ment of  ore  was  to  be  made  that  week.  Five  ton  auto  trucks  are  to  be 
used  to  haul  the  ore  to  Red  Bluff. 

Mining  costs  here  should  be  very  low,  as  the  work  will  be  done 
entirely  by  quarrying  and  due  to  the  decomposed  nature  of  the  ore, 
very  little  powder  will  have  to  be  used.  With  the  erection  of  the  con- 
centration plant,  this  property  will  become  one  of  the  most  important 
producers  of  chrome  ore  in  the  state.  Twenty  men  are  now  employed. 
W.  E.  Kleinsorge,  605  Peoples  Bank  Bldg.,  Sacramento,  Cal.,  is  the 
owner.    C.  Jerrott  is  superintendent. 

The  Noble  Electric  Steel  Company  is  mining  a  large  deposit  of 
chromite  adjoining  the  Hill  deposit  in  Sec.  16,  T.  25  N.,  R.  7  W.  It, 
too,  was  formerly  the  property  of  the  Tehama  Consolidated  Chrome 
Company,  later  being  worked  by  J.  A.  Heslewood  of  Oakland,  who  sold 
it  in  November,  1915,  to  the  present  operators.  The  deposit,  which 
occurs  as  a  large  irregular  lens  of  high  grade  chromite  in  the  serpentine, 
is  on  the  same  ridge  as  the  Hill  deposit,  at  an  elevation  of  about  1000 
ft.  above  the  north  fork  of  Elder  Creek.  It  is  being  mined  by  a 
large  open  cut,  the  face  of  which  is  some  hundred  feet  across  and  from 
6  to  30  feet  in  height,  exposing  an  orebody  which  varies  from  3  to  10 
ft.  in  width.    There  is  a  heavy  overburden  here,  which  must  be  stripped 


'This  plant  is  now    (August,   191S)    in  operation. 


208 


CALIFORNIA  STATE   MINING  BUREAU. 


before  mining  the  chrome,  otherwise  considerable  sorting  is  necessary. 
Another  orebody,  known  as  the  No.  1  working,  occurs  several  hundred 
feet  lower  down  the  ridge.  It  was  from  here  that  most  of  the  chromite 
was  mined  by  the  old  company,  and  only  a  few  small  stringers  are  now 
exposed  in  the  old  workings.  Five  men  are  employed,  the  production 
varying  from  10  to  20  tons  daily.  The  ore  is  hauled  in  motor  trucks 
to  Red  Bluff,  under  contract  by  S.  W.  Hill  of  Red  Bluff.  G.  A.  Eaton 
is  foreman  at  the  mine. 

l^ibl.:  Cal.  State  Min.  Bur.,  Reports  X,  p.  092,  XIT,  p.  8S,  XUI,} 
p.  50;  Bull.  38,  p.  272. 


Photo   No.   51.     Elder   Creek   Chrome   Mine   of  the   Noble   Electric   Steel   Company, 

Tehama    County. 

Tedoc  Chrome  Mine.  A  group  of  20  mineral  claims  have  recently 
been  located  to  cover  some  chromite  deposits  which  occur  on  the  slopes 
of  Tedoc  Mountain,  at  an  elevation  of  over  4000  ft.  in  Sec.  28,  T.  28  N., 
R.  9  W.  They  occur  in  the  form  of  lenses  of  massive  black  chromite, 
which  is  evidently  of  high  grade.  Deposits  have  been  found  on  several 
of  the  claims,  but  very  little  development  work  has  been  done  on  them. 
The  larg&st  deposit  thus  far  uncovered  is  on  the  IMountain  View  Claim. 
It  appears  to  be  a  blanket,  extending  north  and  south  down  the  ridge. 
A  series  of  trenches  has  been  cut  across  it,  showing  a  width  of  from 


MANGANESE  AND  CHROMIUM.  209 

LO  to  20  feet,  throiigliont  a  length  of  250  feet.  Its  thickness  or  depth 
las  not  been  determined.  Th(^  iie.xi  l)est  showing  is  on  the  Dead  Pine 
paim,  which  lies  to  the  east  of,  and  ad.joining,  the  ^Mountain  View. 
[ere,  two  shallow  cuts  spaced  20  feet  apart  expose  an  ore))ody  six  feet 
ide,  which  appears  to  be  at  right  angles  to  the  larger  body.  Small 
nilders  of  chromite  are  found  over  the  slopes  on  practically  all  of  the 
jlaims. 

A  12  mik'  road  is  being  ])uilt  to  reach  these  deposits,  from  the  Red 
Unff-Beegum  Road,  which  will  make  the  haul  to  the  railroad  53  miles. 
)uring  the  summer  50  men  were  engaged  in  road  building,  and  the 
irst  5  miles  of  the  new  road  had  been  completed.    Motor-trucks  are  to 
[aul  the  ore  to  Red  Bluff,  on  a  contract  basis  of  $8.00  per  ton.     It  is 
■xpected  to  start  shipments  not  later  than  September  15th.     The  prop- 
erty is  owned  by  the  Tedoc  ^Mining  Comi)any,  under  management  of 
Agard  and  Stewart,  268  ^Earket  St.,  San  Francisco.     C.  H.  Philpot  is 
superintendent. 

Toms  Head  Chrome  Mine.  It  is  located  on  the  slopes  of  Toms  Head 
Peak,  about  midway  between  the  Tedoc  ]\Iine  on  the  north,  and  the 
i^lder  Creek  mines  on  the  south,  35  miles  by  road  west  of  Red  Bluff. 
Three  to  four  hnndred  tons  of  ore  have  been  mined  from  a  deposit 
liy  an  open  cut,  and  are  lying  on  the  dump.  The  ore  is  said  to  run 
only  32%  chromic  oxide,  and  none  has,  as  yet,  been  shipped  from  the 
jn-operty,  which  is  at  present  idle.  J.  A.  Heslewood,  3908  Randolph 
Ave.,  Oakland,  is  the  owner. 

TRINITY   COUNTY. 

In  the  region  from  Plummer  Spring  Ranger  Station  on  the  northwest' 
to  the  headwaters  of  the  South  Fork  of  Trinity  River  and  to  Tedoc 
Mountain  there  is  an  extensive  occurrence  of  cherts  and  associated  bodies 
of  serpentine.  This  area  varies  from  two  to  six  miles  wide.  Within 
its  boundaries  there  are  a  multitude  of  chromite  occurrences. 

The  largest  of  these  deposits  is  on  Tedoc  Mountain  and  is  described 
elsewhere  in  this  report.  A  number  of  small  deposits  have  been  worked 
on  the  upper  course  of  the  Hayfork.  In  1916  the  Manganese  Compan}^ 
of  California  built  about  three  miles  of  road  through  very  rocky  country 
to  tap  some  chromite  prospects  on  the  upper  Hayfork.  They  took  out 
about  216  tons  of  ore  and  have  apparently  suspended  work.  The  writer 
observed  several  such  prospects  in  the  area ;  some  were  being  held  with- 
out development  work  and  others  were  open  to  entr3^  The  district  is 
largely  unprospected  and  little  known  and  while  parts  of  it  are  remote 
from  transportation  there  is  a  possibility  that  it  may  be  made  more 


I 


14—38958 


210  CALIFORNIA  STATE  MINING  BUREAU. 

accessible  if  manganese  prospects  recently  found  there  come  up  to 
expectation.  The  chromite  occurs  in  the  serpentine  as  a  rule  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  contact  with  the  surrounding  chert. 

Crow  Creek  Group,  (also  known  as  the  McConnell-Kirby,  and  as  the 
Chapman-Kirby  claims),  Neely  Bros.,  owners,  #70  Fremont  St.,  San 
Francisco.  There  are  several  claims  in  this  group  in  Sec.  14,  T.  38  N., 
R.  6  W.,  M.  D.  M.,  on  Crow  Creek,  a  branch  of  the  North  Fork  of  East 
Fork  of  Trinity  River  and  18  miles  west  of  Castella.  An  11-mile  road  to 
connect  with  the  motor-truck  road  of  the  Trinity  Asbestos  Mining 
Co.,  to  Castella  is  now  [December,  1917]  70  per  cent  completed.  De- 
velopment work  consists  of  a  number  of  open  cuts  and  one  adit  cross-cut. 
Several  lenses  of  chromite  have  also  been  revealed  by  clearing  off  the 
surface  soil.  In  the  cross-cut,  a  face  of  ore  has  been  opened  up  10'  wide 
and  18'  high.  Some  of  the  chromite  is  massive  and  high  grade.  The 
green  chrome-garnet,  uvarovite,  is  associated  with  the  fracture  planes 
in  the  chromite.  It  is  estimated  that  there  are  at  least  2000  tons  of 
40%-42%  ore  available.  This  includes  approximately  800  tons  already 
broken  and  ready  to  ship  as  soon  as  the  road  is  completed,  the  coming 
spring.  One  carload  (42  tons)  analyzing  44%  CrjOj  and  7%  SiOg  was 
packed  five  miles  to  the  road,  and  delivered  by  truck  to  the  railroad  at 
Castella  in  December.  There  is  also  stated  to  be  apparently  a  large  body 
of  disseminated  chromite  in  these  claims,  which  could  be  concentrated; 
and  ample  water  for  milling  purposes  is  available.  The  electric  power 
line  of  the  California-Oregon  Power  Company  to  the  Coffee  Creek 
dredge  passes  within  two  miles  of  these  deposits. 

Bibl. :  Cal.  State  Min.  Bur.,  Bull.  38,  p.  272;  Mines  and  Min.  Res. 
of  Shasta  et  al.  counties,  p.  133,  1915 ;  Report  XIV,  p.  877,  1916. 

Dodge  Ranch  Deposit,  Trumbull  Bros.,  owners.  A  deposit  of 
chromite  is  reported  on  this  property  on  the  Trinity  River,  16  miles 
from  Callahan.  Specimens  of  the  ore,  shown  the  writer,  appear  of 
good  grade. 

The  Highland  Lake  Chrome  property  was  being  worked  under  the 
management  of  Mr.  Woolsey  of  Lamoine.  It  lies  six  miles  west  of  the 
Forest  Queen  Mine  and  the  ore  was  being  hauled  by  wagon,  14  miles 
to  Gibson  siding.  The  ore  appeared  to  carry  about  50%  CroOg  and  was 
being  sold  to  the  Union  Chrome  Co.  of  San  Francisco. 

The  Integral  Chrome  Mining  Company  was  preparing  to  mine 
chrome  on  the  property  of  the  Integral  Quicksilver  Mining  Company 
in  Sec.  23,  T.  38  N.,  R,  6  W.,  M.  D.  M.    The  owning  company  consists 


MANGANESE  AND  CHROMIUM.  211 

of  Wm.  J.  Simpson  of  New  York,  and  the  Anglo-California  Trnst 
Company  of  San  Francisco.  A  ten-year  permit  to  mine  chrome  on  the 
property  is  held  by  J.  R.  Logan  of  400  George  St.,  Vallejo,  California. 

The  property  lies  on  the  west  slope  of  Crow  Creek  21  miles  west  of 
('astella,  and  consists  of  3000  acres,  patented.  Float  chrome  assaying 
nver  40%  CroOg  is  stated  to  have  been  found  over  an  area  50'  wide  and 
2000'  long,  along  an  east- west  direction.  No  development  work  had  been 
(lone.    The  property  adjoins  the  Crow  Cr(\k  group  on  the  south. 

Mmnbo  Creek  Group,  (formerly  Russell  Group),  Mrs.  Luella  Beau- 
champ,  owner,  fl591  Turk  St.,  San  Franci.sco.  This  group  of  four 
claims  is  in  Sec.  4  ( ?)  or  11,  T.  38  N.,  R.  6  W.,  something  over  a  mile 
north  of  the  Crow  Creek  group,  and  about  19  miles  from  Castella.  They 
,will  utilize  the  same  road,  now  under  construction.  The  ore  so  far  ex- 
posed is  high  grade,  but  only  a  small  amount  of  development  work  has 
been  done,  as  yet. 

Phillpot  Deposit,  C.  H.  Phillpot,  owner.  Knob.  The  owner  made 
some  shipments  of  high-grade  chromite  in  1916  from  a  deposit  near  Hay- 
fork. 

Bil)l.:  Cal.  State  Min.  Bur.,  Bull.  38,  p.  272;  Mines  and  Min.  Res. 
of  Shasta  et  al.  counties,  p.  133,  1915;  Report  XIV,  p.  877,  1916. 

Picayune  Lake  Group,  II.  C.  Beauchamp,  owner,  care  Columbia 
Hotel,  San  Francisco.  This  group  of  14  claims  is  in  Sees.  23,  26, 
and  27,  T.  39  N.,  R.  6  W.,  M.  D.  M.,  several  miles  northeast  of  the 
Crow  Creek  Group,  and  16  miles  southwest  from  Sisson.  Of  the  latter, 
10  miles  is  by  trail.  This  group  was  located  in  July,  1917,  covering 
several  outcrops  of  high-grade  chromite. 

The  Black  Jack  chrome  property  located  by  Wm.  Pratti  of  Peanut, 
California,  lies  in  south  half  of  Sec.  28,  T.  30  N.,  R.  12  W.,  at  the  side 
of  the  State  Highway,  about  nine  miles  from  Peanut.  A  small  tonnage 
of  ore  was  taken  from  a  lens  about  two  feet  wide,  and  was  sold  in  the 
summer  of  1917,  since  which  the  property  has  been  idle. 

The  Compass  chrome  prospect  lies  in  the  southeast  quarter  of 
Sec.  21,  T.  30  N.,  R.  12  W.,  one-quarter  a  mile  from  the  State  High- 
way and  eight  miles  from  Peanut.  It  is  owned  by  Roy  Shiell  and  Wm. 
Pratti  of  Peanut,  California.  Only  a  small  amount  of  chromite  is 
exposed  and  it  had  not  been  prospected  when  visited. 

The  Eureka  chrome  prospect  is  in  the  N.E.  |  of  Sec.  18,  T.  30  N., 
R.  12  W.,  three  miles  by  trail  from  the  State  Highway  and  nine  miles 
from  Peanut.  Frank  Cummins,  owner.  This  appears  to  be  one  of  the 
most  promising  undeveloped  chromite  claims  in  the  region.    There  is  an 


212  CAhIL<\)RNlA   STATE   MINING  BUREAU. 

outcrop  3|-  feet  wide,  apparently  in  place,  showing  al)Out  20  tons  of 
shipi)ing  ore  of  a  massive  character.  The  outcrop  strikes  N.  30  W., 
and  there  is  a  good  grade  of  float  ore  along  the  strike  at  intervals  for  150 
feet.  The  claim  is  on  a  plateau  about  1500  feet  from  the  trail,  and 
the  grade  of  the  trail  to  the  State  Highway  is  easy  and  would  permit 
the  building  of  a  road  at  moderate  cost.  There  are  other  smaller 
expasures  of  chromite  in  the  serpentine  near  this  claim,  which  might 
develop  a  small  tonnage  of  ore. 

The  Peewee  chrome  claim  is  near  the  south  corner  common  to  Sees. 
21  and  22,  T.  30  N.,  R.  12  W.,  less  than  one-half  mile  from  the  State 
Highway  and  eight  miles  from  Peanut.  Roy  Shiell  and  Wm.  Pratti,  of 
Peanut,  were  the  original  locators.  The  outcrop  shows  a  lens  of  chromite 
of  very  good  grade,  four  feet  wide  by  twenty  feet  long;  it  had  been 
trenched  to  a  depth  of  one  and  one-half  feet. 

The  prospect  is  at  an  elevation  of  4500  feet  and  is  so  situated  that  ore 
could  be  hauled  from  it  to  the  State  Highway  with  very  little  road 
building  expense.  The  quality  and  (piantity  of  ore  in  sight  justifies 
mining.  There  was,  however,  a  dispute  as  to  the  ownership.  The 
original  location  notice  was  defective  and  the  claim  was  jumped  before 
Shiell  and  Pratti  filed  their  amended  notice. 

The  Federal  Chrome  Company,  of  Red  Bluff,  is  developing  some 
deposits  of  chromite,  near  the  south  fork  of  Trinity  River,  in  Sec.  33, 
T.  1  N.,  and  Sees.  4  and  6,  T.  1  S.,  R.  12  W.,  H.  M.  This  property, 
consisting  of  12  claims,  is  about  midway  between  Carlotta,  on  the 
Northwestern  Pacific  Railroad,  and  Red  Bluff,  being  about  65  miles 
from  the  railroad  at  either  point. 

Seven  pockets  or  lenses  of  massive  black  chromite  in  serpentine  have 
thus  far  been  found,  but  development  work  had  only  just  been  started  in 
two  of  them.  Probably  30  tons  of  ore  were  exposed  in  each  of  these, 
by  small  open  cuts.  The  pockets  appear  to  be  small,  and  are  widely 
scattered,  being  from  one-half  to  two  miles  off  of  the  road.  The  claims 
were  located  in  1916,  and  only  recently  taken  over  by  the  present  owners, 
who  have  three  men  employed.  The  ore  was  being  hauled  in  Septem- 
ber, 1917,  to  Red  Bluff  by  auto  trucks  at  a  co.st  of  $13.50  a  ton.  Florence 
Brewer,  A.  S.  Dennis  and  Chas.  Scurlock,  owners.  These  claims  are 
situated  in  a  region  of  heavy  snowfall,  and  the  roads  are  passable  foi 
trucks  only  about  five  months  in  the  vear. 


MANGANESE  AND  ClIROiJIUM.  213 

TULARE  COUNTY. 

Vaughn   Ranch   Deposit;    Vaughn   Estate,   Porterville,   owner.     A 

nsiderable  tonnage  of  cliromite  was  shipped  from  lenses  on  this  prop- 
rty,  in  ]01H,  and  a  smaller  amount  in  lOlT. 

The  Waddell  ehrome  mine  is  in  Sees.  17  and  20,  T.  19  S.,  11.  27  E.,  at 
an  elevation  of  800',  four  miles  northeast  of  Lindsay.     The  property 
:  is  owned  by  Frederic  Gill  of  Exeter. 

Lenses  of-ehrome,  striking  in  a  direction  X.  40  E..  occurred  in  ser- 
I  pentine.  These  had  apparently  been  worked  out  down  to  the  lower 
'  workings. 

K  The  property  was  idle  in  1917  save  for  about  50  tons  of  ore  which  had 
I  been  sorted  from  the  dump,  for  shipment,  by  a  lessee. 

TUOLUMNE  COUNTY. 

The  Don  Pedro  property  is  in  See.  6,  T.  2  S.,  R.  14  E.,  M.  D.  M.,  10 
miles  southwest  of  Jamestown.  It  is  owned  by  the  Preston  Estate  and 
was  leased,  for  a  period  of  two  years,  to  Levensaler-Speir  Corporation. 
The  nearest  point  on  a  railroad  is  Rosasco,  one  mile  west ;  however,  since 
there  is  no  road  to  Rosasco,  some  ore  was  hauled  to  Keystone,  eight  miles 
northwest,  in  1916.  Development  work  consisted  of  two  shafts,  one  90' 
and  one  70'  deep. 

Hughes  Group.  John.  Thonuis,  Charles  and  James  Hughes,  have 
recently  found  chromite  on  their  property  at  Marsh  Flat,  southeast 

'  of  Jacksonville,  a  part  of  which  they  are  working  themselves,  and  in 
part  leased  to  others.  All  told,  there  are  (June,  1918)  about  12 
li  asers  operating.     Hughes  Brothers  have  so  far  shipped  2  carloads 

ji  of  chrome  ore. 

'       The  Kahl  chrome  mine  is  in  the  SE.  i  of  Sec.  6,  T.  1  N.,  R.  14  E., 
I  M.  D.  M.,  at  an  elevation  of  1450',  six  miles  west  of  Jamestown.     It  is 
|i  on  a  40-acre  patent  owned  by  Joseph  Kahl  of  Jamestown. 
i       A  lenticular  body  of  chromite  occurred,  in  peridotite,  striking  X.  40° 

'W.  and  pitching  80°  S.    About  400  tons  of  ore  were  taken  out,  in  1915, 

from  a  pit  16'  deep  by  30'  wide  by  50'  long.    A  small  14"  stringer  of 
i'  ore  was  exposed  along  the  north  face  of  the  pit. 

Mr.  Kahl  reports  that  there  are  two  other  small  chrome  prospects  on 

his  property  and  also  one  on  government  land  adjoining,  which  might 
,  yield  some  ore. 

C.   F.   Lighthold  and   Geo.   Adams   have   located   claims  near  the 

Hughes  group,  above  described. 
i  The  Mackey  pi-operty  is  in  the  SE.  1  of  Sec.  21,  T.  1  N.,  R.  14  E., 

M.  D.  M.,  three  miles  south  of  Jamestown.     It  consists  of  one  claim  at 


214  CALIFORNIA  STATE  MINING  BUREAU. 

an  elevation  of  1325'',  within  50  yards  of  "Woods  Creek,  owned  by  Peter 
Mackey  of  Jamestown, 

Old  workings  indicate  that  an  orebody  14'  wide,  14'  deep  and  40' 
long  was  taken  out.  Three  small  open  cuts  about  4'  deep  and  6'  long 
had  been  made.  Seventy  tons  of  ore  were  taken  from  the  open  cuts  and 
sold  by  the  owner  in  1916. 

The  Pereira  property  is  in  the  SW.  ^  of  Sec.  25,  T.  1  N.,  R.  13  E., 
M.  D.  M.,  at  an  elevation  of  1150',  three  miles  north  of  McCormiek 
siding.  It  includes  540  acres  in  claims  held  by  the  Pereira  Bros,  of 
Jamestown.  jM 

Development  work  consists  of  open  cuts  and  shallow  shafts.  About 
55  tons  of  low  grade  ore,  carrying  about  24%  CroO;,,  had  been  taken  out 
of  an  open  cut  in  serpentine.  The  cut  was  from  2'  to  8'  deep  and  100' 
long  and  had  followed  the  ore  in  a  direction  N.  80°.  E.  Work  being  car- 
ried on,  during  the  middle  of  May,  1917,  consisted  of  opening  up  several 
small  stringers  at  a  new  location  about  500'  south  of  the  open  cut.  The 
ore  taken  out  appeared  to  carry  about  35%  CrgO,,  but  mining  was  slow 
because  of  the  leaders  being  so  small.  About  15  tons  of  this  ore  were 
piled  for  shipment. 

The  Rough  and  Ready  chrome  mines  are  in  See.  25,  T.  1  N.,  R.  13  E., 
M.  D.  M.,  at  an  elevation  of  1300',  about  three  and  one-half  miles  north 
of  McCormick  siding.  They  are  owned  and  operated  by  Thos.  and  Geo. 
A.  Richards  of  Oakdale. 

Lenticular  bodies  of  chrome,  in  serpentine,  strike  east-west  and  pitch 
80°  North.  A  100'  open  cut,  made  below  the  cabin,  has  exposed  a  body 
of  ore  10'  wide  and  50'  long  which  should  yield  over  60  tons  of  ore  down 
to  a  depth  of  6'.  Analy.ses  of  this  ore  showed  29.9%  CroOg  and  18% 
SiOo,  also  26.3%  CroO^  and  12.6%,  of  SiOo.  On  a  serpentine  hill  a 
quarter  of  a  mile  west  of  the  cabin  a  25'  incline  shaft  had  exposed  a  lens 
of  ore  4'  wide  and  6'  long  which  should  have  yielded  a  few  tons  of  higher 
grade  ore.  An  assay  of  this  ore  showed  36.7%  CrgO.,  and  8.8%  SiOj. 
About  20  tons  of  ore  were  piled  for  shipment.  Two  fifty-ton  cars  of  or^l 
were  shipped  during  the  middle  of  May,  1917.  Seven  men  were  em- 
ployed at  $3.00  per  day. 

The  Sims  property  is  in  the  NE.  i  of  Sec.  5,  T.  1  S.,  R.  14  E.| 
M.  D.  M.,  at  an  elevation  of  1320',  about  one  mile  northwest  of  Chinese| 
It  is  owned  by  Henry  Sims  of  Chinese  Camp,  and  was  being  workec 
on  royalty  by  Egiin  and  Gouge  of  Jamestown. 

Lenticular  bodies  of  chrome  ore  had  been  followed  to  a  depth  of  25'  in 
serpentine,  by  an  incline  shaft.  The  ore  exposed  in  the  bottom  of  the 
shaft  was  6"  wide  and  struck  east-west  with  possibilities  of  opening  out 
into  another  orebody.  About  27  tons  of  ore  were  corded  for  shipment, 
which  appeared  to  average  about  40%  Cr^Og. 


i 


I 


^ 


MANGANESE  AND  CHROMIUM.  215 

The  Terry  and  Sell  mine  is  in  See.  2,  T.  1  S.,  R.  13  E.,  M.  D.  M.,  at 
an  elevation  of  1100',  about  one  mile  north  of  McCormick  siding.  It  is 
on  property  leased  from  the  McCormick  Cattle  Company  of  Sonora. 

A  14'  shaft  has  followed  a  lens  of  chrome  4'  thick  and  8'  wide, 
striking  N.  35°  W.  The  bottom  of  the  shaft  was  all  in  ore  when  the 
property  Avas  visited  on  May  18,  1917.  Twenty  tons  of  ore  had  been 
mined  and  corded  and  there  was  as  much  more  in  sight.  Old  workings, 
adjoining  the  shaft,  10'  to  the  northwest,  consisted  of  stopes  3'  wide  and 
30'  long,  which  had  been  worked  from  a  65'  shaft  several  years  ago. 

In  addition  to  the  properties  above  described,  Geo.  Mapes  and  J. 
O'Hara  were  stated  to  be  leasing  (June,  1918)  on  the  Beckwith  land 
near  Chinese  Camp.  Henry  Kiaupat  had  also  taken  out  a  few  tons 
from  a  prospect  in  the  same  district.  C.  E.  Wilcox  of  Jamestown, 
was  opening  up  a  chromite  deposit  on  the  Stanislaus  River,  near 
Burns  Ferry,  and  had  shipped  one  carload  of  45%  ore.  This  deposit 
Avas  exposed  by  the  river  wash. 


21G 


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CALIFORNIA  STATE  MINING  BUREAU. 


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226  CALIFORNLA.  STATE   MINING  BUREAU. 

Pricec  and  Grades  of  Ore. 

The  current  price  for  ore  ranging  from  38%  to  48%  Cr.O,  is  frorh" 
$1.25  to  $1.50  a  unit.     (Aug.  17,  1918) .    Ore  containing  as  little  as  28% 
Cr^Os  can  be  sold.     Silica  in  excess  of  8%  is  often  penalized,  but  by 
special  agreement  an  ore  fairly  high  in  chromite  may  be  saleable  even  if 
it  carries  as  much  as  15%  silica. 

Consumers  of  Chromite. 

The  following  list  contains  names  furnished  by  the  United  States 

Geological  Survey,  with  a  few  additions: 

American  Refnutories  Co Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  and  Mercliants  National  Bank 

Bldg.,    San   Francisco 

Binney  &  Smith 81  Fulton  St.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

California  Chrome  Co . Kohl  Bldg.,   San  Francisco 

Carnegie  Steel  Co Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

Colorado  Fuel  and  Iron  Co Denver,  Colo. 

Crucible  Steel  Co.  of  America Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

A.  C.  Daft Oliver  Bldg.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

Electro-Metallurgical  Co Niagara  Falls,  N.   Y. 

Foote  Mineral  Co 107  North  19th  St.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Ilarbison-Walker  Refractories  Co Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

E.  J.  Lavino  &  Co P.ullit  Bldg.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Lukius  Iron  and  Steel   Co Seattle,  Wash. 

A.  D.  Mackay 130  Pearl  St.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

Metal  and  Thermit  Corporation 120  Broadway,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

Mutual  Chemical  Co 55  John  St.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

National  Electrolytic  Co Niagara  Falls,  N.  Y. 

Noble  Electric  Steel  Co 995  Market  St..  San  Francisco 

Otis   Steel  Co Cleveland,  Ohio 

Pacific  Coast  Steel  Co San  Francisco,  Cal..  and  Seattle,  Wash. 

Pacific  Electro  Metals  Co Balboa  Bldg.,  San  Francisco 

Frank   Samuel Harrison  Bldg.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Sawyer  Tanning  Co Napa,  Cal. 

Sherwin   Williams   Co Cleveland,   Ohio 

St.  Louis  Refractories  Co Title  Guaranty  Bldg.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

The  Ferro-Alloy  Co 603  Symes  Bldg.,  Denver,  Colo. 

Younstown  Steel  and  Tube  Co Youngstown,  Pa. 

PRODUCTION  OP   CHROMITE  IN   CALIFORNIA. 

Production  of  chromite  in  California  began,  apparently  about  1874, 
principally  in  San  Luis  Obispo  County.  There  was  considerable  activ- 
ity from  1880  to  1883,  inclusive,  and  a  total  of  23,838  ton.s,  valued  at 
$337,904,  was  shipped  from  that  county  up  to  1887.*  Some  ore  also 
was  shipped  from  the  Tyson  properties  in  Del  Norte  County.  The 
tabulation  herewith  shows  the  California  output  of  chromite,  annually, 


*Logan,   C.   A.,   Mine.?   and  mineral  resources  of  San  Luis   Obispo:   Cal.   State  Min. 
Bur.,  chapters  of  State  Mineralogist's  report,  biennial  period,  1915—1916,  p.  80,  1917. 


I 


MANGANESE  AND  CHRO:MIUiI. 


227 


since  1887,  when  the  compilation  of  such  figures  was  begun  by  the  State 
Mining  Bureau : 


1887 
1888 
1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 
1893 
1894 
1895 
1896 
1897 
1898 
1899 
1900 
1901 
1902 
1W3 


Year 


Tons 

3.000 
1,500 

2,000 
3,599 
1.372 
1,500 
3,319 
3,680 
1,740 
786 


Value 


$40,000 
20,000 
30,000 
53,9&5 
20,580 
22,500 
49,785 
39,980 
16,795 
7,775 


Year 

1904 

1905 

1906 

1907 

1908 

1909 

1910 

1911  

1912 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

1917 

Totals  -. 


Tons 

123 

40 

317 

302 

350 

436 

749 

935 

1,270 

1,180 

1,517 

3,725 

48,943 

52,379 


1.3.5,497 


Value 

$1,845 

600 

2.859 

6,040 

6.195 

5,309 

9,707 

14,197 

11,260 

12,700 

9,434 

38,044 

717,244 

1,130,298 


$2,277,557 


SUPPLEMENTARY   STATEMENT  RELATIVE  TO   CHROMITE 

MARKET. 

November  1,  1918. 

Since  the  main  text  of  this  bulletin  was  put  in  type,  the  ehromite 

situation  has  undergone  a  very  radical  change.     The  break  came  late 

in  September,  when  some  of  the  large  Eastern  consumers  refused  to 

buy  ore,  claiming  a  sufficient  supply  to  be  on  hand,  and  that  they  had 

:  already  taken  up  their  allotments  permitted  by  the  War  Industries 

Board.     This  came  'like  a  thunderbolt  out  of  a  clear  sky'  to  the  West- 

<  ni  producers  who  had  been  most  strongly  urged  as  "a  patriotic  duty 

^1  to  mine  chrome,  on  account  of  its  military  necessity  and  shortage  in 

''  nvailable  domestic  supplies." 

Following  this  there  ensued  a  series  of  telegrams  and  other  corre- 
;  spondence  between  Western  producers,  on  the  one  hand,  and  the  Eastern 
consumers  and  War  Industries  Board,  on  the  other.     The  producers 
nppealed  to  the  Governmental  agencies  for  relief. 

Two  telegrams,  quoted  herewith,  from  the  AVar  Industries  Board  to 
11  Mr.  Albert  Burch,  their  representative  in  California,  reveal  the  situation 
as  it  now  stands: 

"It  is  the  present  intention  of  the  War  Industries  Board  to  arrange 
for  continued  ehromite  production  in  the  United  States  for  the  first  half 
of  1919  at  a  rate  proportionate  to  the  rate  of  1918  production,  and  the 
trade  will  be  asked  to  purchase  ehromite  of  suitable  grade  produced  in 
the  United  States  during  the  first  half  of  next  year  at  this  rate.  We 
believe  the  tonnage  of  domestic  ehromite  produced  the  balance  of  this 


228  CALIFORNIA  STATE  MINING  BUREAU. 

year  of  suitable  grade  can  be  sold  at  the  average  price  paid  this  summer 
by  the  California  Chrome  Co.  If  unable  to  find  ready  market  for  ore, 
wire  this  office,  giving  tonnages  ready  for  immediate  delivers'^  and  guar- 
anteed analysis  and  prices  wanted,  and  to  whom  already  offered  and 
refused. 

Signed:  Hugh  "W.  Sanford,  Chief, 
Chemicals  Division.  Ferro- Alloys  Section, 
War  Industries  Board,  Washington,  D.  C.'Sept.  27." 


Telegram  Sent  by  the  War  Industries  Board  to  Mr.  Albert  Burch,  Crocker 

Building,  San  Francisco,  Special  Representative  of  the  U.  S.  Bureau  of 

Mines,  Regarding  Chrome  Production  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 

(Published  in  San  Francisco  Chronicle,  Nov.  1,  1918.) 


"Referring  my  telegram  September  27,  which  you  had  published. 
This  seems  to  have  caused  misconception  in  minds  of  some  chromite 
purchasers  who  have  interpreted  this  telegram  to  mean  that  the  Gov- 
ernment was  guaranteeing  not  only  full  consumption  of  chromite  for 
balance  of  this  year  and  first  half  of  next  year,  but  also  that  the  guar- 
antee was  for  sales  during  either  or  both  periods  at  the  price  prevailing 
during  the  summer  of  1918.  This  interpretation  can  not  properly  be 
gotten  from  the  language  of  the  telegram.  In  order  to  clear  up  any 
misconception  please  have  this  complete  telegram  published.  The  War 
Industries  Board  does  not  at  this  time  guarantee  any  sales  of  chromite 
for  balance  of  this  year  or  the  first  half  1919  at  any  prices.  The  War 
Industries  Board  has  asked  chromite  users  to  buj^  as  much  domestic 
chromite  as  possible  during  the  remainder  of  this  year  and  may  decide 
to  request  buyers  to  purchase  domestic  chromite  for  the  first  half  of 
1919  on  some  new  price  basis.  It  is  impossible  to  say  how  fully  the 
buyers  will  co-operate  with  such  requests.  Stocks  in  hands  of  users  are 
large,  particularly  stocks  in  hands  of  users  of  high-grade  ores,  these 
stocks  probably  averaging  ten  to  twelve  months'  suppl}'.  The  over- 
supply  of  chromite  today  is  due  more  to  decreased  domestic  consumption 
than  any  other  one  factor,  the  domestic  consumption  being  about 
35,000  tons  less  than  anticipated  for  1918.  This  is  due  chiefly  to  the 
recent  changes  that  have  been  made  in  the  industries  for  the  necessities 
of  the  war  programme,  such  as  reduction  in  manufacture  of  automobiles, 
which  industry  formerly  absorbed  large  quantities  of  ferrochrome  and 
also  the  use  of  less  chrome  tanning  in  the  leather  trade  on  account  of 
vegetable  tanned  shoes  being  used  largely  in  the  Army  for  trench  work. 
A  programme  has  been  recommended  to  the  War  Trades  Board  by  the 
War  Industries  Board  for  a  reduction  of  imports  from  all  countries  to 
the  lowest  practicable  minimum  and  their  decision  will  probably  be 
announced  in  a  few  days.  The  War  Industries  Board  has  also  removed 
all  restrictions  on  conservation  of  use  of  chromite  and  is  not  denying 
proper  exports  of  chrome  products.  Serious  consideration  is  being 
given  by  all  Governmental  departments  to  this  problem  but  at  present 
it  is  doubtful  whether  additional  aid  can  be  given  to  the  domestic 
chromite  situation  beyond  the  procedure  stated  above.  If  any  furthe^ 
developments  will  advise  you. 

Signed:  Hugh  W.  Sanford."' 


INDEX. 


Page 

Acknowledgment    7 

Adams   claims   213,  225 

Adams-Maltby  leases 126,  128 

Adobe  Canon  quicksilver  mine 204 

Aerial  tramway  at  Little  Castle  Creek  mine 185 

in  handling  manganese  ore 67 

Agard  and  Stewart  mine — 118,  216,  209 

Alameda  County,  chromite  in 24,105,115-116,216 

magnesite   in 24 

manganese  in , 15,    16,   24-29,  92 

production  in 16 

Ala  Mountain  deposit 95 

mine 75 

Alan  Wood,  Iron  &  Steel  Company 98 

Algoma  Steel  Corporation 98 

AlUghany  Ore  &  Iron  Company 98 

Allen-Robinson  lease 53 

Alpine  chrome  claim 135 

Altshuler   mine    220 

Alum  Rock  Park  "meteorite' 75 

Alviso   and   Sunshine  claims — 167,  221 

Amador   Central   Railroad 116 

County,    chromite   in 112,  116,  216 

manganese  in IS,  19,  29-30,  92 

Amargosa  group 38,  93 

American  Carbon  &  Battery  Company 198 

chrome  prospect 161 

Ever  Ready  Battery  Company 98 

Exploration  Company 126 

Manganese   Manufacturing   Company 98 

Refractories   Company   136 

Steel    Foundries    98 

Anaconda    Copper    Company 12 

Analyses   of   chromite 133,  192 

of    manganese    ores 57,  73,  86 

Analysis  of  ferro-manganese  smelted  at  Heroult 21 

Andrews   claims    181,  222 

Anglo-American  Flash  Light  Company 98 

Appalachian  Range,  chromite  in 101 

Ardoin  mine 203,  223 

Arkansas  Geological  Survey  publications,  reference  to 64 

manganese  in 12 

Arroyo   del   Puerto,   chromite  on 203,  204 

manganese  on   84 

Arroyo  La  Cruz  deposit 177 

Artward  et  al.   claims 156 

Asbestos,  chrysotile 190 

Asbil  et  al.  claims 152-153 

Asia  Minor,  chromite  in 101 

Asti  Colonv  land,  chromite  on 201 

A.,   T.   &  S.   F.   Railroad 58 

Augite   picrite   180 

Austin  lease 91 

mine 131,  217 

Aurora  Quicksilver     Company 145 

Avawatz  Mountains,   manganese  in 61 

Avery  manganese  property 32,92 

Bacon   and   Kenney  prospect 51,  93 

Bailey,  James  B 98 

mine , 25,  27 

Baldwin  mine 221 

Ball  Ranch  deposit 190,  222 

B.  &  S.  group 222 

Barbour  manganese  deposit 91,  97 

Barham,  W.  W.,  deposit 81,  96 

Bartholf  and  Veach  mine 51 

Barton  et  al.  claims 130,  217 

Bawman    lease   203 

Bean-Darby  lease 30 

Bear   Canyon  mine 30,  31,  92 

Beauty  View  Butte,  manganese  on 88 

Beck  and  Williamson  property 164 

Beckman-Linden   Engineering  Corporation 22,  98 

Beckwith  property 215,  225 

Belknap   mill : 199 

Bennett-Brooks  Company 98 

Beraudiere.  John,  mine 25,  92 

Berkshire   Iron   Works 98 


230  INDEX. 

Page 

Bethlehem  Steel  Corporation 98 

Big  Bend  claims i. 40,  93 

Red  Mountain,  chromite  on 107,  151!,  2l;t 

Biggs  prospect 225 

Bilrowe  Alloys  Company 98 

Bingham's  mine 190,  199-200 

Binney  &   Smith 98,  226 

Black  Bear  mine 75,  95 

Bird  prospect 76,  95 

Diamond  group 146-147,  219 

mine  (chrome) 110 

(manganese) 32,  92 

Horse   group 56,  94 

Jack   mine    (manganese) — 19,  25,  54-56,  92,  94 

prospect    (chrome)    208,  224 

leases • 45 

Prince    group    61,  95 

Wonder  mine 75,  76,  ft.'i 

properties    76-77 

Bland's  Cove  deposit 40,  93 

Biocksburg,   manganese  near 34 

Bonettl  property 132,  217 

Bradford  lease , 55 

Bradley,  W.  W 1 

Braito   property   53,  94 

Brandon  property 132,  217 

Bray,   P.   H.,   claims 56,  94 

Brazil,  manganese  in 11 

Briggs  mine 15,  49-50,  93 

Brovvn-Bray-Simoyne   group 56 

mine   (Shasta  County) 183 

Brum  and  Newport  prospect 56.  94 

Bryant  chrome  prospect   (El  Dorado  County) 217 

mine — 33,  34 

Buckeye  mine 24,  86 

Buckhorn  claim 25,  92 

Bugg  property 220 

Bunker  property , 159-160 

Burch,    Albert    102,  114,  227,  228 

and  Woody  prospect 53,  94 

Burdick,    Chas.   A 98 

Burgess,   C.    F.,    Laboratories 98 

Burmeister  lease 49,  60,  61 

Burnett  Ranch  mine 112,  137,  217 

Burnham  Ranch  deposit 121,  216 

Burns   Ranch   deposit 190,  222 

Burrows  prospect 219 

Busch  and  Bevins  manganese  mine 40-42,  93 

Butcher,   L.   H.,  and  Company 98,  170,  171,  221 

Hill   deposits   190,  222 

Butte   County,    chromite   in 118-121,216 

manganese   in   18,  30,  92 

Pine  and  Hardwood  Lumber  Company 119 

Buzzard  mill   132,  217 

Caire,  Justinian,  development  of  Ladd  mine  by 64 

Calaveras  Copper  Company,  use  of  chromite  by,  as  a  furnace  liner 121 

County,  chromite  in 111,  121-123,216-217 

manganese  in 18,  19,  31,  92 

formations,   manganese   in 18,  53 

California,  central,  map  of  a  portion  of : 24 

Chrome   Company   147,  169,  183,  186,  191.  219,  221,  222,  226.  227 

chromite  in 101-227 

Manganese  Mining  Company — 76,  84 

map  of,  showing  locations  of  chromium  and  manganese  deposits 13 

National  Forest 18 

-Oregon  Power  Company 210 

Ore   Purchasing   Company 133 

production  of  chromite  in 226-227 

manganese   ore   in 100 

Southern,  manganese  in ' 19 

-Southern    Railroad 54,  58 

State   Mining  Bureau 9,  185 

publications  of 229-232 

reference    to    : 148,  166,  167 

Callahan  district,  chromite  in 109 

(Zlamtaria  Steel  Company 98 

Camden  claim 145 

Campbell   property 121,  216 

Camp  Bessie  mine 77 

No.    9 25,  26,  92 

Campo  Seco  copper  smelter,  chromite  used  at , 123 

Camptonville   chrome   deposit 189.  222 

Canada,  manganese  in 12 


INDEX.  231 

Page 

Carbonate   of   manganese 13,  17,  45 

in  Ladd  mine 65,  66 

in   Tesla  district 24,  26 

Carboniferous  formation,   manganese  in 18 

Carnegie    Steel    Company 98,  203,  226 

Carr  and  Mefford  properties 116,  216 

Carson  and  Sweet  prospects 144 

tCashom   lease   119 

^assiorni    leases    132,  217 

3astro   mine    103,  104,  167-169,  221 

concentration  of  chromite  at 104,  168-169 

Caudwell  prospect 17,  89,  96 

Cavagnaro  prospect 51,  94 

Caving  system  used  at  Little  Castle  Creek  mine 183,  186 

Cedar  Mountain,  chromite  on 115 

Central  Iron  &  Coal  Co 98 

Chaix  chrome  property 132,  217 

Champion  mill  converted  to  a  chrome  concentrator 113 

Chapman-Kirby  claims 210 

Charcoal  Iron  Company 98 

Charge,  furnace,   at  Heroult 21 

Chase  lease 79 

prospect 219 

Chastain  deposit , 223 

Chert,  Franciscan,  manganese  ore  in _- 24 

Chibas,  E.  J 12 

Chile,   manganese   in , 11 

Chisholm  mine 169,  175,  221 

Chlorite,    purple   chrome 186,  190 

Chocolate  Mountains,  manganese  in 35 

Chorro  Creek  mine 169,  221 

Chrome  Center  claim 156,  219 

Concentrating  Company 204,  224 

garnet    190,  198,  199 

Mine,  The 190,  199-200,223 

ochre  associated  with  chromite 190,  198 

Wonder  claim 123,  217 

Chromi'te,  analysis  of . 133 

concentration  of 103,  106,  110,  112, 

113,  114,  134,  140,  142-143,  146,  157-158,  162,  163,  164,  168,  169,  174,  180,  204,  207 

consumers  of 226 

deposits,   genesis  of 102 

geology   of 101-113 

group 193-194,  223 

in  Alameda  County.-- 115-116,  216 

Amador  County 116,  216 

Asia  Minor 101 

Butte  County 118-121,  216 

Calaveras  County 121-123,  216-217 

California 101-227 

production  of 7,  226 

Colusa  County 123-124,  217 

Del  Norte  County 124-131,  217 

El   Dorado  County 131-144,  217-218 

Fresno   County 144-146,  218-219 

Glenn  County . 146-147,  219 

Humboldt  County 148,  219 

Lake  County 148-151,  219 

limestone    103,  165 

Los   Angeles   County 151,  219 

Mariposa  County -" 151,  219 

Maryland    ^ 101 

Mendocino  County 151-156,  219 

Monterey  County 156 

Napa  County 156-157,  219 

Nevada    County    157-159,  219-220 

Pennsylvania 101 

peridotite 102 

Placer  County 159-164,  220 

placei-   gravels 101,  166,203 

Plumas    County 165-166,  220-221 

San    Benito    County 166,  221 

San  Luis  Obispo  County 167-168,221-222 

map   of 167 

Santa  Barbara   County 179-180,  222 

Santa   Clara   County ISO,  222 

serpentine 103,  111 

Shasta    County    181-188,  222 

Siberia 101 

Sierra  County 189,  222 

Siskiyou   County 189-201,  222-223 

Sonoma    County 201-203,  223-224 

Stanislaus  County   76,203-205,224 

Tehama   County   206-209,  224 

Trinity   County 209-212,  224 

Tulare    County    213,  225 


232  INDEX. 

Chromite,  analysis  of — Continued.  Page 

Tuolumne  County 213-215,  225 

Virginia    101 

market,  supplementary  statement  on 227-228 

prices  and  grades  of  ore 226 

production  of,    in   California 226-227 

situation,  supplementary  statement  on 227 

use   of,   in  copper  smelter 111,  122,  123,  188 

Chromium  chlorite  mica 186,  190 

deposits,  map  of  California  showing 13 

history  of 101 

in  California 101-227 

war  necessity  of 5,  7 

Chrysotile   asbestos . 190 

Cigarette-Placer   chrome  mine 157,  219 

Clara  H.  claim 145 

Clark  claim 115 

-McLean   prospect   82 

Clary  and  Langford  lease 121,  216 

Cleveland-Cliffs   Iron   Company 98 

property    42,  93 

Coast  Range  manganese  deposits 13 

geology  of 13-14 

ores,   composition  of 14 

Coast  Ranges,  Franciscan  formations  in 115 

northern,   manganese  in 16 

north  of  San  L'rancisco  Bay,  chromite  in 106-107 

Cobalt  in  manganese  ore 10 

Coggins   mine    109,  190,  191-193,  223 

analysis  of  ore  from 192 

'bean'   ore  at 193 

Cold   Spring  claims 217 

Coleman  prospect 37,  93 

Cole   property    91,  97 

Colorado   chrome  mine 170,  221 

Fuel  and  Iron  Company 98,  226 

Colusa  County,  chromite  in 123-124,  217 

manganese  in 17 

Compass  prospect 311,  224 

Composition  of  Coast  Range  ores 14 

of  ferro-manganese   21 

furnace  charge  at  Heroult 21 

Concentration,  increased  importance' of ,  for  chromite  yield 114 

of  chromite 103,  106,  110,  112.  113,  114, 

134,  140,  142-143.  146,  157-158,  162,  163,  164,  168,  169.  174,  180,  187,  188,  204,  207 

by  jig 187,  188 

of  manganese  ores '. 19-20 

plant,    cost   of 114,  143 

Conklin  and  Williams  claims 147,  219 

Connard  Bros,  claims 36,  93 

Consumers  of  chromite 226 

of  manganese   98-100 

Contact  deposit  of  manganese  ore 19 

deposits  at  Tyson  chrome  mines 124,  126 

Contra  Costa  County,  manganese  in 31,  92 

Coplen-Tilsley  group 52 

Copper  Creek  mine . 125-127,  217 

in  manganese  ore 10 

smelter,  use  of  chromite  in 111,  122,  123,  188 

Copsey,  Arthur,  et  al.,  claims 148,  219 

Cory  property 225 

Cost   of   concentration   plant 114,  143 

mining 43 

production    11 

transportation    43,  103,  105,  107,  109,  110,  112, 

113,  lis,  119.  121,  131.  135,  140,  145,  149,  151,  162,  173,  178,  187,  194,  198,  200.  209 

Courtwright   property 117,  216 

Cowell   property   133 

Cramer   Ranch   deposit 193,  223 

Crisle    deposit    _• 218 

-Rilfle   deposit   218 

Crocker-Preston    property    — 29,  92 

Crocker  properties 26,  29,  64.  83,  92,  95,  96 

map  showing l 24 

Crosbv   prospects    26,  92 

Crow  Creek  group 109,  210,  224 

Crucible  Steel  Company  of  America 226 

Crystal,   Charles   B 98 

Lake  manganese   group 53,  94 

Cummings  leas-^ 26,  64.  69.  84,  87 

Curran   prospect   218 

Curtis  property 119,  216 

Cuthbert,   W.   R 98 

Cypress  chrome   mine 170,  221 

Daft,    A.    C 226 

Daisy   Chrome    Company 156 


INDEX.  233 

Page 

Darrington    lease    112 

Ranch  deposit 217 

Davenport   and   Smith  prospect 77,95 

Davis,  A.  A.,  concentrating  plant 118 

E.   F.    8 

group    181,  222 

property    (Calaveras    County) 121,  216 

prospect 81 

Deer  Park  quicksilver  mine 204 

Death  Valley  manganese  claims 36,  93 

Deick  claims 181,  222 

De   Kruse   property 160,  220 

Delaware   River   Steel   Company 98 

Demasters  prospect   218 

Del  Norte  County,  chromite  in 107,  108.  124-131,  217 

early  production  of  chromite  in 226 

geology  of  chromite  in 124 

transportation   in   125 

Denison,  W.  H 98 

Detert  Ranch  deposit 117,  216 

Development  in  chromite  situation  in  1918 113-114,  227 

Dewhirst    mine    26,  92 

Dexter  Ranch  deposit 194-195,  223 

Diablo  Range,  Franciscan  formations  in 24 

manganese   in 15 

Diadem  Lode 53,  94 

Dibblee  and  Arata  lease 170,  173 

Dickev  and  Driesbach  lease 120,  121,  216 

Diller,   J.   S 107,  186 

Disseminated   chromite   ore 140,  154,  192,  193,  194 

Districts  of  promise  to  the  prospector 115 

Doak-Irvin    lease    34 

lease    68 

Mine   No.    2 77-78,  95 

Dodge    Ranch    deposit 210,  224 

Dolbear   lease   194,  201 

S.    H.    102,  114 

Donavan   lease   26,  29,  92 

Donnelly  mine 133,  217 

Donohue  and  McFarland  lease 87 

Don    Pedro    property 213,  225 

Dooley   deposit ■ 117,_216 

Doran  manganese  claims 57,  94 

Dougherty  lease 194 

Dowden  property 216 

Doyle   deposits   218 

Dozier  deposit    (chrome) 195,  223 

deposit    (manganese)    81, 96 

Drake,    Frank    10 

Dreisbach-Dickey  lease 121,  216 

Dry  batteries,  high-grade  manganese  ore  for 10 

Dugout  canoes,  hauling  chrome  ore  in 114 

Dunsmuir.  chromite  near 181,  190 

Dwyer   claims    194,  196 

East  Rex  Exploration  Company 35 

Ebony  group 34-35.  93 

Eel   River,   chromite  on 156 

Egling-Gouge   lease 214 

-Williams  property 225 

Electric  Reduction  Company 98 

smelters    oo 

Electro-Metallurgical    Company 226 

Elder  Creek  chrome  mine 208 

El  Divisadero  chrome  mine ■__170,  221 

El  Dorado  County,  chromite  in 112,  131-144.  217-218 

Elliott  and  Searles  deposit 28 

Ellis-Chili  mill cell 

Ranch   deposit a   oo 

El   Salto   chrome  mine 170,  221 

Elsinore  manganese  deposits 58,  94 

Elva  manganese   mine °'>  "6 

Emma  manganese  claims 62,  95 

Empire  Steel  &  Iron  Co 98 

Enstatite  peridotite,  chromite  in 186 

Estacia  mine 27 

Eureka  prospect 211-212,  224 

Evanis  prospect 217 

Evans  manganese  prospects . 70,  95 

Ranch  deposit 170,  221 

Everett,  L.,  prospect .30,  92 

Evert,   Nick,  prospect 151,  219 

Fable  manganese  mine 77,  78,  95 

Fairbanks,  H.  W 167 


234 


INDEX. 


f 


I 'age 

Faucher  lease 72,  176 

Federal  Chrome  Company 1 , 212,  224 

Ore   Company    216,  219 

Fenster    lease    204 

Fermor,   L.   L 11 

Ferro-Alloy  Company,  The 226; 

Ferro-alloys,   various,  electric  smelting  of 22,  2S 

-manganese,  analysis  of 21 

composition    of    9 

electric-smelting   of    20-23 

production    of    S 

-silicon,   electric  smelting  of 22 

Fertilizers,  use  of  manganese  in 10 

Fiddler's   Green   prospect 160,  220 

Flederman    claims    196,  223 

leases    . 196,  223 

Folsom  district,  chromite  in 112 

Foote    Minei-al    Company 226 

Foi-d-motor  locomotive  for  hauling  chromite 186 

Foreign  supplies  curtailed 7 

sources  of  manganese  ore 11 

Forest  Hill  district,   chromite  in 113 

Hill  Divide,   chromite   on 162    « 

Queen   mine    181-182,  22^J  I 

Foreword   7    " 

F'orni    property    133,  217 

Forstner,   Wm.   188 

Fort  Baker,  manganese  at 39,  93 

Fortner  Ranch  deposit —      31,  92 

Foster    Mountain    mine 16,  42-44,  93 

Franciscan   formations,  chromite  in 105,  106 

formations  in  Coast  Ranges 115 

in  Diablo  Range 24 

manganese  in 13,  14,  15,  17,  36,  39,  49,  64,  76 

serpentine  in 115 

Franks  property 144,  218 

Fratis  mine 27 

Frazer   claims 152 

Freeman   property 133,  217 

Freight-car  space,  saving  of,  in  shipping  ferro-alloys 23 

French  Hill,  chrome  mine 108,127-129,217 

Fresno  County,   chromite  in 104-105,  144-146,  218-219     ; 

manganese  in 32,  92 

Friday  prospect 130,  217 

Fries   Ranch   deposit 59.  94 

Friggel,  R.,  prospect 27.  92 

F'room's  chrome  deposits 170,  221 

Fuqua  and  Bell  mine 149-150 

Fuller  and  Wfirren   Company 98 

Furnace  charge  at  Heroult 21 

Garrison  prospect 160.220      i 

Gas  Caiion  property 160,  220      I 

Genesis  of  chromite  deposits 102      I 

Geisendorfer  and  Turner  mill 163,  164      t 

and   Schwartz   properties 134     1 

Geological  horizons  in  which  manganese  occurs 12      ( 

Geologj',  Department  of.  University  of  California 8      ' 

general,  of  Shasta  County  chromite  deposits 181      i 

of  chromite  deposits 101-113      I 

chromite  in  Del  Norte  County 124 

Coast   Range  manganese  deposits 13      I 

Tesla    district    24 

Georgia,   manganese  in 12      I 

Gibsonville   chrome   deposit 1S9.  222 

Gilchrist,    Robert    98 

Gill   et   al.    prospect 182 

Gillis    (Madrid)    prospect 225 

Gladwin   and   Peet   claim 38,  93 

Glamis,  Imperial  County,  manganese  ore  shipped  from 93 

Glenn    County,    chromite   in 110,  146-147,  219 

manganese   in   IS.  32,  92 

property    134,  217 

William 101 

Goldschmidt    Thermit    Company 9 

Gold  Stripe  deposit 221 

Gordon   Mountain,   chromite  on 114,  129 

Grades   of   chrome   ore 226 

manganese  ores   required 9 

Grafton  claim — 183,  222 

Graham    deposit    154-156,  219 

Granite-limestone   contact,   manganese   on — _  19 

Grant    prospect 197.  223 

Gravel,    chromite    in 166,  203 


INDEX.  235 

Page 
('.ray  claims ^4 

Eagle  chrome  group — 181,  222 

lease     52 

(Ireat   Expectations  claim , 79 

Western   mine 149,  219 

Quicksilver  Mining  Company 106 

I 'rieen  chrome  mine 134,  218 

property    (Placer  County) . 161.  220 

Grosse  manganese  claims 58,  94 

Grummit  Fiiinch  prospects 84,  96 

Guthrie,  Alex.,  claim 46,  93 

et  al.   claims 152-153 

Hallingren    property    203,  224 

Hamilton,  Fletcher 5 

Hampton  prospect 224 

Hausmannite 14 

Hannagan  Ranch  deposit 60,  94 

Harbison-Walker  Refractories  Co 226 

Harder,   E.   C 11,  12,  13,  25,  76,  115,  167 

Hardy,   Charles 98 

'    ITarp  and  Sons  Ranch  deposit 149,  219 

Karris  lease 193,  198 

Ranch  deposit 190 

IHarshaw,  Fuller  and  Goodwin  Companj' 98 

Haskins,  A.  A.,  use  of  White  Good-Roads,  truck  by,  in  hauling  dolomite 66 

Hauser,   Martin  and   Cheeseborough  claims 58,  94 

I    Hawkins    property    108 

prospect . 130.  217 

Ranch  deposit 60.  95 

;    Hazel-Atlas  Glass  Company 98 

Hearst   property   183,222 

'  Ranch  deposits   (San  Luis  Obispo  County) 175,176 

prospect    70,  95 

lieath,  W.   P.,  and  Company 98 

Hendricks   mine    (manganese) 15,  60-61,  95 

property     (chrome)     118-119,  216 

Herman   prospect    37,  93 

Heroult   smelter 20 

Herrick    prospect    37, '93 

Hersam,   E.    A 19.  20 

i   Heslewood  chrome  deposits 207,  209 

[j  lease 147 

Hickman,  Williams  and  Company 98 

Highland    Lake    chrome    property 210,  224 

High   Plateau   prospect 130,  217 

road    built    to 114 

Hill,  C.  W.,  Chemical  Company 98 

S.    W.,    deposit 206,  224 

;    Hinch  property   121,  216 

j    History  of  chromium 101 

Hobbs  Wall  Company,  logging  railroad 131 

I    Hobson   claims 70,  95 

'i   Hodges   and   Linder   property 161,  220 

I   Hoeft    properties    219 

I    Hoff  group 135 

I   Hogan  property 220 

llolbrook  and  McGuire  concentrating  plants 112 

and   McGuire   lease 80,  180,  222.  217 

et  al.  lease 204-205 

FTollister   lease    178 

j   Holmes    Lime    Company 141 

I   Hopper   claim   44.  93 

Horse   Mountain    Copper   Company 114 

copper   mine,    chromite    in 148,  219 

i    Hospital  Creek,  manganese  on 85.  87 

iHothersall    property    220 

Hoy  claims 183,  222 
Hubbard,  J.  D.,  concentrating  plant  of 118 

Hudson,  F.  L 8 

Hughes  group _213,  225 

'   Huguenin,  Emile , 1,  7 

Humboldt    Countv,    chromite    in 114,  148.  219 

manganese   in   16.33-34,92.93 

i    Humphrey,  E.   C,  and  Company 98 

Hunter,   Wm.,   mine 82,  96 

Hydromagnesite  associated  with  chromite 197 

Tda   chrome   group 1 183,  222 

Illinois   Pacific   Glass   Company l 98 

Steel    Company    98 

Imperial  County,  manganese  in : 19,  34-35.  93 

I   Import   Chemical   Company 98 

Independent    mine    42-44 

I   India,  manganese  in 11 

Indian  dugout  canoes,  transportation  of  chrome  ore  by 114 

'    Ingram  Creek,  manganese  on 60,  84,  85 


236  INDEX. 

I 

Page' 

Innes,  F.   C,   claim 123,  217 

Integral   Chrome  Mining  Company 210-211,  224 

Quicksilver  Mining  Company 210 

Inyo  County,  manganese  in 19,  36,  93 

Iowa  Hill   district,   chromite  in 113 

Irish  Ranch  deposit 136,  218 

Iron   Age   9 

Queen  claim 54,  94 

James,  Geo.  A.,  Company 161 

Jasper,  P^ranciscan,  manganese  ore  in 24- 

Jens  deposit 222 

Jig,   concentration   by 187,  188 

Joerger   property    136,  218 

Johe  Rancli  chrome  deposit 170,  221, 

manganese    deposit    71,  95. 

Jolinson    claims    (Imperial   County) 35,93 

prospect    (Trinity   County) 90,  96. 

Johnston   prospect   218 

Jones   group    78 

and  Laughlin  Steel  Company 98 

Joyner   deposit 225 

Jumbo  prospect 27,  92 

Juniata  Furnace  and  Foundry  Company 98 

Kahl    mine    213,  225 

Kammererite 186 

Keeny  et  al.  lease 41 

Keller  Bros,  prospect 78,  96 

Kelly  property 136,  218 

Ranch   deposit    27,  92 

Kern  County,  manganese  in 93 

Kiaupat,   Henry,  prospect 215 

Kilday   Ranch   deposit 180,  222 

Kindred  and  McKniglit  manganese  claims 91 

et  al.  chrome  claims 156 

King  Ranch   deposit 196,  197,  198 

Kinzie  lease 55 

Klamath  chrome  mine 194 

district,    chromite    in 115 

Mountain  region,  chromite  in 107-109,  189 

manganese   in    17 

River,   chromite  on , 108,  109 

Kleinsorge  chrome  mine , 110,  206-207,  224 

Kotzchubeite 186 

La  Belle  Iron  Works 99 

Lackawanna   Steel    Company 99 

Lacy   property   144 

Ladd  mine   24,  64-67,  95,  100 

carbonate  ore  in 65,66 

production  of 16 

La  Follette  Coal  and  Iron  Company 99 

Lagunitas   Development  Company 39 

Lake  County,  chromite  in 106,  148-151,  219 

manganese    in    16,  36-37,  93 

La  Laguna  Ranch  deposit   (chrome) 179,222 

deposits   (manganese)   74,  95 

Lambert  property 119 

Lamson,  J.   S.,  and  Bros.,  Inc 99 

Langford  and  Clary  lease 121,216 

La  Priniera  mine 171,  221 

Laurel  Lake  Ranch  deposit 180,  222 

Lavic  Mountain   deposit 62,  95 

Lavino.  E.  J.,  and  Company 99,  226 

La  Trinidad   chrome  mine 171,  221 

Lawson,  A.  C 31,  39 

Leavitt,  C.  W.,  and  Company 99. 

Lebanon  Blast  Furnace  Company 99 

Leecli   Lake  Mountain,   manganese  on 44  ; 

Lee   mine 40 

LeMay   deposit   , 223 

'Leopard'  ore 140,  194 

Letter    of    transmittal 5   ' 

Levansaler-Speir  Corporation 99,  213,  219'^ 

Lewis,  .1.  V 102 

Ranch  deposit 61,  95 

Liberty  chrome  mine 124,  217 

group ^, 114 

Lighthill   Ranch  deposit 196,  197,  198 

Lightliold  claims 213,  225 

Lime   Kiln   deposit 159 

district,  manganese  in 18 

Limestone,  chromite  in 165 

-granite  contract,  manganese  on 19 

Linder  and  Hodges  property 161,  220 


INDEX.  237 

Page 

Little  Castle  Creek  mine ___109,  ISl,  183-188,  222 

geology  of 1  86-187 

jig  concentration  at 187,  188 

map  of 184 

production   of 181,  185 

Deer  claim 44,  93 

Red  Mountain,  chromite  on 156 

hive   Oak   claim 181 

Loading  bunkers  for  chromite 191 

Lockwood  prospect -- 88 

Loeser,  David 99 

Logan,  C.  A 1,  7,  9,  101,  226 

lease    211 

prospect 219 

Lone  Pine  claim 188,  222 

Los  Angeles  County,   chromite  in 151,  219 

County,    manganese   in 19,  38,  93 

Pressed  Brick  Company 99 

Los  Olivos  deposit 179,  222 

Louderback,    G.   D 8.  14 

Lovejoy-Stevens   property    141 

Lovett   and   Sullivan   group 93 

Low  Divide  mine 108,  125,  126 

Low  Moor  Iron   Company  of  Virginia 99 

Lowrey    chrome    deposits 207-208 

Lowry   property 122,  216 

Luce    prospect , 219 

Lucky  Girl  prospect 204,  224 

Jack    group    171,  221 

Strike  mine 107,  119,  149-150.  216,  219 

Lukins  Iron  and  Steel  Oompany 226 

Lyser,  C.  J 202 

Maberry  and  Brown  manganese  deposit 59,  94 

Mackay,    A.    D 226 

Mackey   property    213-214,  225 

Madeira   deposit    201,  223 

Madrid    chrome   property 225 

manganese   property    91,  97 

Madrona,  chromite  near 129 

Magmatic  segregation,  formation  of  chromite  by 102 

Magnetic  separation  of  inanganese  ores -- 20 

Mailliard  Ranch  deposit 38,  93 

Malpas  prospect 131 

Maltby  and  Adams  leases 126,128,223,225 

C.  S. 225 

Mammoth   prospect 78,  96 

Manganese . 9-100 

bronze 10 

carbonate  of 17,  45 

in  Ladd  mine 65,  66 

in  Tesla  district 24.  26 

Company    of    California 67,  69,  72,  209,  224 

deposits,  map  of  California  showing 13 

in  Alameda  County 24-29,  92 

Amador  County 29-30,  92 

Brazil    11 

Butte  County 30,  92 

Calaveras   County   31,  92 

California,  production  of 7,  100 

Chile    11 

Contra   Costa   County 31-32,  92 

Fresno   County 32,  92 

Glenn  County 32,  92 

Humboldt   County 33-34.  '*'>..  9S 

Imperial  County 34-35,  93 

India    11 

Inyo  Courttv 36,  93 

Kern   County 93 

Lake  County •_____ 36-37,  93 

Los  Angeles  County 38,  93 

Marin  County 38,  93 

Mendocino    County    31-49.  93 

Merced  County 49-50,  93 

Monterey  County 50,  93 

Napa  County 51,  93.  94 

Nevada  County 51,  94 

Panama    12 

Placer    County    52,  94 

Plumas    County 53-54,  94 

Riverside  County 54-59,  94 

Russia    10 

San   Benito   County 59-61,  94,  95 

San  Bernardino  County 61-64,  95 

San  .Joaquin  County 64-69,  95 

San   Luis   Obispo   County 69-74,  95 


238  INDEX. 

Manganese— Continued.  Page 

Santa    Barbara    County 74,  95 

Santa   Clara   County 75-80,  95,  96 

Shasta   County   80-81,  96 

Siskiyou  County 81-82,  96 

Sonoma   County   82-83,  96 

Stanislaus   County   83-87,  96 

Tehama   County    87-89,  96 

Trinity  County 89-91,  96,  97 

Tulare    County    91,  97 

Tuolumne    County    91,  97 

United    States    12 

minerals     13-14 

on  Mt.   Diablo 32 

ore,   analyses   of 57,  73,  86 

foreign    deposits   of 11 

in   dry   batteries 10 

production   of,   in   California 100 

ores,  grades  of,  required 9 

possibilities    of    concentrating 19-20 

prices    of    10 

purchasers    of    98-100 

secondary   concentration   deposits  of 12 

Peak    group    88-89,  96 

percentage  recovery  of,  in  ferro-manganese 21 

of,    in    steel   slags 12 

Products   Company    ■ 84 

prospect  on  Arroyo  del  Puerto 84 

Ridge  prospect 51 

uses  of,  and  gi-ades  of  ore  required 9 

Avar  necessity  of 5,  7 

world    sources    of 10-12 

Manhattan    Electrician    Supply   Company 99 

Manilla  manganese  property 31,  92 

Man   Ridge   mine 27,28,  92 

mines,   production   of 16 

Map  of  a  portion  of  Central   California,   showing  deposits  of  chromium,  mag- 

nesite   and   manganese 24 

California,  showing  locations  of  chromium  and  manganese  deposits 13 

chrome  ore  deposits  in  San  Luis  Obispo  County 167 

Little   Castle    Creek   mine 184 

New  London  mine 173 

Mapes-O'Hara   lease 215 

Market  for  chromite 227-228 

Marin  County,  manganese  in 16,  38,  93 

Mariposa  County,  chromite  in 110,  151,  219 

Marks  lease 190,  198 

Marshall.   E.    B ^9 

Martin-McKeen    mine    198,  223 

Maryland,   chromite   in 101 

Masterson    group    198,  223 

Mateos    Ranch    deposit -- 78-79,  96 

Matthews   Ranch  deposit 118 

Maxwell   Ranch   deposit 122 

McBride  mill 146 

McCarthy   claims 199,  223 

McCartv    property    165,  221 

T.    L. 99 

McClendon,   W..   Ranch  deposit 44.  93 

McConnell-Kirby  claims    210 

McCormack    mine    225 

McCoy   Mountains,   manganese   in 54 

McCurdy  property 136,  218 

McFaul    property 122,  216 

McGuire,  Holbrook  and  Springer  lease 204-205,  224 

McKeefrey  Iron   Company 99 

McKnight  and  Kindred  claims 91,  97 

et  al.  chrome  claims 156 

McLean-Clark    prospect    82,  96 

McNear   lease   162 

McNulty    deposit I 190 

Medicinal  uses  of  manganese 10 

Meeker  chrome  mine 201-203.  223 

Mefford  property 116.  216 

Mendenhall    mine    115,  216 

Mendocino  County,  chromite  in 151-156,  219 

manganese    in 13,  16,  36,  39-50.  93 

Merced  County,  manganese  in 15,  93 

Merchant  Estate  mine 75,  92 

mine 25,  26,  27 

Metal  and  Thermit  Corporation 226 

Mexican  prospect 76 

Miami    Metals    Company 99 

Michaels.  Roman  and  Weeks  lease 44,  93 

Middle  Creek  Mining  Company 38 

Middlemast  chrome  deposit 171,  221 

Miles  and  Westover  claims 188,  222 


INDEX.  239 

Paie 

Milkr  claims j^gg   2''2 

Milligan   lease !!_" ~I~_  '  199 

Mineral    Products    Company TerTi.si,  96,'203r205,  224 

Resources   Corporation    of   America 121   144   2I6  219 

Minerals  of  manganese ~ ~~ ' '_      i:»_i4 

Mines  and  Metals  Corporation ~ IIIII" '    ng 

Mining  costs I._I_1_I ~1_  4:5 

and    Scientific    Press ~~~ III_III~12,  166   194 

Mississippi  Valley  Iron   Company ~ I_I2Z L       '    99 

Mitchell    mine   ~~ ~~ "IIII  96 

Montana,  manganese  in ~"~" III_~IIII_I  \-i 

Monterey  County,  chromite  in ~I I.IIZZI 104,  156 

manganese    in    Z I-IIIIIl5   50,  93 

Moore  Creek  deposit I" II_I_   '  5li  94 

prospect II_I I"  •ii9 

Moscatelli  pi-operty "I 157,  2'/i> 

Mother  Lode  district,  chromite  in IZZII_I IZ_       "  115 

Mount  Diablo,  manganese  on ZZZZZ 32 

Hill    mine    • ZZI ZZ_Z_157,  220 

Sanhedrin  claims ZZZZ_44-4'5'93 

manganese  carbonate  in Z ZZ__         '  13 

Sanhedrin,   manganese   on Z I  16 

Miniibo  Creek  group ZZZZ-211,  224 

Mundrini    mine    Z ZZ   _"      '  218 

Murphy   property Z ZZ 136-137,  2IS 

Musgrave   prospect 223 

Mutual   Chemical  Company ZZ 226 

chrome  mine Z 171,  221 

Napa  County,   chromite   in 106,  156-157,  219 

manganese   in   , 16,51,93,94 

Kaphis  Peak  mine 90,  96 

Nassau  Copper  Company 121,  216 

National  Alloy  Companj' . 99 

Carbon   Company   99 

Electrolytic  Company 226 

Paint  and  Manganese  Company 98 

Neill   prospect   219 

Neptune  gold  mine 134 

Nevada   County,    chromite    in 113,157-159,219-220 

Chrome    Company    157.  220 

Manganese    in    18,  51,  94 

Xf-whall    Estate    149 

manganese    lease    25,  27,  92 

mine    79,  96 

Xew   Idria   district ! 105 

London   chrome  mine 103,  171-173,  221 

map    of    172 

Year  manganese  claims 46,  93 

X-vsTnan   chrome   mine 115,  116 

manganese    mine    27.  92 

Xichelini    mine    219 

Nickel  in  manganese  ore 10 

Nigger   Hill   chrome   mine 137,218 

Nnble  Electric  Steel  Company__9,  20-22,  28,  30,  44,  46.  48,  53,  5!).  60,  74,  79.  80,  81, 
S2,  89,  90.  99,  107,  112,  115,  116,  137,  154,  155,  167.  188.  195.  206,  207-208,  222,  224,  226 

X'orcross  chrome  mine 174,  221 

concentration    at    174 

lease    134 

Norris  and  Noyes  mine 120,  166,  221 

Northern   California   Power   Company 20 

Xorthwestern    Iron    Company 99 

Pacific    Railroad    90.  212 

Noves   lease    (manganese) 32 

prospect    120.  216 

prospect    (Glenn    County) 219 

Null    prospect   225 

Nungesser  Carbon  and  Battery  Company 99 

Oakley  Paint  Manufacturing  Company 99 

(I'Brien    Mine    __^ 218 

T.   S.   et  al.   lease 180 

O'Donnell   and   Burns  Mining   Company 179-180.  222 

Ogle   property   137.  21S 

Old  Dominion  Pig  Iron  Corporation 99 

Olsen    mine    216 

prospect    220 

Oregon,    chromite    in 124 

Oustomah  mill,  chrome  concentration  in 113,  157-158 

Overstroni    Mineral    Concentrator 143 

Owl    claim    129,  217 

Hole    mine    19 

Owls   Head    mine 62 

Hole    Manganese    Mine 62-64,  95 

Otis    Steel    Company 226 


240  INDEX. 

Page  ' 
Pacific  Coast  Railroad 69 

Coast    Manganese    Company 87' 

Steel   Company 99,  153,226 

Electro   Metals   Company 22,  99,226 

smelter    of    22-23 

Sewer  Pipe   Company 9ft, 

Page  lease 44: 

Paints,  use  of  manganese  in lOi  I 

Palen   Mountains  deposit 59?] 

manganese   in 5T' 

Paleozoic   formations,   chromite   in 181,  189'- 

Palo   Verde   region   manganese   claims I_     59,  94  < 

Panama,   manganese    in 12". 

Parker,    Ivan    H.,    property 161-162,220 

Parkhurst   prospect   221^ 

Parmeter   Ranch    deposit 203,  22Sj 

Patterson  deposits 22S  ' 

and  Western    Railroad 75,  76,  203,  204,  208 

Payne  mill • 14( 

Peewee  chrome  claim 212,  224 

Pennsylvania,    chromite    in 101 

manganese   mine , 79,  96 

Penrose  mine 54,  94 

Percentage  of  manganese  in  steel  slags 12 

Pereira  group    (San  Luis  Obispo  County) 177,221 

property   (Tuolumne  County) 214,  225 

Pericone  property 225 

Peridotite,   alteration   of,   to  serpentine 186,  189 

chromite   in    102,180,186,  189 

Peri   property    122,  217 

Perry  Iron  Company 99 

Peyton  et  al.  lease 30 

Pfeiffer    property    140,  218 

Phelan  Ranch  deposits 71,  95 

Phillips    lease    84,96 

Phillpot   deposit    ^ 211,  224 

Phoenix  Mines    (quicksilver) 20431 

Phosphorus  in  manganese  ore 14a 

Picayune   Lake   group 211,  224 

Pick  and   Shovel  mine 103,174-175.221 

Picrite   180 

Pierce  and   Benadom   group 177 

Pig  iron,   'high  manganese' 9 

Pilliken   mine   112,  137-140,  194,  218 

mine,   concentration  at 140 

Rancii  mine 112 

Pilot    Hill    property 140,  218 

Pine  Mountain  group 169,  175-176,  221 

Pit  River  Consolidated  group 80,  96 

Pittsburgh  Lamp  Brass  and  Glass  Company 99 

Steel  Company 99 

Placer    Chrome    Company 112,  141-143,  218 

County,  chromite  in 113,  159-164,  220 

manganese  in    18,  52,  94 

gravels,    chromite    in 101,  166,  203 

Plainer,  J.  H.,  prospect 205,  224 

Plumas  County,  chromite  in 103,  113,  165-166,  220-221 

manganese   in   18,  53-54,  94 

Point  Sal,  chromite  near 180,  222 

Porter  Ranch  deposit 33-34,  92 

Portervllle  and  Northeastern  Railroad ' 91j 

Potter  Valley  mine 401 

Pottery,  use  of  manganese  in 10^ 

Powell  property 30,92 

et  al.  lease 225 

Power   Timber   Company 162 

Pratt,  J.  H 102 

Prefumo   Caiion   deposit 72-78 

district    — 15 

Preliminary  Report  No.  3 5 

Preston   Estate   213 

Prices  and  grades  of  chrome  ore 226 

of  manganese  ores 10 

Priem  and  Dougherty  group 188. 

Princess   chrome   mine 124,  217 

Production  costs 11 

of  chromite  in   California 7,  226-227 

ferro-manganese — 9 

manganese   in   California 7,  100 

spiegeleisen 9 

Prospector,  districts  of  promise  to 115 

Providence  E.xploration  Company 64 

Psilomelane 14,  19 

Puerto  Creek,  chromite  on 203,  204 

manganese  on 84j 

Publications  of  State  Mining  Bureau 229-2321 


INDEX.  241 


■e  Page 

^Pulaski  Iron  Company 1(9 

Purcell-Griffin  mine 1')!,  Ul'.i 

Purchasers  of  manganese  ores 98-100 

Pyrolusite    14,  19 

best   for   batteries 10 

Rancho  Piedra  Blanca 176,  221 

Santa  Manuela 176,  221 

Santa  Rita   176,  221 

Rattlesnake  Bar,  concentration  plant  at 142 

manganese  mine : 32,  92 

Reay  deposit 28,  92 

Recovery,  percentage  of,  in  ferro-manganese 21 

Red  Cliff  prospect : 90,  96 

g^         Mountain,  chromite  on 154,  155 

m  magnesite   deposits 204 

P  Rock 31-32,  92 

Slide  district,  magnesite  in 201 

Redledge  mine 158,  220 

Reed  Farm  chrome  mine 101 

Replacement  theory  now  considered  untenable 13 

Republic  Iron  and  Steel  Company 99 

Rhodes,  Byles  and  Gribble  property 144-145,  219 

-Hurt   prospect    46,  93 

Rhodochrosite   13,  45 

claims   — 44 

Rhodonite 13 

Rice,  A.  P 99 

Riccioli  prospect 71-72,  95 

Riflle-Crisle  deposit 218 

Ricketson  Mineral  Paint  Works 99 

Riverside  County,  manganese  in 19,  54—59,  94 

Roach  claims 152 

Rock  Wren  claim 145 

Rogers,   Brown  and  Company 99 

Rohrer  and  McCrosky  claims 120,  216 

Root  et   al.   claims 152-153 

J.  W.,  deposit 28,  92 

Rose  and  Gates  lease 180 

Ross  Ranch  prospect 50,  93 

Rough  and  Ready  chrome  mine 214.  225 

Riihser  and  Hubberty  deposit — 30,  92 

Rusner-Hymer  lease 46 

Russell  group 211 

Russ  deposit 177,  221 

Russia,   manganese   in 10 

production  cost  of  manganese  ore  in 11 

Sacramento  Valley,  chromite  on  west  side  of 109-110 

Salmon  River,  manganese  on 81 

Samuel,    Frank 99,  226 

San  Benito  County,  chromite  in 105,  166,  221 

manganese  in 15,  59—61,  94,  95 

I     San  Bernardino  County,  manganese  in 19,  61—64,  95 

!    San  Carpoiaro  Creek  deposit — 177,  221 

Sanford,    H.   W 227,228 

I     San  Joaquin  County,   manganese  in 15,  16,  24,  64-69,  95 

County,  manganese  production  in 16 

I  Valley,  chromite  on  west  side  of 105 

I  manganese  in  counties  west  of 15 

I     San  Luis  Obispo  County,  chromite  in 103.  113.  167-178,  221-222 

I  early  production  of  chromite  in 226 

I  first  chrome  concentrator  in 103 

mangane.se   in 14,  69—74.  95 

map  of  chrome  ore  deposits  in 167 

Santa  Barbara  County,  chromite  in 104,  113,  179-180,  222 

manganese   in    14,  74,  95 

Santa  Clara  County,  chromite  in 24,  105,  180,  222 

magnesite  in 24 

manganese  in 15.  16,  24,  75-80,  95,  96 

production  in 16 

Santa   Fe   Railroad 56,57 

Santa  Lucia  Mountains,  manganese  in 15,  50,  70 

Sartorius  lease 84,  87 

Sausalito  Point,  manganese  on 39,  93 

Savage,  John  A.,  and  Company 99 

Sawyer  Tanning  Company 148,  149,  219 

Scheirmeier,  H.,  prospect . 162,  220 

Schellenger  claims 1 -- 54-56,  59 

Schelly  property 143,  218 

Schoettgen  prospect 225 

Scott  property 220 

and  Winegar  mine 27,  28,  92 

Scullin  S-teel  Company 99 

Seaboard  Steel  and  Manganese  Corporation 99 

le— 38966 


t 


242  INDEX. 

Page 

Seagrave  lease  85 

Seattle  Smelting  Company 99 

Secondary  concentration  deposits  of  manganese  ores 12 

Second  Thought  claim 145 

Seligman,   Arthur 99 

Selvester  and  Wilson  prospect 90,  96 

Sericite  associated  with  chromite 189 

Serpentine,  chromite  in 103,  m,  115 

derived  from  peridotite '_        '  189; 

in  Franciscan  formations lis 

Sonoma  County 201 

Shaffer  Engineering  Company 99 

Shanks  and  Copps  lease   (chrome) 203,  224 

lease  (manganese) 82,  96 

Sharpe  Ranch  deposit 196,  197"i99 

Sharrer  prospect 120,'  216' 

Shasta  (Copper   Company I_   "   '    gi 

County,    chromite    in 109,  lSl-188,  222 

general  geology  of  chromite  deposits  in 181 

manganese    in    17,  80-81,  96 

Shaw   and   Matthews   manganese   mine 83,  96 

Shell  Rock  manganese  deposits . 46[  93 

Sherwin   Williams  Company 226 

Shields  and  Packwood 93 

W.    E.,    prospect 156,  219 

Shotgrun  Creek  mines '  188 

Siberia,    chromite    in 101 

Siebert  mine 219: 

Sierra  County,  chromite  in 113,  i89,  222 

Nevada  Mountain  counties,   chromite  in '_110-113| 

Silico-manganese,    electric   smelting   of 22 

Simmons  property 216 

Simpson    lease    52; 

Ranch   deposit   143,  2I8 

Sims,    chrome    deposit 214,225 

Singewald    and    Miller II_I '    n 

Siskiyou  County,   chromite  in 107,  108-109,  114,  189-201.  222-223 

manganese   in   __17,  81-82,  96 

transportation   in    Z 1_  190 

Skaggs  hot  springs,  manganese  near 83 

Skillen  and  Means  group 82,  96 

Sligo    Furnace   Company 99 

Sloss-Sheffleld  Steel  and  Iron  Company 99 

Slags,   steel,  manganese  in 12 

Smith  Bros,   lease 53 

J.   Lawrence , 102 

J.   P. 104,  181,  189 

Snow  property 146,  219 

Snyder   property    145,  219 

Soloman,    C,    Jr 99 

Sonoma  County,   chromite  in 106,  201-203,  223-224 

manganese    in    16,  82-83,  96 

Southern  California,  manganese  in 19 

Coast  Range  counties,  chromite   in 103-104 

Manganese  Corporation — 99 

Pacific  Railroad 87,  119,  132,  169,  178,  181,  197 

Souza  Ranch  deposit 199,  223 

Sperry   prospect   188,  222 

-Wright  lease   84,  85,  86 

Spiegeleisen,    composition   of 9 

production  of 9 

Springer  et  al.   lease..    204-205 

Standard  Steel  T^^orks  Company 99 

Staneuch  Ranch  deposit 15,  72-73,  95 

analyses  of  manganese  ore  from 73 

Stanislaus  County,  chromite  in 24,  105,  203-205,  224 

magnesite    in    24 

manganese  in 15,  16,  24,  83-87,  96 

production   in   16 

State  Mining  Bureau,  publications 229-232: 

Steel  Ranch  chrome  mine 141,  218! 

slags,  percentage  of  manganese  in 12; 

Stella  chrome  mine 124,  217 

Stewart   lease   60 

Stifle,   W.    L.,    prospect 143,  218 

St.   Louis  Refractories  Company 226 

Stokes    property    216 

Stope  in  Winship  manganese  mine 68 

Strickland.  C,  deposits 223 

Stromberg,  Oscar 99 

Suffern  Co..  Inc..   The 87,  99 

Sullinger  prospect 157,  219' 

Sullivan  property 163,  220 

Sulphur  in  manganese  ore 14 

Sunshine   claim   181 


I 


INDEX.  243 

Superior  Portland   Cement  Company 99 

Supplementary  statement  relative  to  chromite  market 227-228 

Sutton  manganese  property 91,  97 

Sugar  Creeli  chrome  claim 199,  22:? 

Pine   properties 162-163,  164,  220 

Swayne  chrome  mine 216 

Sweet  Ranch  deposit 159,  220 

Sweetwater   chrome   mine 177-178,  222 

Swerer  prospect 225 

Table  of  chromite  production 227 

manganese  production 100 

Tacoma  Metals  Company 99 

Taliaferro,   N.   H S 

Taylor  property ■ 93 

Tedoc  chrome  mine 208-209,  224 

Mountain,  chromite  on 110,  208,209 

Tehama  Consolidated  Chrome  Company ■ 206,  207 

Countj',    chromite   in 110,  206-209,  224 

manganese  in 18,  87-89,  96 

Tennessee  Coal,  Iron  and  Railroad  Company 99 

Terrill,  Wm.,  prospect 219 

Terry  and  Sell  mine 215,225 

Tesla  district,  clirome.  magnesite  and  manganese  in 24 

early  production  of  manganese  in 100 

general  geology  of 24 

map  of 24 

Tethers  chrome  prospects 124,  217 

Thatcher   Creek  claims 46 

The  Chrome  Mine 190,  199-200,  223 

The  Metalores  Corporation 99 

Thomas   Iron    Company 99 

manganese  mine 16,  46-48,  93 

Thompson  Bros,  lease 87 

Thorne   deposits   219 

Lew,  lease   93 

Tibbetts,    S.    A 87 

Tilsley  and  Coplen  group 52,  94 

Tonopah   and  Tidewater   Railroad 19.  61,  62 

Toms  Head  chrome  mine 209,  224 

Peak,    chromite   on 110 

Toledo  Furnace  Companj' 99 

Transportation  costs 43,  103,  105,  107,  109,  110, 

112.  113,  118,  119,  121,  131,  135,  140,  145,  149,  151,  162.  173,  178,  187,  194,  198,  200,  209 

difficulties 115 

in   Del   Norte   County 125 

Siskiyou   County 190 

of  chrome  ore  by  Indian  dugout  canoes 114 

Trask,  J.  B 166 

Trinidad  mine 10^ 

Mining  Company — 167,  170.  171 

Trinity  Asbestos  Mining  Company 210 

County,  chromite  in 109,  209-212.  224 

manganese   in   17,  89-91.  96.  97 

Tropper  Ranch  deposit 143.  218 

True  Blue  chrome  mine — 123.  217 

Tucker   lease   149,  219 

W.    B.    1.7 

Tulare  County,  chromite  in 104.  213.  225 

manganese   in 18.  91.  97 

Tuolumne  County,  chromite  in 111,213-215.225 

manganese    in    18,  19.  91.  97 

Turner  and  Geisendorfer  Chrome  and  Concentrator  Company 163,  164.  220 

Turner  lease   162 

Turtle  Dove  property 158.  220 

Twin  Peaks  mine 219 

Tyson  chrome  mines  in  Maryland 101 

Estate  mines 125-129.217 

Isaac,   Jr.   101 

Mining   Company    128 

properties 10°.  124 

Upper  Coon  Mountain,  chromite  near 129 

Union   Chrome   Company 119, 

120.  132,  136.  142.  143.  144,  145,  159,  165.  174,  181,  195,  210,  216.  219,  220,  222,  223,  22|i 

U.  S.  Bureau  of  Mines 7 

Glass  Companv 100 

Geological  Survey 7,  9S,  226 

manganese  in   Ij- 

Steel   Corporation   100 

University  of  California 19 

Department  of  Geology 8 

Uses  of  manganese 9 

Utah   Iron  and  Steel  Company Tqa~iqo   iqq 

Uvarovite  associated  with  chromite 190,  198.  199 


244  INDEX, 

Page 

"Valine   Ranch  pi-ospect 200,  223 

Valley  View  mine 166,  221 

Vanadium  Steel  Alloys  Company '  loo 

Vance  prospect 219 

Vandercook  lease •         i66 

Van  Fleet,  J.  S -- •     i86 

Van  Ranch  prospect 37,  93 

Varnish,'  use  of  manganese  in 10 

Vauquelin,  Nicolaus lOi 

Vaughn   Ranch  deposit 104,  213,  225 

Vermont,    manganese   in '    12 

View    Point    property 30,  92 

Virginia,    chromite    in 101 

manganese  in . 12 

Vogelgesang   Ranch   deposits 125.  217 

Wad    14 

Waddell    mine    213,  225 

Wait   property    117,  216 

Wakehama    tunnel    120,  216 

"Waldteufel    mine 48 

Walker  lease 123,  217 

Wallace    Ranch   deposit 79,  96 

"V\''alsh-Hall   lease 159,  I6O,  161 

Wanderer  Mining  Company 203,  223 

Ward    deposit    217 

War    Industries    Board 227,  228 

Waring,    C.    A 1,  7 

War  necessity  of  manganese  and  chromium 5,  7 

Watts  Valley   chromite  deposits 105,  145,  219 

Wear  lease 178 

Wells    mine    216 

W^elsh  Ranch   deposit    (chrome) 178,  222 

deposit   (manganese)   73-74,  95 

Western  Iron  and  Fuel  Company 134 

Ores    Company    166 

Ore   Company -. 120 

Pacific  Railroad 16.  67 

Reduction    Company 100 

West  prospect 220 

Wharton   Steel  Company 100 

Wheeler  et  al.   claims 178.  222 

prospect    83,  96 

White    Good-Roads   Truck 66 

Wickwire    Steel    Company 100 

Wilcox,  C.  E.,  deposit 215 

Wild  Devil  manganese  mine 48,  93 

Wiley  property 144,  218 

Williamson   and   Beck  property 164,  220 

-Erwin  lease 200 

Wilson    Ranch   prospect 200,  223 

Winegar  manganese  claims 28 

Wiltsee  lease 67,  68,  69,  80 

Winship  properties 28,  67-69,  77.  80,  84-87,  92,  95,  96,  105.  180,  2->2 

map  showing 24 

Winter  claims 152 

Wisconsin  Steel  Company 100 

Woil   property   158,  220 

Wolf  deposit 159,  220 

Wood  et  al,  prospect 219 

Farm  chrome  mine 101 

Woods  prospect   (Fresno  County) 32,92 

prospect    (Humboldt  County) 34,93 

Wooley  mine 31 

"World  sources  of  manganese 10-12 

"V^'^orth   Bros.    Company 100 

Wren  Ranch  deposit 51,  94 

Wright  lease — 85,  86,  87 

mine    86 

Wurster   deposit   190  j 

"Wurst  prospect 201,  223 

Tosemite  Valley  Railroad 151 1 

Young  et  al.  claims 130,  217i 

property 108 1 

Youngstown   Steel  and  Tube   Company 226] 

Zanini    Bros,    deposit 144.  2181 

Zantgraff  district,  chromite  in 112] 

Gold   Mining   Company 141 

Zarr  prospect 217j 

Zenith   Chrome   Company 220 

mine    120.  216 

Zerfing  Ranch  deposit 178,  222j 

SSa'iS    10-18    2500.  O 


LIST    OF    PLHl. RATIONS. 


245 


PUBLICATIONS  OF  THE  CALIFORNIA  STATE  MINING 

BUREAU. 

Publications  of  this  Bureau  will  be  sent  on  receipt  of  the  requisite  amount.     Only 
stamps,  coin  or  money  orders  will  be  accepted  in  payment. 

Money  orders  should  be  made  payable  to  the  State  Mixing   Bureau. 
Personal  checks  will  not  be  accepted. 

REPORTS. 
Asterisk  (*)   indicates  the  publication  is  out  of  print. 
♦Report         I.     Henry  G.  Hanks.     1880. 
♦Report        II.     Henry  G.  Hanks.     1882. 
♦Report      III.     Henry  G.  Hanks.     1883. 
♦Report      IV.     Henry  G.  Hanks.     1884. 
♦Report        V.     Henry  G.  Hanks.     1885. 
♦Report      VI.     Part  1.     Henry  G.   Hanks.     1886. 
♦Report      VI.     Part  2.     Wm.   Irelan.   Jr.     18S6. 
♦Report    VII.     Wm.   Irelan,  Jr.     1887. 
♦Report  VIII.     Wm.  Irelan,   Jr.      1888. 
♦Report      IX.     Wm.  Irelan,   Jr.     1SS9. 
♦Report        X.     Wm.  Irelan,  Jr.     1890.  Price 

Report      XI.     Wm.   Irelan,  Jr.     1892.     (First  biennial) $1.00 

"^Report    XII.     J.    J.    Crawford.     1894.     (Second   biennial) 

*Report  XIII.     J.    J.    Crawford,    1896.     (Third   biennial) 

Chapters   of    State    Mineralogist's   Report,    Biennial    period,    1913-1914,    Fletcher 
Hamilton: 
Mines  and  Mineral  Resources  of  Imperial  and  San  Diego  Counties — F.  J.  H. 

Merrill.     1914     .35 

Mines  and   Mineral  Resources,   Amador,   Calaveras  and  Tuolumne  Counties — 

W.   B.   Tucker.     1915 , .50 

Mines   and    Mineral    Resources.    Colusa.    Glenn,    Lake,    Marin,    Napa,    Solano, 

Sonoma  and  Yolo  Counties — Walter  W.   Bradley.     1915 .50 

Mines  and  Mineral  Resources,  Del  Norte,  Humboldt  and  Mendocino  Counties 

— F.    L.    Lowell.     1915 .25 

INIines  and  Mineral  Resources,  Fresno,  Kern.  Kings,   Madera,  Mariposa,  Mer- 
ced,    San    Joaquin    and    Stanislaus    Counties — Walter    W.     Bradley,     G.    C. 

Brown,   F.   L.   Lowell  and   R.   P.   McLaughlin,    1915 .50 

Mines  and   Mineral  Resources,   Shasta,   Siskiyou  and  Trinity  Counties — G.  C. 

Brown.      1915    .50 

Report   XIV.     Fletcher   Hamilton,    1915,    Biennial   period   1913-1914.      (The   above 

county  chapters  combined  in  a  single  volume) 2.00 

Chapters   of   State   Mineralogist's   Report,    Biennial   Period,    1915-1916,    Fletcher 
Hamilton: 
Mines  and  Mineral  Resources,  Alpine.  Inyo  and  Mono  Counties,  with  geological 
map — Arthur    S.    Eakle,    Emile    Huguenin,    R.    P.    McLaughlin,    Clarence    A. 

Waring.      1917    1.25 

Same  as  above,   without  geological   map .65 

Mines    and    Mineral    Resources,    Butte,    Lassen,    Modoc,    Sutter    and    Tehama 

Counties — W.   Burling  Tucker,   Clarence  A.   Waring.     1917 .50 

Mines    and    Mineral    Resources.    El  .  Dorado,    Placer,    Sacramento    and    Yuba 

Counties — W.    Burling   Tucker,    Clarence   A.    Waring.     1917 .65 

Mines  and  Mineral  Resources,  Los  Angeles,  Orange  and  Riverside  Counties — 

Frederick   J.    H.    Merrill.     1917 .50 

Mines  and  Mineral  Resources,  Monterey,  San  Benito,  San  Luis  Obispo,  Santa 
Barbara  and  Ventura  Counties — Walter  W.  Bradley,  Emile  Huguenin,  C.  A. 

Logan,    Clarence    A.    Waring.     1917 .65 

]\Iines   and   Mineral   Resources,    San   Bernardino   and   Tulare    Counties — H.    C. 

Cloudman.  Emile  Huguenin,  F.  J.  H.  Merrill,  W.  Burling  Tucker.     1917 .65 

Report  XV.     Fletcher  Hamilton,  1918,  Biennial  period,   1'915-1916.      (The  above 

county  chapters  combined  in  a  single  volume) (In  press) 

BULLETINS. 

♦Bulletin     1.     Dessicated   Human    Remains. — Winslow   Anderson.     1888 

♦Bulletin     2.     Methods   of  Mine  Timbering.— W.    H.    Storms.      1894 

'Bulletin     3.     Gas  and  Petroleum  Yielding  Formations  of  the  Central  Valley  of 

California.— W.   L.   Watts.      1894 

•^Bulletin     4.     Catalogue    of    California    Fossils    (Parts    2,    3,    4    and    5).— J.    G. 

Cooper.      1894    

♦Bulletin     5.     The   Cyanide   Process:   Its  Practical  Application  and  Economical 

Results— A.    Scheidel.      1894    

Bulletin     6.     California   Gold   Mill  Practices.— E.   B.   Preston.     1895 $0.50 

♦Bulletin     7.     Mineral    Production    of    California,    by    Counties,    1894. — Chas.    G. 

Yale.      (Tabulated    sheet) 

'Bulletin     8.     Mineral    Production    of    California,    by    Counties,    1895. — Chas.    G. 

Yale.       (Tabulated    sheet) 

♦Bulletin     9.     Mine  Drainage,   Pumps,   etc. — Hans  C.   Behr.     1S96 

♦Bulletin  10.     A     Bibliography    Relating    to    the     Geology,     Palfeontology,     and 

Mineral    Resources   of    California. — A.    W.    Vogdes.     1896 

♦Bulletin  11.     Oil  and   Gas   Yielding   Formations   of   Los   Angeles,   Ventura  and 

Santa   Barbara    Counties.— W.    L.    Watts.     1896 

♦Bulletin   12.     Mineral   Production   of   California,    by   Counties,    1896. — Chas.   G. 

LYale.       (Tabulated  •  sheet) 
17- 38058 


246 


CALIFORNIA    MINING    BUREAU. 


PUBLICATIONS    OF    THE    CALIFORNIA    STATE     MINING     BUREAU— Continued. 

Asterisk   (*)   indicates  the  publication  is  out  of  print.  Price. 

♦Bulletin  13.     Mineral    Production    of    California,    by    Counties,    1S97. — Chas.    G. 

Yale.       (Tabulated    slieet) 

•Bulletin   14.     Mineral    Production   of   Caliiornia,   by   Counties,    1S98. — Chas.    G. 

Yale.      (Tabulated  sheet) 

Bulletin   15.     Map  of  Oil  City  Oil  Fields,  Fresno  County. — J.  H.  Means 

•Bulletin   IG.     The   Genesis   of   Petroleum   and   Asphaltum   in   California. — A.    S. 

Cooper.     1899 

•Bulletin   17.     Mineral    Production    of   California,    by   Counties,  - 1899. — Chas.    G. 

Yale.      (Tabulated  sheet) 

•Bulletin   18.     The  Mother  Lode  Region  of  California. — W.  H.  Storms,  1900 

•Bulletin   19.     Oil   and-  Gas   Yielding   Formations   of    California. — W.    L.   Watts. 

1900 

•Bulletin   20.     Synopsis    of    General    Report    of    State    Mining    Bureau. — W.    L. 

Watts.     1900 

•Bulletin   21.     Mineral    Production    of   California,   by    Counties,    1900. — Chas.    G. 

Yale.      (Tabulated    sheet)    __    

•Bulletin  22.     Mineral  Production   of  California  for  Fourteen   Years. — Chas.   G. 

Yale.      1900.      (Tabulated    sheet)     

Bulletin.  Reconnaissance  of  the  Colorado  Desert  Mining  District.- — Stephen 

Bowers.     1901 

Bulletin   23.     The  Copper  Resources  of  California. — P.  C.  DuBois,  F.  M.  Ander- 
son,  .1.   H.  Tibbits.  and  G.   A.   Tweedv.      1902 $0.50 

•Bulletin  24.     The  Saline  Deposits  of  California. — G.   E.   Bailey.      1902 

•Bulletin  25.     Mineral    Production    of   California,    by   Counties,    1901. — Chas.    G. 

Yale.      (Tabulated    sheet)    

•Bulletin   26.     Mineral    Production    of    California   for    Fifteen    Years. — Chas.    G. 

Yale.     1901.     (Tabulated  sheet) 

•Bulletin   27.     The   Quicksilver   Resources   of   California. — Wm.    Forstner.     1903    

•Bulletin   28.     Mineral    Production   of   California,    by    Counties,    1902. — Chas.    G. 

Yale.      (Tabulated    sheet)    

•Bulletin   29.     Mineral    Production    of   California    for    Sixteen    Years. — Chas.    G. 

Yale.     1902.     (Tabulated  sheet)   

■'Bulletin   30.     A  Bibliography  of  Geology,  Palaeontology,  and  Mineral  Resources 

of  California. — A.   W.   Vogdes.      1903    

•Bulletin   31.     Chemical  Analyses  of  California  Petroleum. — H.  N.  Cooper.     1903. 

(Tabulated  sheet)   

Bulletin   32.     Production  and  Use  of  Petroleum  in  California. — P.  W.  Prutzman. 

1904 .25 

•Bulletin   33.     Mineral    Production    of   California,    by    Counties,    1903. — Chas.    G. 

Yale.      (Tabulated    sheet)    

•Bulletin  34.     Mineral  Production  of  California  for  Seventeen  Years. — Chas.  G. 

Yale.     1903.     (Tabulated  sheet) 

•Bulletin   35.     Mines  and  Minerals  of  California  for  1903. — Chas.  G.  Yale.      1904. 

(Statistical)    

•Bulletin   36.     Gold  Dredging  in  California. — J.   E.   Doolittle.      1905 

Bulletin   37.     Gems.  .Jewelers'  Materials,  and  Ornamental  Stones  of  California. 
— George  F.  Kunz.      1905: 

First  edition   (without  colored  plates) .25 

•Second  edition    (with  colored  plates) 

•Bulletin   38.     The    Structural    and    Industrial    Materials    of    California. — Wm. 

Forstner.    T.    C.    Hopkins,    C.   Naramore,    U    H.    Eddy.      1906__    

•Bulletin  39.     Mineral    Production    of    California,    by   Counties,    1904. — Chas.    G. 

Yale.      (Tabulated    sheet)    

•Bulletin   40.     Mineral   Production   of  California   for  Eighteen   Years. — Chas.   G. 

Yale.      1904.      (Tabulated    sheet)    

•Bulletin  41.     Mines    and     Minerals    of    California,     for     1904 — Chas.     G.     Yale 

(Statistical)     

•Bulletin   42.     Mineral    Production    of   California,    by   Counties,    1905. — Chas.    G. 

Yale.      (Tabulated   sheet)    

•Bulletin   43.     Mineral   Production   of   California  for  Nineteen   Years. — Chas.   G. 

Y?le.      1905.      (Tabulated    sheet)    

•Bulletin   44.     Mines    and    Minerals    of    California,    for    1905. — Chas.    G.    Yale. 

(Statistical)     

•Bulletin   45.     Auriferous  Black  Sands  of  California. — J.  A.  Edman.     1907 

Bulletin   46.     General  Index  to  Publications  of  the  State  Mining  Bureau. — Com- 
piled by  Chas.   G.  Yale.      1907 .30 

•Bulletin   47.      Mineral    Production    of   California,    bv    Counties,    1906. — Chas.    G. 

Yale.      (Tabulated    sheet)    

•Bulletin   48.     Mineral    Production    of    California   for   Twenty   Years. — Chas.    G. 

Yale.      1906.       (Tabulated   sheet)    

•Bulletin   49.     Mines    and    Minerals    of    California,    for    1906. — Chas.    G.    Yale. 

(Statistical)    

Bulletin   50.     The   Copper   Resources   of   California. — A.    Hausmann,   J.    Krutt- 

schnitt,   Jr.,  W.   E.   Thorne,   J.   A.   Edman.     1908 1.00 

•Bulletin   51.     Mineral     Production    of    California,    by    Counties.    1907. — D.    H. 

"Walker.      (Tabulated    sheet)     

•Bulletin  52.     Mineral   Production   of  California  for  Twenty-one   Years. — D.   H. 

Walker.      1007.      (Tabulated    sheet)     

•Bulletin  53.     Mineral   Production   of  California   for   1907,    with   County    Maps — 

D.     H.     Walker.      1908.      (Statistical) 

♦Bulletin  54.     Mineral    Production    of    California,    by    Counties,     1908. — D.    H. 

Walker.      (Tabulated    sheet)     

,  "Bulletin  55.     Mineral   Production   of   California  for   Twenty-two  Years. — D.   H. 


LIST    OF    PUBLICATIONS. 


247 


PUBLICATIONS    OF    THE    CALIFORNIA    STATE     MINING     BUREAU— Continued. 
Asterisk  (♦)  indicates  the  publication  is  out  of  print.  Price. 

♦Bulletin  56.     Mineral    Production    for    1908,    County    Maps,    and    Mining   Laws 

of  California. — D.   H.   Walker.      1909.      (Statistical) 

•Bulletin   57.     Gold    Dredging    in    California. — W.    B.    "Winston,    Charles    Janin. 

1910 

•Bulletin   58.     Mineral    Production    of    California,    by    Counties,    1909. — D.    H. 

Walker.      (Tabulated    sheet)    

•Bulletin  59.     Mineral  Production  of  California  for  Twenty-three  Years. — D.  H. 

Walker.      1909.      (Tabulated  sheet)    

•Bulletin   60.     Mineral    Production    for    1909,    County    Maps,    and    Mining   Laws 

of  California. — D.H.Walker.     1910.     (Statistical) 

•Bulletin  61.     Mineral   Production   of   California,    by   Counties,   for   1910. — D.    H. 

Walker,  Statistician.      (Tabulated  slieet) 

•Bulletin  62.     Mineral   Production  of  California  for  Twenty-four  Years. — D.   H. 

Walker,   Statistician,      lliin.      (Tabulated  sheet) 

Bulletin   63.     Petroleum   in   Southern  California. — P.   W.    Prutzman.     1912 $0.75 

•Bulletin   64.      Mineral  Production  for   1911. — E.   S.   Boalich.  Statistician,   1912-_      

♦Bulletin   CS.      Mineral  Production  for  1912. — E.  S.  Boalicli.  191,"? 

•Bulletin   66.     Mining  Laws,  United   States  and  California,    1914 

Bulletin  67.     Minerals    of    California.— A.    S.    Eakle,    1914 

•Bulletin   6S.      Mineral   Production   for  1913. — E.    S.    Boalich,    1914 

Bulletin   69.     Petroleum  Industry  of  California,  with  Folio  of  Maps  (18x22  in.) 

— R.   P.   McLaughlin  and  C.  A.  Waring,    1914 2.00 

•Bulletin  70.     Mineral    Production    for    1914,    with   Mining   Law   Appendix.     1915    

r  *Bulletin  71.     California  Mineral  Production  for  1915,  with  Mining  Law  Appen- 

;  dix  and  Maps. — Walter  W.  Bradley.  1916 

I  *BuIletin   72.     Geologic   Formations   of   California. — James   Perrin    Smith.      1917 

(For  Map,   see  below) .25 

^Bulletin   73.      Report    of   Operations   of   Department   of   Petroleum   and   Gas   for 

1915-1916.— R.    P.     McLaughlin.       1917 

Bulletin  74.     California    Mineral    Production    for    1916,    with    County   Maps. — 

Walter   "W.    Bradley.     1917 

Bulletin   75.     Mining  Laws,  United  States  and  California,   1917 

Bulletin  76.     Manganese    and   Chromium    in    California. — Walter   W.    Bradley, 
Emile    Huguenin,    C.    A.    Logan,    W.    Burling    Tucker,    C.    A. 

Waring,    191S    t 

Bulletin   77.     Catalogue    of    the    Publications    of    the    California    State    Mining 

Bureau,    1880-1917.— E.    S.    Bo.alich.    1918 

Bulletin   7S.     Quicksilver  Resources  of  California. — Walter  W.  Bradlej',  1918 % 

1  ;ulletin   79.      Magnesite  in  California.      (In  preparation) 

Kiilletin   SO.      Tungsten,  Molybdenum  and  Vanadium  in  California 

Bulletin   S2.      Second    Annual    Report    of    the    State    Oil    and    Gas    Supervisor, 

1916-1917. — R.    P.    McLaughlin.      1918 

Bulletin   S3.     California    Mineral    Production    for    1917,    with    County    Maps. — 

Walter  W.   Bradley.     191S 

Preliminary    Reports. 

*rreliminarv  Report  No.   1.     Notes    on    Damage    by    Water    in    California    Oil 

Fields,   Dec,   1913.     By  R.   P.   McLaughlin 

•Preliminarj'  Report    No.    2.     Notes    on    Damage    by    Water    in    California    Oil 

Fields,    Mar.,    1914.     By    R.    P.    McLaughlin 

•Preliminary  Report  No.   3.     Manganese  and  Chromium,  1917.  By  E.  S.  Boalich     

Preliminary  Report  No.  3.     Manganese    and     Chromium.     By    E.    S.     Boalich. 

(Second    edition)    

Preliminary  Report  No.   4.     Tungsten.    Molybdenum  and  Vanadium,   1918.     By 

E.   S.   Boalich  and  W.   O.   Castello '—    

Preliminary    Report    No.    5.     Antimonv,    Graphite,    Nickel,    Potash,    Strontium, 

Tin,  1918.     By  E.   S.  Boalich  and  W.   O.  Castello ■ 

■  Registers    of    Mines   with    Maps. 

f    Amador   County   $.25 

t     Butte    County    .25 

•Calaveras    County    

•El  Dorado  County 

•Inyo   County    

•Kern  County 

Lake  County .25 

Mariposa  County .25 

•Nevada    County 

•Placer  County 

•Plumas    County    

•San  Bernardino  County 

•San  Diego  County   

Santa  Barbara  County .25 

•Shasta   County    

•Sierra  County 

•Siskiyou  County 

Trinity  County 

•Tuolumne  County 

Yuba    County    .25 

Register  of  Oil  Wells   (with  map),  Los  Angeles  City .35 


+ Write  for  lu'ice  list. 


248 


CALIFORNIA    MINING   BUREAU. 


OTHER   MAPS. 

♦California,  Showing  Mineral  Deposits   (50xGO  in.)—  Price 

Mounted     $1.50 

Forest   Reserves   in   California — 

Mounted    .50 

Unmounted    ,30 

♦Mineral  and  Relief  Map  of  California 

El  Dorado  County,  Showing  Boundaries  of  National  Forests .20 

ivladera  County,   Showing  Boundaries   of  National   Forests .20 

Placer  County,   Showing  Boundaries  of  National  Forests .20 

Shasta   County,    Showing  Boundaries   of   National    Forests .20 

Sierra    County,    Showing    Boundaries    of    National    Forests .20 

Siskiyou  County,  Showing  Boundaries  of  National  Forests .20 

Trinity  County,   Showing  Boundaries  of  National  Forests .45 

Tuolumne  County,  Showing  Boundaries  of  National  Forests .20 

*Mother    Lode    Region    

Desert    Region    of    Southern    California    .10 

Minaret    Region,    Madera    County .20 

Copper  Deposits  in  California .05 

Calaveras   County    .25 

Plumas   County    .25 

Tuolumne     County     .25 

Geological  Map  of  California   (mounted) — 50x60  inches 2.50 


DETERMINATION   OF   MINERAL  SAMPLES. 

Samples  (limited  to  three  at  one  time)  of  any  mineral  found  in  the  state  may  be 
sent  to  the  Bureau  for  identification,  and  the  same  will  be  classified  free  of  charge. 
No  samples  will  be  determined  if  received  from  points  outside  the  state.  It  must  be 
understood  that  no  assays  or  <iuantitative  determinations  will  be  made.  Samples 
should  be  in  lump  form  if  possible,  and  marked  plainly  with  name  of  sender  on  out- 
side of  package,  etc.  No  samples  will  be  received  unless  delivery  charges  are  prepaid. 
A  letter  sliould  accompany  samplo,  giving  locality  wliere  mineral  was  found  and  the 
nature  of   tlie  information  desired. 


w 


7 
f 


CALIFORNIA  STATE  MINING  BUREAU 

FERRY  BUILDING,  SAN  FRANCISCO 


lETCHER  HAMILTON,         ....         State  Mineralogist 


^ 


San  Francisco  BULLETIN  No.  77  December,  1917 


CATALOGUE 


OF  THE 


Publications  of  the  California 
State  Mining  Bureau 


1880 . 1917 


LIBRARY 

mVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA 


CAUFOROTA  STATE  PRINTING  OFFICE 

SACRAMENTO 

1918 


